Deck 3: Leadership Behavior and Motivation

Question 1

The country-club leader strives to maintain a friendly atmosphere without regard for production.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Process motivation theories focus on explaining and predicting behavior based on people's needs.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Acquired needs theory proposes that people are motivated by their need for achievement, power, and affiliation.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Of traits, skills, and behavior, the important component of leadership style is behavior.

Question 5

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory proposes that people will not be motivated to satisfy a higher level of need unless the lower-level needs are satisfied to some degree.

Question 6

Thirst (need) leading to the drive (motive) to get something to drink (behavior), and the drink quenching (consequence and satisfaction) your thirst is a valid example of the motivation process.

Question 7

Examples of Herzberg's motivators are pay, job security, and benefits.

Question 8

For most criteria of leader effectiveness, the Ohio State and University of Michigan leadership models have confirmed that there is one leadership style that works well across all situations.

Question 9

Job-centered behavior is sensitive to subordinates and communicates to develop trust, support, and respect while looking out for their welfare.

Question 10

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two Factor Theory are content motivation theories which focus on how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs.

Question 11

It is easy to know why people behave the way that they do because people do the same things for the same reasons.

Question 12

For the most part, we are motivated by self-interest.

Question 13

According to studies at The University of Iowa, leadership styles include autocratic, democratic, and participative.

Question 14

The primary reason people do what they do is to meet their needs or wants.

Question 15

The high-high leader has concern for both production and people, which is also called the team leadership style.

Question 16

Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a major recommendation to leaders is to meet employees' higher level needs first.

Question 17

As a manager wanting to motivate your employees, you know that some need or want motivates all behavior.

Question 18

Herzberg contends that providing maintenance factors will make employees satisfied or motivate them.

Question 19

Like traits, a person's motives can be observed.

Question 20

Through the motivation process, employees go from motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Question 21

Expectancy theory works best with employees who have an external locus of control.

Question 22

Equity theory proposes that people get what they expect.

Question 23

Instrumentality refers to belief that the performance will result in getting the reward.

Question 24

"To increase sales by 50 percent and decrease turnover by 25 percent in 2011" is an effective objective.

Question 25

The group of theories are complementary; each group of theories refers to a different stage in the motivation process or answers a different question.

Question 26

Reinforcement theory uses behavior modification and operant conditioning.

Question 27

When employees believe they inequity exists from their being over-rewarded, they tend to work harder.

Question 28

Giving employees a paycheck every week is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule.

Question 29

When employees perceive inequity from being under-rewarded, they are motivated to reduce the inequity by reducing their inputs.

Question 30

To motivate employees with a high n Ach, a manager should assign them routine tasks with vague goals and objectives to encourage them to put out more effort.

Question 31

The three process motivation theories are equity theory, hierarchy of needs theory, and expectancy theory.

Question 32

Avoidance reinforcement is the least effective method in motivating employees.

Question 33

Goal setting might be the most effective management tool available.

Question 34

Expectancy theory proposes that people are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task, they will get the reward, and the rewards for doing the task are worth the effort.

Question 35

"You're a good worker" is an effective statement for giving praise.

Question 36

Reinforcement theory proposes that through the consequences for behavior, people will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.

Question 37

With a continuous schedule of reinforcement, each and every desired behavior is reinforced.

Question 38

Ratios are generally better motivators than intervals.

Question 39

Goal-setting theory proposes that specific, achievable goals motivate people.

Question 40

An example of avoidance reinforcement is a manager or team leader ignoring an employee who arrives late for a meeting.

Question 41

____ is credited as being the first to identify the participative leadership style that is commonly used today.

A) Maslow
B) Vroom
C) Herzberg
D) Likert

Question 42

Two-factor theory proposes that employees are motivated by ____ factors.

A) intrinsic
B) maintenance
C) hygiene
D) extrinsic

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT one of the contributions of behavioral leadership theory?

A) The manager does not have to perform both production and people functions.
B) It led to the shift in paradigm to contingency leadership theory.
C) Organizations need both production and people leadership.
D) Task and relationship behavior tend to correlate strongly with subordinate performance.

Question 44

Through the motivation process, people go from:

A) motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
B) need to motive to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
C) behavior to motive to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
D) motive to behavior to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Question 45

The University of Iowa studies led to an era of ____ research.

A) behavioral
B) trait
C) personality
D) participation

Question 46

The Leadership Grid is based on two leadership dimensions called:

A) concern for production and concern for people.
B) concern for profit and concern for productivity.
C) concern for motivation and concern productivity.
D) none of the answers are correct

Question 47

The ____ leader strives to maintain a friendly atmosphere without regard for production.

A) middle-of-the-road
B) authority-compliance
C) country-club
D) impoverished

Question 48

Leaders who often use one-way communications can be defined by the Ohio State University model as which of the following?

A) low structure, high consideration
B) low structure, low consideration
C) high structure, high consideration
D) high structure, low consideration

Question 49

According to the Ohio State University studies on leadership styles, the leadership style that emphasizes task completion is ____.

A) initiating structure
B) democratic leadership
C) consideration
D) autocratic leadership

Question 50

To motivate his highest performers, a manager gives his highest performer each month an "Employee of the Month" award and a parking space next to his. Of what motivational theory is this an example?

A) goal-setting
B) equity
C) expectancy
D) Reinforcement theory

Question 51

Physiological needs include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) adequate salary.
B) breaks.
C) working conditions.
D) promotions.

Question 52

According to the University of Iowa studies on leadership styles, a democratic leader:

A) closely supervises workers.
B) makes the decisions.
C) tells employees what to do.
D) none of the answers are correct

Question 53

All of the following are levels of needs in the hierarchy of needs theory EXCEPT:

A) physiological.
B) safety.
C) social.
D) psychological.

Question 54

Based on extensive research, Blake and Mouton would expect the best performance from a firm whose leadership:

A) displays an ultimate priority of meeting employees' needs.
B) sets the highest priority on task completion.
C) puts a balanced and moderate managerial effort between meeting employees' needs and task completion.
D) puts the highest priority on both meeting employees' needs and task completion.

Question 55

The Leadership Grid identifies all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT:

A) impoverished.
B) authority-compliance.
C) country-club.
D) end-of the road.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major assumptions that Abraham Maslow based his hierarchy of needs theory on?

A) People's needs are arranged in order of importance going from basic to complex needs.
B) People will not be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need unless the lower-level need(s) has been at least minimally satisfied.
C) Both met and unmet needs motivate.
D) People have five classifications of needs.

Question 57

A ____ leader has concern for both production and people; this is the team leadership style.

A) low-high
B) low-low
C) high-high
D) high-low

Question 58

Blake and Mouton claim that team leadership usually result in all of the following EXCEPT:

A) low absenteeism.
B) improved performance.
C) empowerment.
D) low turnover.

Question 59

All of the following are considered extrinsic motivators in Herzberg's two-factor theory EXCEPT:

A) company policies.
B) benefits.
C) work itself.
D) working conditions.

Question 60

The manager of a multinational firm operating in a developing country noticed that local employees had at length recently met their physiological and safety needs. According to the hierarchy of needs theory, the next level of motivation would be met by the promise of:

A) pay related to piecework.
B) heightened security.
C) vacation days.
D) a group picnic.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement?

A) positive
B) extinction
C) continuous
D) avoidance

Question 62

To motivate employees with a high n Pow, you should to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) let them plan and control their jobs as much as possible.
B) try to include them in decision making.
C) try to assign them to a whole task rather than just a part of a task.
D) let them work as part of a team.

Question 63

____ theory proposes that through the consequences for behavior, people will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.

A) Equity
B) Goal-setting
C) Expectancy
D) Reinforcement

Question 64

To motivate employees with a high n Aff, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) try to include them in decision making.
B) delegate responsibility for orienting and training new employees to them.
C) give them lots of praise and recognition.
D) let them work as part of a team.

Question 65

Last year the sales team was worst in its company, having been outperformed by six other teams. This year, the new team manager believes that the team might make a third-place finish if he sets difficult, challenging goals for them. This is an example of which of the following motivational theories?

A) expectancy theory
B) hierarchy of needs theory
C) goal-setting theory
D) reinforcement theory

Question 66

Fines and demotions are examples of which type of reinforcement?

A) positive
B) avoidance
C) punishment
D) extinction

Question 67

The manager who believes that employees work harder if they get a written reprimand as soon as they slow down at work is attempting to practice:

A) expectancy theory.
B) hygienic motivation.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) reinforcement.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a category of needs in the acquired needs theory?

A) success
B) power
C) achievement
D) affiliation

Question 69

The expectancy theory is based on which of the following assumptions?

A) People generally have the same needs, desires, and goals.
B) Behavior is the individual's decision.
C) People make behavior decisions based on their attitudes and beliefs.
D) all of the answers are correct

Question 70

The process of building motivators into the job itself by making it more interesting and challenging is known as:

A) job enlargement.
B) job enrichment.
C) job enhancement.
D) none of the answers are correct

Question 71

____ is one of the most replicated and influential management theories.

A) Rewards
B) Goal setting
C) Promotions
D) Reinforcement

Question 72

To "make better grades" is NOT an effective objective because it

A) Is vague and not specific
B) Does not have a target date
C) Is difficult to measure because "better" is not clearly defined.
D) All of the above

Question 73

Which of the following is (are) a content motivation theory?

A) goal-setting theory
B) equity theory
C) expectancy theory
D) acquired needs theory
E) c and d

Question 74

John really wants a promotion and believes that he has a high probability of earning the promotion if he works hard. Because a promotion is important to him, that performing well will result in a promotion, and because he believes he a good chance of earning the promotion, this is an example of

A) Equity theory
B) Expectancy theory
C) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
D) Herzberg's Two Factor Theory

Question 75

The process motivation theories are alike in that all focus on:

A) understanding how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs.
B) explaining and predicting behavior based on people's needs.
C) reinforcement of positive behaviors.
D) giving praise.

Question 76

____ theory proposes that people are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

A) Equity
B) Reinforcement
C) Expectancy
D) Goal-setting

Question 77

Managers should be aware that equity is based on:

A) rewards.
B) employee perceptions.
C) exerted effort.
D) performance.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT an example of an effective objective?

A) To find a job and new apartment this summer.
B) To sell 50 magazines during the month of March.
C) To finish writing my term paper for English 101 by the end of this weekend.
D) To increase sales in the U.S. by 30 percent in 2011.

Question 79

To motivate employees with a high n Ach, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) give them fast and frequent feedback on their performance.
B) try to include them in decision making.
C) give them increased responsibility for doing new things.
D) give them nonroutine, challenging tasks with clear, attainable objectives.

Question 80

____ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective.

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Valence
D) Capability