Deck 22: Genetics and Genetically Linked Diseases

Question 1

Down syndrome is sometimes referred to as trisomy 21.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is a causative factor in the abnormal development of sexual organs?​

A) ​An extra chromosome exists.
B) ​Sex chromosomes do not split apart when gametes are formed.
C) ​The genes for sexual development are missing.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Most inherited mutated genes pass on a beneficial characteristic.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

____________________ is the branch of biology that studies how the genes are transmitted from parents to offspring.​

Question 5

A(n)____________________ disorder is caused by a variation in the genetic pattern.​

Question 6

What is chorionic villi sampling?​

A) ​Diagnostic test in which fetal cells are removed from the placenta and examined
B) ​Test performed on amniotic fluid to identify potential disorders
C) ​Questionnaire used in genetic counseling to create a family history
D) ​Test given to newborn infants to identify the presence of phenylketonuria

Question 7

Radiation and the chemical benzene are examples of _________________________ agents.​

Question 8

A mutagenic agent _____.​

A) ​helps prevent mutations
B) ​causes mutations in many cells at the same time
C) ​slows down the rate of mutation
D) ​increases the occurrence of mutations

Question 9

When parents share similar gene pools,their chances of having spontaneous abortions and stillbirths increase.​

Question 10

Skin cells that undergo random changes as a person ages provide an example of a(n)_____ mutation.​

A) ​chromosomal
B) ​gene
C) ​somatic
D) ​inherited

Question 11

____________________ is the term for a change that occurs in the nucleus of gametes,and is passed on to the next generation.​

Question 12

____________________ is a sex-linked blood disorder passed on the X chromosome.​

Question 13

A genetic disorder is the same as a congenital disorder.​

Question 14

What is the purpose of a determining a person's genotype?​

A) ​Finding possible cures for genetic disorders
B) ​Mapping all the genes of the human body
C) ​Predicting the possibility of a genetic disorder
D) ​Locating common sites of genetic mutations

Question 15

Genetic counseling is recommended for women who are pregnant after age 40.​

Question 16

______________________________ helps prospective parents make informed decisions about having children.​

Question 17

_________________________ is a disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and pneumonia.​

Question 18

Intentionally introducing new characteristics or attributes into an organism is known as genetic engineering.​

Question 19

A major factor that must be overcome for gene therapy to become an effective treatment option is _____.​

A) ​identifying techniques to correct faulty genes
B) ​lack of information about human genetic material
C) ​the body's natural immune response

Question 20

Lethal genes can cause death at any time during the human life cycle,from the zygote stage to a mature adult human being.​

Question 21

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​inability to produce a substance necessary for blood clotting

Question 22

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​abnormal gene causes deterioration of the central nervous system

Question 23

The probable reason why certain genetic diseases are more common among specific ethnic groups is that the group members share a similar _________________________.​

Question 24

​The technique for correcting defective genes that cause disease is called ______________________________.

Question 25

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​excretion of thick mucus that blocks the respiratory passages

Question 26

It is estimated that everyone carries two or three recessive ____________________ genes.​

Question 27

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​missing enzyme causes brain damage that results in mental and motor deterioration

Question 28

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​anemia accompanied by enlargement of the spleen and possible congestive heart disease

Question 29

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​presence of an extra chromosome,which causes certain physical malformations and some degree of mental retardation

Question 30

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​a chromosomal nondisjunction that results in abnormal female sexual development

Question 31

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​metabolic disorder that disrupts normal brain development

Question 32

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​abnormality of red blood cells interfering with ability to carry oxygen

Question 33

The ____________________ is a small functional unit of DNA that carries instructions for cellular synthesis of a specific protein.​

Question 34

The modification of genes outside an organism's natural reproductive process is called ______________________________.​

Question 35

Match each disorder with its description.​
a.​phenylketonuria
b.​sickle cell anemia
c.​Tay-Sachs disease
d.​Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
e.​Huntington's disease
f.​cystic fibrosis
g.​thalassemia
h.​hemophilia
i.​Down syndrome
j.Turner's syndrome
​impairment of skeletal muscles in which their fibers are replaced with fat and connective tissue