Deck 9: Charismatic and Transformational Leadership

Question 1

Charisma is something found solely in the leader as a psychological phenomenon.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Typically, all charismatic leaders are good leaders.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The increased environmental turbulence, uncertainty, and global competition over the last two decades has resulted in less interest in charismatic and transformational leadership.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Charisma is capable of creating both positive and negative results.

Question 5

Max Weber used the term "charisma" to explain a form of influence based on traditional or legal-rational authority systems.

Question 6

Charisma is a trait that cannot be acquired through training.

Question 7

One method for differentiating between positive and negative charisma is in terms of the values and personality of the leader.

Question 8

The charismatic leader is seen as an object of identification by followers who try to emulate his or her behavior.

Question 9

Charismatic leaders receive their followers' acceptance conditional on receiving some external reward such as money or financial gain.

Question 10

Followers of charismatic leaders assume greater risk than they would under other types of leaders.

Question 11

Since charismatic leaders arise out of stressful conditions, they are perceived as having a less positive personality.

Question 12

The self-glorification motive is based on self-confidence and self-enhancement.

Question 13

Charismatic people are direct rather than indirect in their approach, so that there is no ambiguity about their position on issues.

Question 14

The charismatic leader's expertise lies in his or her being persuasiveness in influencing followers that change for the better because of the likelihood of success.

Question 15

Followers of charismatic leaders tend to assume greater risk than they would with other types of followers.

Question 16

Most people agree that charisma is capable of producing only positive outcomes.

Question 17

Suggested strategies for acquiring charismatic qualities are to develop visionary skills in college courses and to practice being candid and forthright.

Question 18

People such as Adolf Hitler and Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group, are examples of leaders who were born with charisma.

Question 19

Max Weber believed that charismatic leadership is born out of stressful situations.

Question 20

While there are multiple viewpoints, most theorists view a leader's charisma as a function of followers' perceptions of leader attributes influenced by leader characteristics and behavior, but not by the context.

Question 21

Charismatic leaders empower followers by building their self-interest.

Question 22

Transformational leaders are brought into an organization to keep the status quo.

Question 23

Charismatic leaders tend to have a high risk orientation.

Question 24

The transformational leadership process revolves around the leader-member exchange (LMX).

Question 25

Many charismatic leaders shy away from stories and metaphors and communicate in straightforward ways.

Question 26

Two basic differences between charismatic and transformational leadership theories are the qualities that describe the two types of leaders and the influencing behaviors they exhibit.

Question 27

Vision is the ability to imagine different and better conditions and the ways to achieve them.

Question 28

Charismatic leaders such as Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group, frequently promote themselves and their vision.

Question 29

Charismatic leaders most often use position power to motivate followers.

Question 30

The four stage transformation process includes the transformational leader's ability to maintain the status quo.

Question 31

The socialized charismatic leader is one who possesses an egalitarian, self-transcendent, and empowering personality.

Question 32

Transformational leaders are viewed as visionaries while transactional leaders are viewed as task and reward oriented.

Question 33

Personalized charismatic leaders use rewards and punishment to manipulate and control followers.

Question 34

Between the socialized charismatic leader (SCL) and the personalized charismatic leader (PCL), the PCL uses charisma for the benefit of others.

Question 35

The first step of the transformation process is to inspire a shared vision.

Question 36

Negative charismatic leaders emphasize personal identification rather than internalization.

Question 37

Transactional leadership mostly caters to followers' self-interest, and transformational leadership inspires followers to go beyond their own self-interests.

Question 38

A primary difference between a charismatic and transformational leader is that the former articulates a visions of the future that is better than the present.

Question 39

Transformational leadership focuses largely on follower attributions rather than on the leader's vision.

Question 40

Transactional leadership behavior has a greater positive effect on follower moral development identity than does transformational leadership behavior.

Question 41

Bass and Avilio have proposed that transformational leadership is composed of four behavior dimensions, the 4 "I"s of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation.

Question 42

Transactional leaders challenge followers to think "outside of the box."

Question 43

Stewardship is leadership that transcends self-interest to serve the needs of others, by helping them grow professionally and emotionally.

Question 44

Transformational leaders such as Herb Kelleher, former CEO of Southwest Airlines, is a leader known for inspiring his employees with more conventional and formal approaches to leading.

Question 45

Steward and servant leadership; have also been described as values-based leadership.

Question 46

Stewardship is realized when authority and decision making are centralized.

Question 47

Stewardship works best when there is perceived equality between leaders and followers.

Question 48

All charismatic leaders are transformational, but not all transformational leaders are charismatic.

Question 49

Stewardship empowers followers to make decisions and to have control over their jobs while servant leadership helps them to grow professionally and personally.

Question 50

The same leader may use both transformational and transactional leadership.

Question 51

The hallmark of servant leadership is the desire to help others.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is (are) true of charisma.

A) It has been called "a fire that ignites followers".
B) It is relational in nature.
C) It is found solely in the leader as a psychological phenomenon.
D) It is a social relationship between the leader and the follower.
E) a, b, and d

Question 53

Mark Zuckerburg, founder and CEO of Facebook, is considered to be more of a charismatic leader than a transformational leader because of his extraverted personality.

Question 54

Helping others discover their inner spirit is an example of a servant leader's role.

Question 55

Transactional leadership serves to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and a compelling vision of what a new organization could be.

Question 56

Unlike other types of leaders, charismatic leaders use referent power and expert power to influence followers.

Question 57

Stewardship calls for the highest level of selflessness.

Question 58

Transformational leadership is also referred to contingent reward leadership.

Question 59

Transactional leadership occurs when managers give monthly bonuses to salespeople for meeting and exceeding their monthly sales quotas.

Question 60

The Greek word charisma means:

A) "extraordinary quality."
B) "divinely inspired gift."
C) "exceptional ability."
D) "attribute of wisdom."

Question 61

Transactional leaders are described as all of the following EXCEPT:

A) structured.
B) passive.
C) reward-oriented.
D) influential.

Question 62

Max Weber and the term "charisma" to explain a form of influence based on:

A) traditional authority systems.
B) follower perceptions.
C) leader-member exchange.
D) legal-rational authority systems.

Question 63

Which of the following statements about noncharismatic leaders is NOT true?

A) Noncharismatic leaders essentially agree with the status quo and strive to maintain it.
B) The behavior of the noncharismatic leader is seen as standard and conforming to existing norms.
C) The noncharismatic leader's expertise lies in using available or conventional means to achieve existing goals.
D) a, b, and c

Question 64

Most leadership theorists today view charisma as

A) Born primarily out of stressful situations.
B) Primarily the followers' perceptions of leader attributes.
C) An ability with which one is born.
D) The result of follower attributes influenced by leader characteristics and behavior and by the context.

Question 65

____ leadership seeks to maintain stability within an organization through regular economic and social exchanges that achieve specific goals for both the leaders and their followers.

A) Transformational
B) Transactional
C) Servant
D) Charismatic

Question 66

The theoretic issue of the locus of charismatic leadership asks whether:

A) charismatic leaders are born or made.
B) the precondition is in the followers' mind or in the leader's mind.
C) the vision is the compelling factor or if the energy and personal charm is the compelling factor.
D) the leadership phenomenon stems more from the leader's qualities or the situation facing the leader.

Question 67

The ____ charismatic leader is one who possesses an egalitarian, self-transcendent, and empowering personality.

A) socialized
B) individualized
C) personalized
D) none of the answers are correct

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT one of the behavior attributes that distinguish charismatic from noncharismatic leaders?

A) use of unconventional strategies for achieving desired change
B) dissatisfaction with the status quo
C) compelling nature of the vision
D) use of rewards and incentives for motivating followers

Question 69

Some scholars refer to transactional leaders as

A) charismatic
B) managers
C) CEOs
D) enforcers

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a quality of charismatic leaders?

A) high risk orientation
B) minimum internal conflict
C) emotional power base
D) self-promoting personality

Question 71

In the four stage model of the transformation process, which of the following is the first stage?

A) Institutionalize change
B) Challenge the status quo and make a convincing case for change
C) Inspire a shared vision of the future
D) Provide effective leadership during the change

Question 72

Transformational leadership has been found to be positively related to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) moral development.
B) job satisfaction.
C) organizational commitment.
D) employee service performance.
E) A and d

Question 73

Socialized charismatic leaders:

A) pursue leader-driven goals.
B) promote feelings of empowerment, personal growth, and equal participation in followers.
C) restrict information.
D) all of the answers are correct

Question 74

Negative charismatic leaders emphasize:

A) internalization.
B) ideals.
C) devotion to themselves.
D) all of the answers are correct

Question 75

Transformational leaders are often seen as:

A) visionaries.
B) risk-takers.
C) change agents of the status quo.
D) Task and reward-oriented.
E) A, b, and c

Question 76

The debate concerning the locus of charismatic leadership states that charisma could be the result of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the emotional involvement of the followers.
B) the leader's extraordinary qualities.
C) the situation or social climate facing the leader.
D) an interaction of the situation and the leader's qualities.

Question 77

Charismatic leadership is seen as an extension of ____ theory.

A) expectancy
B) reinforcement
C) attribution
D) contingency leadership

Question 78

An effect of charismatic leadership on followers is to cause them to:

A) Assume greater risk.
B) set or accept higher goals.
C) have greater confidence in their ability to contribute to the achievement of goals.
D) all of the answers are correct

Question 79

Personalized charismatic leaders:

A) are more relationship-oriented than other leaders.
B) tend to have work groups that are more cohesive and team oriented.
C) are usually perceived as less manipulative than others.
D) do not use their power for socially beneficial causes.

Question 80

Which of the following is (are) the effect(s) of charismatic leadership on followers?

A) unconditional acceptance of the leader
B) A strong sense of self confidence
C) Assume less risk
D) A and b
E) A and c