Deck 3: Stress and Its Effects

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a part of primary appraisal of stress?

A) If the event is irrelevant
B) If the event is relevant,but not threatening
C) Evaluation of coping resources
D) If the event is stressful

Answer 1

C

Question 2

QUESTION BLANK

A) CHOICE BLANK
B) CHOICE BLANK
C) CHOICE BLANK
D) CHOICE BLANK

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Brenda has a big deadline for work.She is planning out how she will break the tasks into more manageable smaller tasks,and how she will use members of her team to help complete the job on time.Brenda's thinking is an example of

A) secondary appraisal.
B) primary appraisal.
C) negative interpretation.
D) cumulative impact.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Jim's primary appraisal of his financial decrease is that it is relevant but not threatening.Jim's next thought is most likely to be

A) determining what kind of stress he is experiencing.
B) moving on to secondary appraisal.
C) soliciting a second opinion about this stressful event.
D) deciding he is not experiencing stress.

Answer 4

D

Question 5

QUESTION BLANK

A) CHOICE BLANK
B) CHOICE BLANK
C) CHOICE BLANK
D) CHOICE BLANK

Answer 5

A

Question 6

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale measures changes

A) at work.
B) in personal relationships.
C) in finances.
D) in all of these.

Question 7

Minor hassles seem to be more strongly related to mental health than major stressful events because

A) stressful events can be cumulative.
B) the scales used to score stress are flawed.
C) major life events tend to be more positive.
D) smaller stressors are usually because of illness.

Question 8

_____ is any circumstance that threatens well-being and taxes coping abilities.

A) Anxiety
B) Stress
C) Maladjustment
D) Physiological arousal

Question 9

The four major types of stress described in your textbook are

A) pressure,anxiety,environment,and social demands.
B) frustration,anger,pressure,and change.
C) frustration,internal conflict,pressure,and change.
D) internal conflict,pressure,anxiety,and social demands.

Question 10

_____ involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way.

A) Life change
B) Pressure
C) Frustration
D) Internal conflict

Question 11

Jamal works in a warehouse that has continuous loud noises of machinery and backup alert sounds for the transport of merchandise.The stress Jamal experiences is most likely

A) acute.
B) ambient.
C) frustration.
D) chronic.

Question 12

Mina is moving to a new country.She is likely to experience

A) ambient stress.
B) acculturation.
C) traumatic stress disorder.
D) irrational stress.

Question 13

Margo is looking for a new job.She would like to work in the entertainment industry,but will not be able to afford her own apartment if she takes an entry-level job.Margo is likely to be experiencing

A) change.
B) internal conflict.
C) frustration.
D) pressure.

Question 14

_____ occurs in any situation in which the pursuit of some goal is thwarted.

A) Acute stress
B) Frustration
C) Chronic stress
D) Internal conflict

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of research related to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

A) People with higher scores tend to be more vulnerable to physical illness.
B) People with higher scores tend to be more vulnerable to some psychological problems.
C) The scale is dominated by negative events.
D) Experts agree with the methods and meaning of the findings.

Question 16

_____ is a threatening event that has a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit.

A) Acute stress
B) Frustration
C) Chronic stress
D) Internal conflict

Question 17

Ambient stress refers to

A) a sleeping medicine that causes stress.
B) chronic environmental conditions that place adaptive demands on people.
C) being in an area that is too quiet.
D) all of these.

Question 18

_____ is a threatening event that has a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint.

A) Acute stress
B) Frustration
C) Chronic stress
D) Internal conflict

Question 19

Margaret's piano recital is this Friday.She has been working on it all semester.This is an example of

A) ambient stress.
B) cultural stress.
C) acute stress.
D) chronic stress.

Question 20

Internal conflict occurs when

A) threatening events have a relatively short duration and clear endpoint.
B) two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.
C) conditions have a relatively long duration and no apparent time limit.
D) stress leads to physical illness.

Question 21

_____ are noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment.

A) Life changes
B) Frustrations
C) Pressures
D) Internal conflicts

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT true of people who report experiencing some type of racial discrimination?

A) A negative affect on mental health
B) A high report of stress
C) A high report of ambient stress
D) A negative affect on well-being

Question 23

Mark's boss wants him to complete his college degree within four years.Mark is worried that if he does not meet the deadline,he may be ineligible for a promotion.Mark is probably experiencing

A) pressure to conform.
B) pressure to perform.
C) life change.
D) social readjustment.

Question 24

Emotions are powerful,largely uncontrollable feelings,accompanied by

A) physiological change.
B) negativity.
C) stress.
D) cognitive reaction.

Question 25

Which stress response is related to driving home in heavy traffic?

A) Emotional
B) Physiological
C) Behavioral
D) All of these

Question 26

An inverted-U hypothesis illustrates the

A) poorer academic performance of stressed students.
B) level of complexity of a task.
C) the positive and negative emotions of severe stress.
D) optimal level of arousal for a task.

Question 27

Sarah is full of anxiety about her finals.Which of the following is NOT a strong possible reaction?

A) She will have trouble paying attention to her studying.
B) She will have problems remembering.
C) She needs the anxiety to help her perform well.
D) She will have problems judging the questions and options.

Question 28

Bethany's friends think she spends too much time studying and should go out with them regardless of her upcoming test.Bethany may be experiencing

A) pressure to conform.
B) pressure to perform.
C) life change.
D) social readjustment.

Question 29

Folkman's research indicates that during periods of stress

A) positive emotions also occur.
B) negative emotions far overshadow any positive emotions.
C) no positive emotion can occur if the stress relates to the death of another.
D) positive emotions outweigh the negative emotions.

Question 30

The general adaptation syndrome is a model of the body's stress response studied by

A) Bjorn Borg.
B) Hans Selye.
C) Walter Cannon.
D) Susan Folkman.

Question 31

Barry has trouble with his boss and recognizes this problem.He has decided to ask a friend who is a manager at another company how to best deal with the problem.Barry is currently experiencing

A) an emotional response.
B) a physiological response.
C) a subjective cognitive appraisal.
D) a behavioral response.

Question 32

A physiological reaction to threat that mobilizes an organism refers to

A) the general adaptation syndrome.
B) depends on the specific stimulus.
C) the autonomic nervous system's muscles.
D) the fight-or-flight response.

Question 33

A potential stressful objective event next elicits

A) an emotional response.
B) a physiological response.
C) a subjective cognitive appraisal.
D) a behavioral response.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a common emotional reaction to stress according to Richard Lazarus?

A) Anger
B) Fear
C) Coping efforts
D) Sadness

Question 35

An optimal level of arousal for a task

A) depends on the complexity of the task.
B) is caused by the performance level.
C) is lower with simple tasks.
D) depends on the inverted U image.

Question 36

Research on survivors of the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 indicates that a common reaction to severe stress is

A) cognitive adjustment.
B) elation at surviving.
C) depression and anxiety.
D) none of these.

Question 37

Sometimes,anxiety helps us by motivating us to study for a test,but if we become too anxious,we pass our optimal level of arousal and spend too much time worrying instead of studying.This type of correlation is described as

A) a downward spiral.
B) the inverted-U hypothesis.
C) negative.
D) positive.

Question 38

Fredrickson et al.'s research found pleasant emotions in stressful situations correlate positively with

A) emotional arousal.
B) only pleasant changes.
C) psychological instability.
D) the subject's resilience.

Question 39

Unpleasant emotions

A) serve important purposes.
B) can serve as a warning to take action.
C) can hamper coping efforts.
D) can do all of these.

Question 40

Which of the following has the strongest relationship with psychological problems?

A) Pressure
B) SRRS scores
C) Frustration
D) Change

Question 41

A fight-or-flight response

A) is seen in many species.
B) uses the sympathetic division of the ANS.
C) uses the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
D) does all of these.

Question 42

In our stressful modern world,

A) the fight-or-flight automatic reaction is obsolete.
B) stress can continue over time and leave one in a state of enduring physiological arousal.
C) stress may continue but has little effect.
D) we handle most stressors through our fight-or-flight response.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a part of brain-body pathways in stress.

A) Hypothalamus
B) Adrenal glands
C) Pituitary gland
D) All of these are a part of these pathways.

Question 44

The ______ system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) endocrine
D) brain-body pathway

Question 45

According to empirical research,which of the following is NOT increased by stress?

A) Depression
B) Schizophrenia
C) Lack of social support
D) Eating disorders

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT an adaptational outcome associated with severe stress?

A) Impaired task performance
B) Efficient working memory
C) Psychological problems
D) Physical illness

Question 47

Your friend has been told by her doctor to change her approach to stress in order to improve her health.Which of the following physical illnesses is your friend likely to NOT be experiencing?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Cigarette smoking
C) Arthritis
D) An infectious disease

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of Selye's diseases of adaptation?

A) Ulcers
B) Mental disorders
C) Exhaustion cues
D) Anti-stress illnesses

Question 49

The central aspect of burnout is

A) cynicism.
B) reduced self-efficacy.
C) exhaustion.
D) a major traumatic event.

Question 50

The general adaptation syndrome consists of which three stages?

A) Alarm,flight,exhaustion
B) Alarm,resistance,exhaustion
C) Emotional,physiological,behavioral
D) Physiological,behavioral,emotional

Question 51

_____ is a syndrome involving physical and emotional exhaustion,cynicism,and a lowered sense of self-efficacy that is attributable to work-related stress.

A) Posttraumatic stress disorder
B) Burnout
C) Cognitive functioning disruption
D) Adaptational outcome

Question 52

In studies of trauma survivors,Brandes et al.found

A) those with severe stress levels had poorer attention than those with few distress symptoms.
B) high levels of stress in all survivors.
C) no relationship with memory of the traumatic event between high and low stress levels.
D) memory was sharpened by the severe stress.

Question 53

The stage of the general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is the stage of

A) resistance.
B) alarm.
C) exhaustion.
D) combat preparation.

Question 54

The stage of the general adaptation syndrome in which physiological change stabilizes and coping efforts begin is the stage of

A) resistance.
B) alarm.
C) exhaustion.
D) combat preparation.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a cause of burnout?

A) low salary.
B) interpersonal conflicts at work.
C) lack of control over responsibilities and outcomes.
D) inadequate recognition for one's work.

Question 56

Beverly has made cakes many times,but feels pressure to do an exceptional job baking her mother's birthday cake.Baumeister's research indicates she

A) may focus too much attention and "choke" under pressure with impaired performance.
B) will do an excellent job because she is cognitively focused.
C) will be too distracted because of self-consciousness.
D) will do poorly even if she is a professional baker.

Question 57

_____ involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event.

A) Posttraumatic stress disorder
B) Burnout
C) Cognitive functioning disruption
D) Adaptational outcome

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT descriptive of the relationship of stress to memory?

A) Short-term stressors can enhance memory.
B) Emotional aspects of memory are distorted with mild-to-moderate stressors.
C) Stress and memory relationships are complicated.
D) People may not be able to process or integrate new information as effectively as normal.

Question 59

The response to stress that involves coping is

A) physiological.
B) emotional.
C) behavioral.
D) automatic.

Question 60

Results of burnout include

A) increased absenteeism.
B) reduced productivity.
C) increased vulnerability to health problems.
D) all of these.

Question 61

Keinan's study regarding participants' attention under stressful and non-stressful conditions found that stress

A) disrupted two specific aspects of attention.
B) decreased participants' jumping to quick conclusions.
C) inhibited their unsystematic review of available options.
D) had no affect on cognitive functioning.

Question 62

When stress continues over an extended period of time,the body's resources may reach their limit.This is the stage of

A) resistance.
B) alarm.
C) exhaustion.
D) combat preparation.

Question 63

Social support networks

A) have drawbacks if there is insincerity or dependency.
B) are the best way to cope with stress.
C) make people feel better,but only when they are under great stress.
D) cannot decrease the chance of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 64

Optimistic bias

A) cannot harm anyone.
B) may lead to risky behaviors.
C) contributes to hardiness.
D) is adaptive.

Question 65

Behavior modification is

A) an event that typically precedes the target response.
B) accomplished by reinforcing closer and closer approximations of the desired response.
C) a systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning.
D) a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a program.

Question 66

Maryanne scored 30 on the Life Orientation Test.Which of the following is NOT a likely experience for Maryanne compared to someone with a low score?

A) She will have better mental and physical health.
B) She may be less likely to go in for screening for physical risks such as breast cancer.
C) She will cope with stress in less adaptive ways than a pessimist.
D) She will be less likely to avoid stress or give up when something is stressful.

Question 67

Kobasa's research on hardiness found that executives stayed healthier who

A) were more committed,felt more in control,and had bigger appetites for challenge.
B) were less concerned and felt more in control.
C) were less committed,avoided challenge,and felt more in control.
D) made more money and had bigger appetites for challenge.

Question 68

Ronald has set up a series of challenging physical goals in progression over the spring break.A likely effect of his activities will be

A) a boring spring break.
B) posttraumatic growth.
C) a positive effect from the stress of stimulation and challenge.
D) a positive effect of stress due to psychological preparation for coming stress.

Question 69

_____ refers to various types of aid and succor provided by one's social networks.

A) Social support
B) Hardiness
C) Optimism
D) Moderating variable

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a key moderator variable to combat stress?

A) Realism
B) Social support
C) Hardiness
D) Optimism

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?

A) Promotes positive psychological change
B) Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
C) Prepares individuals so they are less affected by future stress
D) Resistance to physical illness

Question 72

The Life Orientation Test (LOT)was designed to measure

A) optimism.
B) hardiness.
C) conscientiousness.
D) sensation-seeking.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT true of hardiness?

A) It can be learned.
B) It often comes from strong social support.
C) It is a poor predictor of success in high-stress occupations.
D) It can come from encouragement from friends and family.

Question 74

Jess thinks there is no risk of lung cancer if you only smoke for a few years.He is

A) an optimistic smoker.
B) accurate according to current medical research.
C) pessimistic.
D) experiencing hardiness.

Question 75

Exposure to stress can

A) increase stress tolerance if the stress is not overwhelming.
B) decrease stress tolerance if the stress is not overwhelming.
C) increase underload stress if the stress is overwhelming.
D) decrease underload stress if the stress is overwhelming.

Question 76

Shaping is

A) an event that typically precedes the target response.
B) accomplished by reinforcing closer and closer approximations of the desired response.
C) a systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning.
D) a written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a program.

Question 77

A general tendency to expect good outcomes is called

A) hardiness.
B) optimism.
C) sociability.
D) unrealistic.

Question 78

Beneficial effects of stress

A) are myths.
B) only occur when there is not a serious event such as combat or loss of a loved one.
C) result from an adaptation process initiated by the stress to make personal changes.
D) have not yet been documented.

Question 79

_____ is a disposition marked by commitment,challenge,and control that is purportedly associated with strong stress resistance.

A) Optimism
B) Pessimism
C) Hardiness
D) Social personality

Question 80

In stressful circumstances,optimists are more likely than pessimists to

A) be realistic about the situation.
B) decline any offers of social support.
C) use their most effective defense mechanisms.
D) engage in action-oriented,problem-focused coping.