Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Dr.Richards needs to determine if Bill has a specific mental disorder.Which of the following is NOT a criteria he will use?

A) Deviance
B) Nonjudgmental values
C) Personal distress
D) Maladaptive behavior

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In order for someone to be determined to have a diagnosis of a psychological disorder,which of the following applies?

A) Deviance
B) Maladaptive behavior
C) Personal distress
D) Any or all of these may apply.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A prognosis

A) is a plan for treating an illness.
B) involves distinguishing one illness from another.
C) is a forecast about the probable course of an illness.
D) refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Craig finds it difficult to pass a store without shopping.He has been shopping so much that he misses work sometimes and is neglecting his family's finances.His behavior best satisfies which of the following criteria of abnormality?

A) Deviance
B) Personal distress
C) Physical discomfort
D) Maladaptive behavior

Question 5

Although Mica always feels high levels of dread,worry,and anxiety,she still manages to meet her daily responsibilities.Which of the following conclusions regarding Mica's behavior is appropriate?

A) It should not be considered abnormal,because her adaptive functioning is not impaired.
B) It should not be considered abnormal,because everyone experiences worry and anxiety on occasion.
C) It can be considered abnormal,because she obviously feels great personal distress.
D) It can be considered abnormal,because the behavior meets the medical model.

Question 6

Carmen has gradually been becoming more and more anxious in a variety of situations.She seems to worry excessively all the time about almost everything.Which anxiety disorder is Carmen most likely to be experiencing?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Phobic disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 7

The _____ model proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

A) physiological
B) medical
C) psychosocial
D) bio-neurological

Question 8

__________ is a forecast about the probable course of an illness.

A) Diagnosis
B) Etiology
C) Prognosis
D) None of these

Question 9

Prior to the 18th century,most conceptions of abnormal behavior were based on

A) superstition,such as demons,witches,or being punished by God.
B) the idea that the person must have a disease of some type.
C) bacteria and plagues.
D) the person afflicted was just different.

Question 10

Susan,a person suffering from mood swings,goes to see a psychologist.The psychologist tells Susan his first step will be to diagnose her disorder.That means he will

A) make a forecast about the probable course of her problem.
B) distinguish one illness from another to determine the specific type of problem.
C) determine the causation and developmental history of her problem.
D) do all of these.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true regarding critics of the medical model of abnormal behavior?

A) The disease analogy continues to be useful.
B) A particularly vocal critic is Thomas Szasz.
C) The medical model's disease analogy converts moral and social questions about what is acceptable behavior into medical questions.
D) Abnormal behavior usually involves a deviation from social norms rather than an illness.

Question 12

_____ is a disorder which brings on overwhelming anxiety that usually occurs suddenly and unexpectedly.

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Phobic disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 13

_____ is the phobic response to small,enclosed places.

A) Acrophobia
B) Claustrophobia
C) Hydrophobia
D) Brontophobia

Question 14

__________ is the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.

A) Diagnosis
B) Etiology
C) Prognosis
D) None of these

Question 15

Anxiety disorders

A) consists of disorders with feelings of manic moods and anxiety.
B) will be eliminated as a diagnosis since anxiety is a normal state.
C) are quite common with roughly 19% of people experiencing an anxiety disorder.
D) All of these apply.

Question 16

Goldie was so afraid of the storm,that she could not calm herself even though the storm was merely being reported on the news and many miles away.Which anxiety disorder is Goldie most likely to be experiencing?

A) Acrophobia
B) Claustrophobia
C) Hydrophobia
D) Brontophobia

Question 17

The DSM-IV is

A) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition).
B) a diagnostic guide for psychological disorders.
C) a complex multiaxial system of classification.
D) all of these.

Question 18

The discussions over a new diagnostic and statistical manual version

A) is because the view of mental disorders has shifted away from a medical model.
B) has been very contentious and controversial.
C) removes outmoded views of treatment.
D) will add another Axis to the multiaxial system.

Question 19

The medical model of abnormal behavior

A) is the basis for many of the terms used to refer to abnormal behavior,including mental illness,psychological disorder,and psychopathology.
B) became popular during the 19th and 20th centuries.
C) is a strong influence today.
D) All of these

Question 20

Harrison took his son to the zoo.When they got to the reptile area,Harrison became so anxious that he could not go into the area.Which anxiety disorder is Harrison most likely to be experiencing?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Phobic disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) This is not a disorder because everyone is afraid of snakes and reptiles.

Question 21

Although Indy is terrified of snakes,he has no fear of guns or whips.This is explained by

A) operant conditioning.
B) preparedness and classical conditioning.
C) rejection of evolutionary theories and phobias.
D) the increased concerns about modern threats over ancient sources of threats.

Question 22

Which of the following is true of the cause of dissociative amnesia?

A) It is usually attributed to extreme stress.
B) People who react to stress in this manner have a specific gene.
C) It is related to the specific stress and brain structure.
D) All of these are true.

Question 23

In obsessive-compulsive disorder,_____ are urges and _____ are thoughts.

A) operant conditioning;classical conditioning
B) classical conditioning;operant conditioning
C) obsessions;compulsions
D) compulsions;obsessions

Question 24

_____ is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting.

A) Dissociative identity disorder
B) Dissociative amnesia
C) Dissociative memory loss
D) Dissociate disorder

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true of dissociative identity disorder?

A) It is seen more in women than men.
B) There are more documented cases now because of the ability to diagnose using brainwave technology,such as MRIs.
C) It is rare.
D) Some psychiatrists may have over diagnosed DID.

Question 26

The apparent cause and development of some anxiety disorders seems to be

A) biological.
B) cognitive.
C) stress.
D) all of these.

Question 27

The apparent cause and development of some anxiety disorders seems to be

A) a genetic predisposition.
B) related to an inhibited temperament.
C) neurochemical in basis.
D) all of these.

Question 28

Lila had forgotten what she did for a living,her family,and name.She was able to remember how to do things and what items were called.She most likely suffers from

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) dissociative amnesia.
C) schizophrenia.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 29

_____ are behavioral urges that temporarily relieve anxiety and are generally senseless rituals.

A) Compulsions
B) Obsessions
C) Phobias
D) None of these

Question 30

Dissociative disorders are

A) relatively common.
B) characterized by people having disruptions in their sense of identity through partial loss of memory or conscious awareness.
C) one of the first disorders researchers and clinicians have agreed upon as a mental disorder.
D) a type of schizophrenia.

Question 31

Sarah had become fearful of leaving the safety of her home.It got to the point where she was unable to go out to any public area.Which anxiety disorder is Sarah most likely to be experiencing?

A) Agoraphobia
B) Claustrophobia
C) Hydrophobia
D) Panic disorder

Question 32

Once a fear is acquired,the person may start avoiding the anxiety-producing stimulus.This is an example of

A) punishment.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 33

Howie has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.He has an obsession about contamination.His compulsion is most likely to be

A) checking locks repeatedly.
B) cleaning things that are already clean.
C) continuously thinking about germs.
D) being unable to stop thinking about washing his hands.

Question 34

Kristin sometimes tells people her name is Ellen.She acts very differently between calling herself Kristin and Ellen,even telling people she is two different ages.Kristin most likely suffers from

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) dissociative amnesia.
C) schizophrenia.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 35

The disorder that combines intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals is

A) panic disorder.
B) phobic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 36

Vido became very anxious whenever he saw a duck on water.Mowrer would most likely say that Vido

A) had an imbalance in GABA in his brain.
B) had an inhibited temperament.
C) had paired a frightening event with the originally neutral stimulus of seeing a duck on water.
D) had been operantly conditioned.

Question 37

Seligman labels the tendency to develop specific phobias as

A) evolutional.
B) predispositional.
C) preparedness.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a possible cognitive factor in developing an anxiety disorder?

A) misinterpreting harmless situations as threatening.
B) focusing excessive attention on perceived threats.
C) selectively recalling information that seems threatening.
D) focusing on harmful situations that seem threatening.

Question 39

Which of the following is a finding that supports the idea that anxiety disorders are stress related?

A) Correlational studies have proven cause and effect of stress with anxiety.
B) Stress and anxiety are the same thing.
C) Patients with panic disorder had experienced a dramatic increase in stress in the month prior to the onset of their disorder.
D) Stress always causes anxiety,so they must be related.

Question 40

The typical age of onset for obsessive-compulsive disorder is

A) infancy.
B) early childhood.
C) late adolescence.
D) middle-age.

Question 41

Some clinicians maintain that most cases of dissociative identity disorder are rooted in

A) early reinforcement for avoiding reality.
B) a genetic predisposition for engaging in fantasy.
C) a deficiency in certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
D) severe emotional trauma that occurred during childhood.

Question 42

Which of the following is a common behavioral symptom of a depressive episode?

A) Decreased need for sleep
B) Sense of hopelessness
C) Impaired ability to make decisions
D) Slowed speech and movement

Question 43

Billy/Bob/Joe (that is one person with these three names and individual identities)is most likely to receive the reaction of

A) pity and empathy.
B) skepticism and hostility.
C) medication.
D) immediate hospitalization.

Question 44

The basic types of mood disorders are

A) unipolar and bipolar.
B) major and minor depressions.
C) episodic and chronic.
D) anxious and depressed.

Question 45

Richard went for many days without sleep and was able to accomplish a great deal with his enthusiasm for a new project unrelated to anything he had ever done or learned about.His friends worried that he might be unrealistic and reckless with an inability to focus on one thing at a time to accomplish his new goals.Richard is most likely suffering from

A) schizophrenia.
B) unipolar disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) pessimistic friends.

Question 46

In a survey of American psychiatrists,_____ of the respondents indicated that they felt there was solid evidence for the scientific validity of the dissociative identity disorder diagnosis.

A) about one-fourth
B) about one-third
C) about one-half
D) nearly all

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a likely symptom of a depressive disorder?

A) Lack of energy
B) Inflated self-esteem
C) Losing interest in activities that were enjoyable previously
D) Reduced appetite and insomnia

Question 48

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Question 49

People with _____ experience emotional extremes at just one end of the mood continuum.

A) mood disorders
B) bipolar disorders
C) unipolar disorders
D) NOS disorders

Question 50

Which of the following is a common emotional symptom of a manic episode?

A) Social withdrawal
B) Dysphoria
C) Hyperactive
D) Unwarranted optimism

Question 51

Catherine has been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder.That means she will go through periods of excitement and elation called

A) manic/depressive.
B) conversion disorder.
C) mania.
D) depression overload

Question 52

Regarding the prevalence of depression,

A) onset is generally after age 40.
B) a large part of women's depression is due to their reproductive cycle.
C) it is about twice as high in women as it is in men.
D) men experience more depression because they are more likely to endure poverty and role constraints than women.

Question 53

Which of the following is a common cognitive symptom of a manic episode?

A) Inflated self-esteem
B) Impulsive behavior
C) Grandiose planning
D) All of these

Question 54

The line between normal and abnormal depression is

A) obvious if you are trained professional.
B) not that difficult if you remain objective.
C) difficult to draw at times.
D) is impossible because depression is on a continuum.

Question 55

Which of the following is known about the causes of dissociative identity disorder?

A) It is usually faked to get out of a legal dilemma in favor of an insanity plea.
B) People with a history of very disturbed home life,beatings,and sexual abuse will suffer from DID compared to other types of disorders.
C) It is a disease that is contracted by people with a genetic predisposition.
D) Very little

Question 56

Which of the following is likely to be true for people suffering from major depressive disorder?

A) The severity of abnormal depression varies considerably.
B) Self-esteem tends to lower.
C) People feel hopelessness and guilt.
D) All of these are true.

Question 57

Dr.No was complaining of feelings of sadness and despair.He was no longer interested in pursuing his adversary or even conducting his research.He noted that this had been going on for about one month.Dr.No is most likely suffering from

A) minor depressive disorder because it is only about a month of complaint.
B) major depressive disorder because the duration is more than a few weeks and it is disrupting his normal activities.
C) bipolar disorder because sometimes he probably feels okay.
D) no disorder because everyone can feel sadness or despair.

Question 58

_____ is marked by both depressed and manic periods.

A) Major depression
B) Schizophrenia
C) Dissociative disorder
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 59

Determining whether a depression is normal or abnormal depends upon

A) an objective analysis by a professional.
B) a subjective judgment of duration and the extent of disruption.
C) an objective judgment of societal norms.
D) a subjective judgment based on medical testing.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true of the etiology of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Some theorists believe people use a false diagnosis of DID to excuse their personal failings.
B) Many clinicians are convinced that DID is an authentic disorder.
C) Scientific interest to solve this question has increased since the mid-1990s due to public interest.
D) DID may be rooted in severe emotional childhood trauma.

Question 61

People with mood disorders

A) are permanently debilitated.
B) cannot function in normal society.
C) do well in life because people feel sorry for them and make allowances.
D) can still do well in life because mood disorders tend to be episodic.

Question 62

Joe often speaks incoherently and is experiencing a severe deterioration of adaptive behavior.These are features that characterize the ______ subtype of schizophrenia.

A) catatonic
B) paranoid
C) disorganized
D) undifferentiated

Question 63

Mood disorders have been correlated with

A) norepinephrine.
B) serotonin.
C) neurochemical changes in the brain.
D) all of these.

Question 64

_____ are a class of disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual,social,and emotional processes.

A) Major depressive disorders
B) Schizophrenic disorders
C) Anxiety disorders
D) Bipolar disorders

Question 65

Nolen-Hoeksema (2000)has found that people who _____ about their problems tend to remain depressed longer and have higher rates of depression.

A) try to distract themselves
B) engage in passive attribution
C) ruminate
D) discuss with family members

Question 66

Ted hears voices that tell him to bomb the school library.He is experiencing

A) delusions.
B) compulsions.
C) flat affect.
D) hallucinations.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT true of bipolar disorder?

A) Manic episodes may have some positive aspects.
B) Only the depressive episodes are dangerous or maladaptive.
C) Manic periods often have a negative undertow of uneasiness and irritability.
D) Mild manic episodes often escalate to higher levels that become scary and disturbing.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of the etiology of mood disorders?

A) We know quite a bit about the causes and development of them.
B) There is an interaction between psychological and biological factors.
C) There is a moderately strong link between stress and the onset of mood disorders.
D) All of these are true.

Question 69

Neurogenesis is

A) the neonatal developmental beginning of the brain.
B) the give and take of neurons between hemispheres.
C) the continuing process of new neurons generated in the adult human brain.
D) when the brain is damaged by a trauma.

Question 70

Interpersonal roots of depression include all of the following except

A) inadequate social skills.
B) attracting a supportive social network.
C) alienating others by asking for reassurances about their relationships and self-worth.
D) gravitating toward partners who view them unfavorably.

Question 71

John believed he had enemies in his neighborhood and at work.He believed he was important to the security of the nation (even though he was a Kindergarten teacher).These are features that characterize the ______ subtype of schizophrenia.

A) catatonic
B) paranoid
C) disorganized
D) undifferentiated

Question 72

Anne tends to remain completely motionless for long periods of time,during which she seems oblivious to her environment.These are features that characterize the ______ subtype of schizophrenia.

A) catatonic
B) paranoid
C) disorganized
D) undifferentiated

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT true of possible causes or contributors to mood disorders?

A) The idea that depression-prone people lack adequate social skills suggests that depression-prone people will lack friends,good jobs,and other reinforcers.
B) Depressed people tend to be pessimistic and irritable,so they breed rejection from those around them.
C) There is most likely a brain damage or malformation in the frontal lobe region of the brain.
D) Stress can affect treatment and relapses of mood disorders.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT linked to depressive mood disorders?

A) Levels of serotonin
B) Coincidental links of drugs and neurotransmitters
C) Reduced hippocampal volume
D) Reduced neurogenesis related to major life stress

Question 75

Seligman (1974)attributes depressive disorders to

A) the cognitive factor of learned helplessness.
B) an optimistic explanatory style vulnerability.
C) self-rumination.
D) a causal link with explanatory style.

Question 76

Cognitive models of depression

A) maintain that negative thinking is what leads to depression in many people.
B) cannot be adequately and ethically tested for cause and effect.
C) has been supported in longitudinal studies of college students.
D) All of these

Question 77

Beth has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.Regardless of the subtype,she is likely to experience

A) delusions.
B) flat affect or emotional volatility.
C) hallucinations.
D) all of these.

Question 78

Which is true of the age of onset for bipolar mood disorder?

A) Adolescents have a very low likelihood of onset.
B) People over middle-age are much more likely to first notice symptoms.
C) If someone seems to have an onset under 10 years old or over 70,they are misdiagnosed.
D) The peak of vulnerability for bipolar disorders is between the ages of 20 and 29.

Question 79

Which of the following seems linked to etiology of mood disorders?

A) Low levels of serotonin
B) High levels of serotonin
C) Low levels of concordance
D) High levels of hippocampal functioning

Question 80

The likelihood of developing a mood disorder influenced by genetic factors is

A) relatively strong.
B) supported by the concordance rate of twin studies.
C) most likely a predisposition for mood disorders.
D) all of these.