Deck 29: Drugs Used to Treat Upper Respiratory Disease

Question 1

Which action(s)is/are true of antihistamines? (Select all that apply.)

A) Reduce inflammation locally.
B) Antagonize H₁ receptors.
C) May be administered orally.
D) Are systemically distributed.
E) Reduce nasal congestion.

Answer 1

Reduce inflammation locally.
Antagonize H₁ receptors.
May be administered orally.
Are systemically distributed.

Question 2

Which is a serious adverse effect of decongestants?

A) Hypotension
B) Hypertension
C) Orbital edema
D) Facial flushing

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

The nurse is teaching a patient about the administration of antihistamines.The nurse will instruct the patient to take the medication at what time of day?

A) PRN throughout the day
B) After contact with an allergen
C) 45 minutes before exposure to an allergen
D) Once nasal congestion begins

Answer 3

45 minutes before exposure to an allergen

Question 4

What process in the antigen-antibody reaction causes the symptoms of allergies?

A) Release of antihistamines
B) Production of antibodies
C) Suppression of histamine
D) Release of histamine

Question 5

Which patient(s)would be able to take an alpha-adrenergic decongestant safely? (Select all that apply.)

A) 24-year-old woman with allergic rhinitis
B) 18-year-old man with cold symptoms
C) 64-year-old woman with a history of heart disease
D) 70-year-old woman with glaucoma
E) 56-year-old man with prostatic hypertrophy

Question 6

The nurse is providing counseling to a patient on cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom)nasal spray.Information relayed to the patient will include that: (Select all that apply.)

A) cromolyn must be taken immediately following exposure to the stimulus.
B) the patient should blow the nose before nasal instillation.
C) therapeutic effects are immediate.
D) inhalation will cause coughing.
E) the maximum is six sprays in each nostril daily.

Question 7

Which principle(s)will the nurse include in a teaching plan for antihistamine therapy? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is typical to experience an increase in energy.
B) Dietary fiber and fluids should be increased.
C) Do not take with prescription medications unless approved by a physician.
D) Blurred vision is an expected adverse effect.
E) Over-the-counter (OTC)medications are safe to use with any currently prescribed prescription medications.

Question 8

A patient at sports camp is complaining of itchy and watery eyes,coughing,and sneezing when outdoors.The patient's chart states that he has an allergy to grasses.Which medication will the nurse administer?

A) Antitussive
B) Expectorant
C) Antihistamine
D) Decongestant

Question 9

What initiates the sneeze reflex?

A) Stimulation of the vagus nerve
B) Irritation of the nasal mucosa by foreign particulate matter
C) Stimulation of the tonsils
D) Enervation of the olfactory cranial nerve

Question 10

The nurse is preparing education for a patient who has developed rebound nasal congestion resulting from use of topical decongestants.What information will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A) For future topical decongestant use,follow the dosage directions daily.Do not overuse.
B) Stop the topical decongestant at once.
C) A decrease in congestion will occur immediately.
D) Nasal steroid solutions can be used but may take several days to reduce inflammation and congestion.
E) Use nasal saline spray to moisturize irritated mucosa.

Question 11

What can result if a patient overuses topical decongestants?

A) Hypertensive crisis
B) Allergic reaction
C) Secondary congestion
D) Permanent olfactory damage

Question 12

A college student is being seen at an outpatient clinic with reports of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.The healthcare provider orders fexofenadine.When providing information regarding this medication,the nurse will include statements indicating that:

A) fexofenadine is one of the least sedating antihistamines.
B) tolerance will not develop.
C) antihistamines are more effective if taken after histamine is released.
D) histamine release will be prevented by this medication.

Question 13

Which topically active aerosol steroids are highly effective for reducing sneezing,nasal itching,stuffiness,and rhinorrhea? (Select all that apply.)

A) Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)
B) Prednisone (Deltasone)
C) Fluticasone (Flonase)
D) Flunisolide (Nasarel)
E) Budesonide (Rhinocort Aqua)

Question 14

The clinic nurse is assessing a patient being seen for a severe allergic reaction to environmental allergens.Which symptom should the nurse prioritize as the most important?

A) Hypotension
B) Urticaria
C) Dyspnea
D) Rhinorrhea

Question 15

Which medication may be given to patients with allergic seasonal rhinitis who do not respond to antihistamines and sympathomimetics?

A) Leukotrienes
B) Mineralocorticoids
C) Corticosteroids
D) Cortisol

Question 16

What occurs in the nasal structures when cholinergic fibers are stimulated?

A) Dryness of mucous membranes in the nostrils
B) Bleeding in the mucous membranes in the nostrils
C) Production of serous and mucous secretions in the nostrils
D) Enhanced olfactory perception in the mucous membranes of the nostrils

Question 17

When does allergic rhinitis occur? (Select all that apply.)

A) Nasal mucosa become inflamed.
B) Exposure as a result of an allergen produces inflammation.
C) Histamine is released following allergen exposure.
D) The weather is cold during the winter.
E) A person has an initial exposure to an antigen.

Question 18

Which instruction will the nurse include when teaching a patient with seasonal rhinitis and blocked nasal passages about intranasal corticosteroid therapy?

A) "Clear your nasal passage after administration."
B) "Anticipate a therapeutic benefit within 24 hours."
C) "Use a decongestant prior to administration."
D) "Report nasal burning to your healthcare provider."