Deck 23: The Chemistry of the Transition Elements

Question 1

If an element can be obtained profitably from a mineral,the mineral is called a(n)_____.

A) gangue
B) ore
C) slag
D) roast
E) alloy

Answer 1

ore

Question 2

Which of the following ions is responsible for the red color of ruby (gemstone)?

A) Mn²⁺
B) Zr⁴⁺
C) Pd²⁺
D) Cr³⁺
E) Ti⁴⁺

Answer 2

Cr³⁺

Question 3

Ores are often found mixed with impurities,such as sand and clay.In metallurgy,these impurities are called _____.

A) gangue
B) alloys
C) slag
D) roasts
E) precipitates

Answer 3

gangue

Question 4

What is the maximum oxidation state expected for vanadium?

A) +5
B) +2
C) +3
D) +6
E) +4

Question 5

The product of the oxidation of iron in most soil in the absence of excess oxygen is black magnetite.The chemical formula of this compound is ____.

A) FeO
B) FeO₂
C) Fe₂O₃
D) Fe₃O₂
E) Fe₃O₄

Question 6

Which of the following salts would not be expected to have unpaired d-electrons?

A) NiCl₂
B) CoCl₂
C) MnCl₂
D) TiCl₃
E) ZnCl₂

Question 7

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the transition metals?

A) variable oxidation state
B) compounds that contain their ions are often colored
C) valence electrons in a d subshell
D) high electronegativity
E) the ability to form complex ions

Question 8

Which element has the following ground state electron configuration? 3d 4s
[Ar]

A) Ti
B) Fe
C) V
D) Co
E) Ni

Question 9

The calcium silicate formed in the blast furnace reduction of iron ore is called ____.

A) charge
B) gangue
C) pig iron
D) flux
E) slag

Question 10

What is the total number of electrons in p orbitals in a ground-state cobalt atom?

A) 6
B) 18
C) 12
D) 24
E) 30

Question 11

Which element has the highest density?

A) Zn
B) Y
C) Os
D) Fe
E) Ag

Question 12

Which of the following elements has the ground state electron configuration [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁶6s².

A) Iridium
B) Tantalum
C) Osmium
D) Ruthenium
E) Gold

Question 13

Which of the following pairs of d-block metals will have approximately the same atomic radii owing to the lanthanide contraction?

A) Iron and ruthenium
B) Ruthenium and rhodium
C) Ruthenium and osmium
D) Osmium and iridium
E) Cobalt and nickel

Question 14

How many unpaired electrons are found in the ground state electron configuration of bohrium (Bh)?

A) 5
B) 0
C) 1
D) 2
E) 3

Question 15

Iron,_____,and sulfur form the reactive portion of nitrogenase,a biological catalyst used by nitrogen-fixing organisms.

A) calcium
B) cobalt
C) zinc
D) cadmium
E) molybdenum

Question 16

Which element from the first transition series does NOT react with hydrochloric acid?

A) titanium
B) chromium
C) cobalt
D) nickel
E) copper

Question 17

Which of the following is not a transition-metal?

A) scandium
B) gold
C) vanadium
D) silver
E) magnesium

Question 18

Consider the ions Co²⁺,Mn²⁺,and Fe³⁺.Which among them has/have an [Ar]3d⁵ electron configuration?

A) Co²⁺ only
B) Mn²⁺ only
C) Fe³⁺ only
D) Co²⁺ and Fe³⁺
E) Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺

Question 19

Which of the following is the valence shell orbital box notation for the ground state electron configuration of Mn? 3d 4s

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 20

The white in most white paints comes from ________.

A) TiO₂
B) CdS
C) Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ ⋅14 H₂O
D) KMnO₄
E) AgI

Question 21

How many donor atoms are present in the ligand shown below? (Not all lone pairs of electrons are explicitly shown.)

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
E) Six

Question 22

Which of the following is the coordination number of the transition metal ion in the complex [Cu(NH₃)₆]Cl₂?

A) Six
B) Two
C) Four
D) Three
E) Eight

Question 23

All of the following metals are found in nature as free elements except _____.

A) iridium
B) gold
C) platinum
D) titanium
E) rhodium

Question 24

How many d electrons are present on the metal ion in the complex ion PtCl₆^2-?

A) 8
B) 2
C) 6
D) 4
E) 3

Question 25

The flexibility,strength,hardness,and malleability of carbon steel is affected by a heating and cooling process called ____.

A) tempering
B) flotation
C) reduction
D) oxidation
E) recrystallization

Question 26

All of the following metals are generally found in nature as either oxides or sulfides,EXCEPT ____.

A) Fe
B) Au
C) Ni
D) Cr
E) Hg

Question 27

When 7.9 moles of [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂ is dissolved in water,how many moles of ions are in solution?

A) 71
B) 24
C) 4.9
D) 2.6
E) 5.9

Question 28

Copper ores are enriched to increase the percentage of copper by a process called _____.

A) electrolysis
B) flotation
C) roasting
D) tempering
E) filtering

Question 29

Which of the following is the oxidation number of molybdenum in the complex [Mo(H₂O)₅OH]Cl₂?

A) +1
B) +2
C) +3
D) +4
E) +6

Question 30

Which of the following sets of elements or compounds are used to reduce iron(III)oxide (Fe2O3)to impure iron in a blast furnace?

A) Hydrogen(g)and carbon(s)
B) Chlorine(g)and carbon dioxide(g)
C) Carbon(s)and carbon monoxide(g)
D) Calcium silicate(s)and calcium oxide(s)
E) Carbon dioxide(g)and calcium oxide(s)

Question 31

All of the following molecules or ions can act as polydentate ligands EXCEPT ____.

A) phenanthroline; C₁₂H₈N₂
B) acetylacetate ion; CH₃COCHCOCH₃^-
C) oxalate ion; C₂O₄^2-
D) ethylenediamine; H₂NCH₂CH₂NH2
E) dimethylamine; (CH₃)₂NH₂

Question 32

The iron obtained from the blast furnace contains significant impurities of carbon,phosphorus,and sulfur and is called ____.

A) steel
B) pig iron
C) cast iron
D) slag
E) molten iron

Question 33

Which of the following will not as a ligand to a transition metal cation?

A) H₂
B) NH₄₊
C) NH₃
D) Cl−
E) F⁻

Question 34

What is the coordination number of the chromium in [Cr(phen)₃]³⁺? The phen ligand is pictured below.Not all ligand lone pairs of electrons are explicitly shown.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 35

The iron produced in a blast furnace contains significant impurities of carbon,phosphorus,and sulfur.These impurities are removed in a basic oxygen furnace,which converts the impurities to ________.

A) CO₂,P₄O₁₀,and SO₂
B) CS₂ and P₄S₃
C) H₂CO₃,H₃PO₄,and H₂SO₃
D) H₂CO₃,H₃PO₄,and H₂SO₄
E) CH₄,PH₃,and H₂S

Question 36

Ions such as [Co(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and [Ag(CN)₂]^- are called ____.

A) ligands
B) Lewis bases
C) chelates
D) alloys
E) coordination complexes

Question 37

In which one of the following is the oxidation state of the underlined metal incorrect? Complex Ion Oxidation State of Underlined Metal

A) [Mn(en)₂(F)(I)]NO₃ +3
B) [Pt(NH₃)₂(Cl)₂]Cl₂ +2
C) K₃[Co(NO₂)₆ +3
D) K₃[Fe(CN)₆] +3
E) [Cr(en)₃]₂(SO₄)₃ +3

Question 38

Most copper minerals are mined as ________.

A) fluorides
B) sulfides
C) oxides
D) nitrates
E) silicates

Question 39

In which of the following complexes does the transition metal have a d⁸ configuration?

A) Cu(H₂O)₆²⁺
B) Fe(CN)₆^3-
C) Ni(CO)₄
D) PtCl₄^2-
E) Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺

Question 40

The only compound containing copper in an ore is chalcopyrite,CuFeS₂.If a 91.0 g-sample of this ore contains 15.0 % of copper,what is the percentage of CuFeS₂ in the sample?

A) 16.5%
B) 4.73%
C) 0.433%
D) 39.4%
E) 60.6%

Question 41

What is the name of the compound having the formula [Cr(en)₂(H₂O)₂]SO₄?

A) dihydroxydiethlyenediamminechromate(II)sulfate
B) diaquabis(ethylenediamine)sulfatochromate(IV)
C) bis(ethylenediamine)diaquachromium(II)sulfato
D) diaquabis(ethylenediamine)sulfatochromium(II)
E) diaquabis(ethylenediamine)chromium(II)sulfate

Question 42

In an octahedral complex,electrons in and orbitals experience a greater repulsion from the lone pairs of electrons on ligands because these orbitals

A) contain more electrons than the other three d orbitals.
B) each contain one unpaired electron.
C) are oriented directly toward the incoming ligand electron pairs.
D) are located a greater distance from the metal ion nucleus.
E) are roughly spherical in shape,much like an s orbital.

Question 43

What is a general formula for octahedral complexes that exhibit mer - fac isomerism? (M = metal; A,B and C = ligands)

A) MA₅B
B) MA₄B₂
C) MA₃B₃
D) MA₆
E) MA₂B₂C₂

Question 44

Identify the orbital shown below.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 45

Below is a list of formulas for complex compounds; each is matched with its name.One formula / name combination contains an error.Which one? Formula / Name

A) [Co(en)₂Br₂]Br / dibromobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)bromide
B) [Fe(NH₃)₅(OH₂)]Cl₃ / pentaammineaquairon(III)chloride
C) K₃[Co(NO₂)₆] / potassium hexanitrocobaltate(III)
D) [Cr(NH₃)₃(OH)₃] / triamminetrihydroxochromate(III)
E) [Ni(en)₃](NO₃)₂ / tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)nitrate

Question 46

What is the formula for potassium diamminetetrachlorovanadate(III)?

A) [KV(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
B) K₂[V(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
C) K[V(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
D) [KV(NH₃)₂]Cl₄
E) K[V(NH₃)₂]Cl₄

Question 47

Which of the following complex ions has an optical isomer?

A) [Cu(CN)₄]^2-
B) [Zn(phen)₂]²⁺
C) [Zn(NH₃)₂en]²⁺
D) [Co(H₂O)₄en]²⁺
E) [Ni(en)₃]²⁺

Question 48

How many geometric isomers may exist for the square-planar complex ion [Pt(OH)₂(NH₃)₂]^2-?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 49

Which of the following coordination compounds will immediately form a precipitate when combined with an AgNO₃ solution?

A) K[Cr(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
B) K₃[Cr(CN)₆]
C) [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl₃
D) [Cr(NH₃)₂(H₂O)Cl₃]
E) [Cr(NH₃)₃Cl₃]

Question 50

Which of the following pairs of coordination compounds are coordination isomers?

A) [Cr(H₂O)₆]SO₄ and [Cr(NH₃)₆]SO₄
B) [Cr(NH₃)₅Cl]SO₄ and [Cr(NH₃)₅SO₄]Cl
C) [Co(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]Cl₂ and [Co(NH₃)₂(H₂O)₄]Cl₂
D) [Cr(NH₃)₆](NO₃)₂ and [Fe(NH₃)₆](NO₃)₃
E) [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ and [Fe(H₂O)₆]Cl₂

Question 51

What is the formula for dicyanobis(ethylenediamine)zirconium(IV)nitrate? (en = ethylenediamine)

A) Zr[(CN)₂(NO₃)₂(en)₂]
B) [Zr(CN)₂(NO₃)₂(en)₂]
C) (NO₃)₂[Zr(CN)₂(en)₂]
D) [Zr(CN)₂(en)₂](NO₃)₂
E) [Zr(NO₃)₂(en)₂](CN)₂

Question 52

Which of the following species have geometric isomers: [Fe(en)Cl₄]^-,[Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺,and [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺?

A) [Fe(en)Cl₄]^- only
B) [Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺ only
C) [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺ only
D) [Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺ and [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺
E) [Fe(en)Cl₄]^-,[Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺,and [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺

Question 53

All of the following statements concerning ligand field theory are true EXCEPT

A) in low-spin complexes,electrons are concentrated in the d_xy,d_yz,and d_xz orbitals.
B) in an isolated atom or ion,the five d orbitals have identical energy.
C) low-spin complexes contain the maximum number of unpaired electrons.
D) the crystal field splitting is larger in low-spin complexes than high-spin complexes.
E) the energy difference between d orbitals often corresponds to an energy of visible light.

Question 54

Below is a list of complex ions and their structures.Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched? Complex Ion Structure

A) [CoCl₆]³⁻ Trigonal bipyramidal
B) [Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺ Tetrahedral
C) [NiCl₄]²⁻ Tetrahedral
D) [Au(CN)₂]− Linear
E) [Co(CN)₆]³⁻ Octahedral

Question 55

Which of the following complexes has linkage isomers?

A) [Ni(H₂O)₄Cl₂]Cl
B) [Ni(NH₃)₄Cl₂]NO₂
C) [Ni(H₂O)₅(SCN)]SO₄
D) [Ni(H₂O)₅Cl](SCN)₂
E) [Ni(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl

Question 56

What is the formula for the pentaamminehydroxochromium(III)ion?

A) [Cr(NH₃)₅(OH)₅]²⁺
B) [Cr(NH₃)₅(OH)₅]^3-
C) [Cr(NH₃)₅(OH)]²⁺
D) [Cr(NH₃)₅(OH)]⁺
E) [Cr(NH₃)(OH)₅]^3-

Question 57

What is the correct formula for sodium tetrachlorocuprate(II)?

A) Na₃[CuCl₄]
B) Na₂[CuCl₄]
C) Na[CuCl₄]
D) Na₄[CuCl₄]
E) Na₂[CuCl₆]

Question 58

Which of the following may act as an ambidentate ligand,forming coordination isomers known as linkage isomers?

A) NH₃
B) OH^-
C) SO₄^2-
D) CO
E) H₂S

Question 59

The chemical formula of _____ is K₂[PtCl₄].

A) potassium chloroplatinate(II)
B) potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II)
C) potassium chloroplatinate(IV)
D) potassium platanotetrachlorate(II)
E) dipotassium tetrachloroplatnum(II)

Question 60

What is the name of the compound having the formula [Ru(CO)₆](ClO₄)₃?

A) hexacarbonmonoxideruthenium(III)perchlorate
B) hexacarbonmonoxideruthenium(II)chloro tetroxide
C) trichloratehexacarbonylruthenate(III)
D) hexacarbonylruthenium(II)chlorate
E) hexacarbonylruthenium(III)perchlorate

Question 61

What is the number of unpaired electrons in an octahedral,low-spin Mn(II)complex?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 62

All of the following complexes will be colored (in the visible)EXCEPT ____.

A) [Co(en)₃]²⁺
B) [Fe(CN)₆]^4-
C) [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺
D) [Sc(NH₃)₆]³⁺
E) [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺

Question 63

If an octahedral Fe+2 complex is diamagnetic,which of the following sets of conditions best describes the complex?

A) Low spin and small Δ_ο
B) High spin and large Δ_ο
C) Low spin and large Δ_ο
D) High spin and small Δ_ο
E) None of these

Question 64

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in a Cu+2 tetrahedral complex.

A) Zero
B) One
C) Two
D) Three
E) Four

Question 65

The period 6 transition metals have greater densities than either the period 4 or 5 transition metals.An explanation concerns the 4f orbitals,which are filled with electrons just prior to the 5d orbitals.As the 4f orbitals are filled,the radii of the elements decrease.The decrease in size is referred to as the ________ contraction.

Question 66

Which of the following statements concerning octahedral coordination complexes is not correct?

A) Strong field ligands produce large octahedral ligand field splittings.
B) Weak field ligands produce high spin complexes.
C) Halide ions are strong field ligands.
D) Weak field ligands result in relatively small values for Δ_o.
E) A relatively large value for Δ_o causes a complex ion to absorb relatively high energy (shorter wavelength)light.

Question 67

Which of the following d-block ion electron configurations may be high spin or low spin when placed in an octahedral ligand field?

A) [Ar]3d¹
B) [Ar]3d⁹
C) [Ar]3d²
D) [Ar]3d⁴
E) [Ar]3d⁸

Question 68

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in an octahedral,high-spin Cr(II)complex.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 69

EDTA^4-,a hexadentate ligand,is most effective at chelating metal ions when the pH is greater than 12. Explain why low pH decreases the chelating ability of the ligand.

Question 70

One method of recovering metals from their ores involves aqueous solutions; a second method involves heat.The method involving heat is called ________.

Question 71

Which of the following cations would be expected to be colorless in aqueous solution?

A) Cu²⁺
B) Mn³⁺
C) Cr⁴⁺
D) Ni²⁺
E) Ag⁺

Question 72

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in the tetrahedral complex ion [Co(NH₃)₄]²⁺.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 73

The spectrochemical series is an arrangement of

A) ligands in order of their tendency to split the d orbitals of a transition metal ion.
B) coordination compounds in order of increasing octahedral ligand field splitting.
C) complex ions in order of the wavelength of light absorbed.
D) ligands in the order of electronegativity.
E) ligands in order of Lewis basicity.

Question 74

Which of the following is the name of the complex [Cu(NH3)4]SO4?

A) Tetraaminecopper(II)sulfate
B) Tetraaminecopper(III)sulfate
C) Tetrasulfatecopper(II)amine
D) Tetrasulfatecopper(III)amine
E) Tetraaminemonosulfatecopper(II)

Question 75

The complex ion [NiCl₄]^2- is paramagnetic,but the complex ion [Ni(NH₃)₄]²⁺ is diamagnetic.Why do the magnetic properties of these two nickel complexes differ?

Question 76

As bound ligands,which of the following causes the largest splitting of d-orbitals?

A) phen
B) H₂O
C) I^-
D) CN^-
E) C₂O₄^2-

Question 77

The spectrochemical series is CN^- > NO₂^- > en > NH₃ > H₂O > OH^- > F^- >Cl^- > Br^- >I^-
Which of the following complexes will absorb visible light of the shortest wavelength?

A) [Co(H₂O)₆]³⁺
B) [Co(I)₆]^3-
C) [Co(OH)₆]^3-
D) [Co(en)₃]³⁺
E) [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺

Question 78

Phenanthroline (C₁₂H₈N₂)can bind to metal ions using both its ammine groups.It is referred to as a(n)________ ligand,meaning it is "two-toothed."

Question 79

Which of the following is the number of unpaired electrons in an octahedral high-spin Co+3 complex

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Five