Deck 13: Careers and Work

Question 1

Carlos is thinking of changing majors and career choice.He should find out

A) the location of a job.
B) what day-to-day duties and responsibilities would be expected.
C) whether his friends think it is a good idea.
D) all of these.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The study of human behavior in the workplace is called

A) workforce psychology.
B) industrial/organizational psychology.
C) career-work environment psychology.
D) business psychology.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is true of most occupational interest inventories?

A) Gender bias in current occupational tests has been eliminated.
B) Gender bias is more of a concern than ethnic bias.
C) They have a gender bias,guiding women away from more prestigious "male" occupations.
D) You should dismiss the remainder of test results when you find some specific scores that you know are wrong.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons family background influences career choice?

A) Parents and children often attain similar levels of education,making them likely to have similar jobs.
B) Career attainment is related to socioeconomic status.
C) Parenting practices in middle-class homes encourage children to be curious and independent,which relates to higher-status jobs.
D) Children in lower-status families are often taught to conform and obey,which is related to higher-status jobs.

Question 5

The first step in making a successful career choice is

A) determining your financial needs.
B) getting into a good college.
C) obtaining realistic information about potential careers.
D) getting a clear grasp of your personal characteristics.

Question 6

_____ is a personal characteristic that includes getting along with peers as well as supervising them.

A) Specific aptitudes
B) Social skills
C) General intelligence
D) Interests

Question 7

Dan is wondering whether his college education will be worth the effort in terms of dollars and cents.Research provides the answer of

A) generally yes.
B) typically the higher the college degree,the higher the pay.
C) educational attainment alone does not predict who performs well in a given job setting.
D) all of these.

Question 8

Dr.Sanchez is an I/O psychologist.His goal is to

A) increase the dignity and performance of workers and the organizations where they labor.
B) help people see their jobs as merely a way to make a living so they are less stressed.
C) contact the authorities when occupational hazards are noticed.
D) train workers to put their jobs before their families.

Question 9

People spend about 10 hours per weekday of their time

A) sleeping.
B) preparing meals,interacting with media,and all other activities.
C) working and commuting.
D) doing hobbies and exercise.

Question 10

According to Moore's data on how workers view their jobs,

A) at lower annual incomes,few people work just to earn a living.
B) at lower annual incomes,few people get a sense of identity from their job.
C) the higher the annual income,the more people work just to earn a living.
D) the higher the annual income,the more people get a sense of identity from their job.

Question 11

Industrial/organizational psychologists study

A) worker motivation and satisfaction.
B) job performance.
C) occupational hazards.
D) all of these.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an important point to keep in mind when considering career options?

A) Career choice is a developmental process that extends throughout life.
B) Career decisions can be easily undone if they do not suit you.
C) There are limits to your career options.
D) You have the potential for success in a variety of occupations.

Question 13

Margie is having a great deal of difficulty balancing work and family life.Her company recommends she attend a workshop with an I/O psychologist

A) or quit her job.
B) to deal with this work-family conflict.
C) to obtain proper medication.
D) because this is very unusual and she may have other underlying problems.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about vocational choice is accurate?

A) There are limits on your career options.
B) There is one right career choice for you.
C) The primary reason to choose a specific career is salary and benefits.
D) Occupational choice is a single decision that affects you throughout your life.

Question 15

Tim is trying to choose his career.Hans gives him the bad advice to

A) keep looking for that one job that fits him perfectly.
B) be cautious about choosing a career solely on the basis of salary.
C) recognize that his career options will be limited to some extent by factors beyond his control.
D) be prepared to reevaluate his vocational decisions at various times throughout his working life.

Question 16

_____ is a personal characteristic that includes creativity,artistic talent,and mathematical ability.

A) Specific aptitudes
B) Social skills
C) General intelligence
D) Interests

Question 17

Key issues someone should know about an occupation include all of the following except

A) extrinsic job satisfaction.
B) potential status.
C) future outlook.
D) ongoing training.

Question 18

When considering the results of an occupational interest inventory,it is important to remember that

A) there is a lingering gender bias in most of them.
B) you shouldn't let the test make career decisions for you.
C) you may score high on some occupations you're sure you would dislike.
D) all of these apply.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a personal characteristic that is related to choosing an occupation?

A) Specific aptitudes
B) Social skills
C) Income
D) Interests

Question 20

The results of an occupational interest inventory are designed to

A) predict whether you would be successful in various jobs.
B) focus on recommendations for the career path you should follow.
C) measure your interests as they relate to various jobs or careers.
D) guarantee you would enjoy a career based on your interests.

Question 21

The breakdown of boundaries between home and work

A) is increasing.
B) increases work through the convenience of staying in touch with family members and friends while working.
C) allows less stress since employees can be contacted any time and any place through modern technology.
D) All of these apply.

Question 22

Yazmeen is researching job availability in the United States.You suggest she read statistics from the U.S.Bureau of Labor that will tell her

A) the U.S.is primarily a manufacturing or goods-producing country.
B) the bulk of the jobs will be in construction and building.
C) jobs in technology are declining dramatically.
D) the highest job growth will be in professional service occupations.

Question 23

According to Smith,what is the difference between old and new work attitudes?

A) Yesterday's workers had job security only as long as they could add value to a company.
B) Yesterday's workers took more active roles in shaping their careers.
C) Yesterday's workers had to skillfully market themselves to prospective employers.
D) The keys to today's job success are self-direction,flexibility,and up-to-date knowledge and skills.

Question 24

Which of the following is a demographic change in the workforce?

A) The workforce is becoming less diverse because of job discrimination.
B) Hispanic and African American workers competing for jobs are at a disadvantage because they have lower high school and college graduation rates than Asian Americans and European Americans.
C) Gay,lesbian,and bisexual workers no longer fear discrimination.
D) Male supervisors are less likely to show favoritism for heterosexuals than female supervisors.

Question 25

Who is most likely to earn an average annual income of more than $50,000?

A) Bill who has a high school diploma
B) Mary who has an associate's degree
C) Bob who has a bachelor's degree
D) Megan who has a master's degree

Question 26

Data from the U.S.Bureau of the Census indicates that

A) when men and women have a master's degree,their average annual income becomes equal.
B) men's annual income rises with education,but not women's.
C) both men and women's annual incomes rise with education,but not in equal amounts.
D) women's annual income rises with education,but not men's.

Question 27

When women and ethnic minorities enter higher-status occupations

A) high levels of management treat them equally to white men.
B) they still face discrimination by being passed over for promotion in favor of white men.
C) they often are promoted faster than white men due to equal employment opportunities.
D) the idea of a glass ceiling no longer blocks opportunities.

Question 28

Job sharing is

A) usually two people each working 20 hours per week and doing the same job.
B) a trend in 50% of organizations.
C) ideal for people who don't like to work too hard.
D) a problem for students or those winding down their careers.

Question 29

Technology has

A) both up-sides and down- sides in the workplace.
B) automated many jobs that people perform,eliminating jobs.
C) increased demands for education and skills.
D) done all of these.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT true of technology in the workplace?

A) Nearly half of organizations use some form of telecommuting.
B) Telecommuting relates to higher levels of work-family life conflict.
C) Telecommuting provides practical benefits for workers.
D) Technology allows employees to communicate with others in distant offices and while traveling.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT true of college graduates and employment?

A) About 18% of college graduates will take jobs that don't usually require a college degree.
B) College graduates will be unaffected by times of economic distress.
C) The more you learn,the more you earn.
D) Higher paying jobs go to college graduates with college-level reading,writing,and quantitative skills.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an example of modern job segregation?

A) Workers in female-dominated fields earning less than in male-dominated field
B) Concentration of white women in jobs where there is little opportunity for advancement
C) Women and minority groups working in separate cubicles from white men
D) Concentration of minority workers in jobs with little chance for increase in salary

Question 33

Increases in single-parent and dual-earner households have

A) eliminated onsite day care.
B) helped separate the boundary between work and home.
C) increased the need for quality day care.
D) reached over 70% of the workforce.

Question 34

The labor force

A) is made up of those who are employed as well as those who are unemployed but looking for work.
B) consists of everyone of legal working age.
C) refers to those who are unemployed.
D) consists of only of those who are currently employed.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a trend in the workplace?

A) Independent workers are decreasing.
B) New work attitudes are required.
C) The boundaries between work and home are breaking down.
D) Technology is changing the nature of work.

Question 36

Lifelong learning is a necessity because

A) people become less intelligent as they age.
B) in many cases work skills become obsolete over a 10- to 15-year period.
C) nearly everyone takes courses to improve their job skills and someone who does not would be left behind.
D) workers are constantly changing jobs.

Question 37

Work is

A) just a way to hear a living.
B) is a way of life.
C) an activity that produces something of value for others.
D) something you do for yourself.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true regarding people who are contracted to work independently?

A) About one-third would prefer to work for someone else than for themselves.
B) Outsourcing has driven more people to be independent workers.
C) Professional contract workers usually have low incomes.
D) Hiring independent workers keeps costs down in companies.

Question 39

_____ is settling for a job that does not fully utilize one's skills,abilities,and training.

A) Underemployment
B) Desperation employment
C) Overemployment
D) Job resignation

Question 40

Babs is the only woman employed by the lumber yard.She is

A) a token.
B) under additional performance pressure as representing all women.
C) more visible than the men.
D) all of these.

Question 41

Which of the following are common job stressors?

A) Lack of privacy,deadline pressures,lack of control over one's work
B) High noise levels,fear of being downsized,conflicts with coworkers
C) Office politics,cost or loss of health care and pension benefits
D) All of these and more

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a factor for work stress according to Keita and Hurrell?

A) More workers service industries
B) Unpredictable economy
C) Rapid changes in technology
D) Less diversity

Question 43

When job stress is temporary,such as a specific deadline pressure,a worker is most likely to

A) experience sleeplessness.
B) have poor job performance.
C) have a higher number of accidents.
D) experience burnout.

Question 44

Diversity training programs in the workplace

A) need to be carefully designed.
B) require strong support of top management to succeed.
C) can make problems worse if they blame white males or stir up feelings,but provide no ongoing support.
D) All of these

Question 45

Intervention to deal with occupational stress includes

A) the individual level,organizational level,and individual organizational interface.
B) the individual level,family level,and organizational level.
C) the individual level,the coworker level,and the family level.
D) the individual level,the coworker level,and the organizational level.

Question 46

Quid pro quo with regards to sexual harassment

A) translates as giving information to someone,but only if they tell them something personal first.
B) is one form of sexual harassment when the thing given is sexual in nature.
C) is any type of unwelcome behavior that is sexual.
D) is all of these.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of sexual harassment rates in the workplace?

A) As many male workers report having been sexually harassed as females.
B) The typical female victim is in a senior position in a feminine-stereotyped field.
C) Women in the military report rates of sexual harassment ranging from 55% to 79%.
D) All of these are true.

Question 48

Displaced workers are

A) people who have to travel for their job.
B) individuals who are working in an area in which they are not qualified.
C) individuals who are unemployed because their jobs have disappeared.
D) people who have a psychological disorder related to their job.

Question 49

John is an architect.According to Karasek's model,John's job is

A) high in decision control,moderate in psychological demand,and not one of the most stressful jobs.
B) high in decision control,low in psychological demand,and moderately stressful.
C) low in decision control,low in psychological demand,and low in stress.
D) low in decision control,high in psychological demand,and one of the most stressful.

Question 50

A hostile work environment

A) refers to a customer who is mean to a worker.
B) is one form of sexual harassment when the work situation includes unwelcome sexual behavior.
C) is used to describe a grumpy coworker.
D) refers to dangerous jobs such as firefighting.

Question 51

When management publicly speaks out about sexual harassment,

A) people usually overreact with more sexual harassment.
B) it can reduce the incidence of sexual harassment in an organization.
C) it will not affect the incidence of sexual harassment because it is characteristic of the individual,not the organization.
D) it is understood that they are just acting on legal advice without meaning it.

Question 52

Results of sexual harassment can include

A) Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
B) less commitment to work and employer.
C) reduced self-esteem and increased alcohol consumption.
D) all of these.

Question 53

According to your text,which of the following is NOT an occupational hazard for today's workers?

A) Job stress
B) Sexual harassment
C) Too much free time
D) Unemployment

Question 54

Karasek's model of occupational stress includes which key factors?

A) Psychological interpretation and physical demands
B) High stress and psychological interpretation
C) Physical demands and occupational control
D) Psychological demands and decision control

Question 55

Job stress has been linked to

A) decreased absenteeism.
B) decreased industrial accidents.
C) poor job performance.
D) lower turnover rates.

Question 56

Diane works in the customer service of a major department store.Her job is

A) less stressful because the customer is always right.
B) more stressful because most customers are decidedly difficult.
C) probably very stressful.
D) less stressful because at least she has a job.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of job burnout?

A) Exhaustion
B) Humor
C) Poor job performance
D) Depression

Question 58

What is one of the reasons an increasingly diverse workplace can be stressful?

A) Job competition is tougher.
B) People have to develop skills to interact with people who are unfamiliar.
C) People are worried about losing their jobs to someone of another gender or race.
D) People have to work more with high decision control jobs.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT related to job stress?

A) heart disease.
B) low blood pressure.
C) cancer.
D) arthritis.

Question 60

Which job is the most stressful according to Karasek?

A) Dentist
B) Cook
C) Secondary school teacher
D) Retail manager

Question 61

Benefits for multiple roles of work and family life

A) are attributed primarily to the effects of the employee role for women.
B) are attributed to men feeling less pressured for family and relationship interaction.
C) are a myth,since there are only problems associated with multiple roles.
D) are related to the increased excitement of stress.

Question 62

Workaholism

A) consists of two types of workaholics.
B) is a form of addiction.
C) may be due to dedication and single-minded pursuit of fulfillment through work.
D) is all of these.

Question 63

Successful elements to find a job include

A) targeting specific companies or organizations.
B) preparing a résumé.
C) informing the company that you are interested in a way that gets them interested in you.
D) all of these.

Question 64

Which of the following is true of both types of workaholics?

A) Love their work
B) Low job enjoyment
C) Imbalance between work and personal time
D) Perform well in high-demanding jobs

Question 65

Ben is seeking his first full-time job.The first thing he should do is

A) target specific companies or organizations.
B) prepare a résumé.
C) informing the company that you are interested in a way that gets them interested in you.
D) all of these.

Question 66

Employers seem to be cutting back on

A) flexible work schedules.
B) employee benefits.
C) family leave.
D) elder care support.

Question 67

The household most likely to experience work-family conflict is

A) the heterosexual dual-earner family.
B) the single parent family.
C) the gay dual-earner family.
D) the lesbian dual-earner family.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of a middle-aged individual losing a job?

A) It is less stressful than a young adult losing a job because the middle-aged person is close to retirement anyway.
B) It is not as stressful as for a young adult because the middle-aged person can get health insurance and other benefits from working spouses and family members.
C) It is highly stressful because middle-aged people tend to have more financial responsibilities than other age groups.
D) It is less stressful than for younger people because they won't have trouble getting a job with all the experience the middle-aged person has.

Question 69

Fabio gave Carlos some really bad advice when Carlos lost his job.Fabio told him to

A) apply for unemployment benefits right away.
B) have a garage sale.
C) tell his family and friends.
D) give up setting a realistic budget.

Question 70

Bill lost his job due to downsizing.Which of the following suggestions do you want to give him?

A) Apply for unemployment benefits as soon as possible.
B) Live on credit to make ends meet while you look for a job.
C) Don't waste time with things like exercising;your health isn't the important thing right now.
D) Don't bother your friends with your troubles.

Question 71

Dual-earner couples

A) are a relatively small percentage of households.
B) have fewer work-family conflicts than other families.
C) share roles equally.
D) juggle multiple roles.

Question 72

One reason some women temporarily opt out of the workforce or go into business for themselves is

A) work-family conflict.
B) to gain more control over their lives.
C) they had infant children and long work hours.
D) due to all of these.

Question 73

A work-family conflict refers to

A) occurs when worker bring their children into the work setting.
B) conflicts between families that have members who work together.
C) a conflict management style that includes families in the work dialog.
D) the feeling of being pulled in multiple directions by competing demands from the job and family.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT true regarding attaining a job?

A) Avoid making jokes or injecting humor.
B) Technical qualifications are the main factor in determining the success of your job search.
C) Conduct a job search using multiple sources.
D) Employment agencies are not the best source for high-level professional jobs.

Question 75

The best résumé

A) projects a positive,yet conservative image.
B) is on high-quality white,ivory,or beige paper.
C) avoids information unrelated to the job.
D) is all of these.

Question 76

In heterosexual dual-earner families,

A) men are taking on more household chores and child care.
B) women still have greater responsibilities for household chores and child care.
C) they are likely to experience work-family conflict.
D) all of these apply.

Question 77

Compared to other dual-earner families,gay and lesbian dual-earner households

A) focus more on work scheduling and time conflict issues.
B) do not have to worry about juggling multiple roles.
C) are the most likely to have work-family conflict.
D) divide responsibilities more evenly.

Question 78

The purpose of a résumé is to

A) get you a job.
B) get you an interview.
C) explain everything about your interests and job history.
D) be flashy or gimmicky to get more attention.

Question 79

Ramon works long hours and feels driven to do well in his job.He is not that satisfied with his job.Ramon is

A) a non-enthusiastic workaholic.
B) avoiding burnout.
C) an enthusiastic workaholic.
D) balanced in his life.

Question 80

Kaitlyn is often absorbed in her work.She is very satisfied with her work and performs well in a demanding job.Kaitlyn is

A) more likely to develop burnout.
B) a non-enthusiastic workaholic.
C) an enthusiastic workaholic.
D) balanced in her life.