Question 1

The nurse is conducting a literature review to determine the statistical results of all related studies and identifies this to be what type of review?&#10;A) A meta-analysis&#10;B) An integrative literature review&#10;C) A systematic review&#10;D) Grounded theory research

Accepted Answer

Literature reviews include scholarly analyses of research. A meta-analysis merges statistical results from related studies to discover similarities and differences in their findings. An integrative literature review synthesizes research findings and formulates ideas about future research. A systematic review of the literature provides a comprehensive, unbiased analysis using a strict scientific design to select and assess each of the studies. Grounded theory research derives theories from the data collected in studies.

Question 2

The nurse correctly devises a dissemination plan at what point during the research process?&#10;A) Conclusion of the study&#10;B) After the literature review&#10;C) The beginning of the research process&#10;D) While conducting research

Accepted Answer

A dissemination plan should be devised at the beginning of the research.

Question 3

The nurse recognizes that when conducting a qualitative research study, what concept is a basis of this type of research?&#10;A) Qualitative research is based on a constructivist philosophy.&#10;B) Qualitative research assumes that reality is the same for everyone.&#10;C) Qualitative research is deductive in nature and approach.&#10;D) Qualitative research proceeds from specific facts to generalizations.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research is based on a constructivist philosophy, which assumes that reality is composed of multiple socially constructed realities of each person or group and is therefore value laden, focusing on personal beliefs, thoughts, and feelings. Constructivism assumes an approach that is inductive (Creswell, 2014). Inductive reasoning generalizes from specific facts. Qualitative research usually results in data expressed in words, often in the form of a narrative.

Question 4

The nurse is preparing to conduct a study involving the "postprandial" blood sugars in patients who have received intensive diabetic rehabilitation versus diabetics undergoing "usual care." For the consent to be valid, the nurse would have to carry out which action?

A) Change the language of the consent.
B) Keep explanations to a minimum to reduce stress.
C) Keep potential risks undisclosed.
D) Insist that the participant sign the consent right away.

Accepted Answer

Research participants require an explanation of the study in which they are subjects. Any information provided needs to be in a language that is understandable to them. Procedures and the purpose of the study need to be explained. The way subject anonymity and confidentiality will be protected needs to be explained. Any potential harm, including physical or mental discomfort, and possible benefits from participation should be explained. Questions should be answered so that participants fully understand the research and their part in the process. All subjects need to be given time to decide about participation. Study participants are voluntary, may withdraw at any time, or may choose not to complete tasks.

Question 5

The nurse researcher audiotaped interviews with subjects and would like to play these tapes during dissemination. The nurse identifies what steps that may be required to play the tapes?&#10;A) Inform the participants that they cannot hear the tapes beforehand.&#10;B) None, if the tape is of a group, since there is no expectation of anonymity.&#10;C) None, since the tape is a direct &#34;quote&#34; and voice recognition is not controllable.&#10;D) A release will need to be obtained from the subjects.

Accepted Answer

Any videos, photos, or audiotapes require releases if they are to be shown in the dissemination of research findings. The participants have the right to review these tapes before allowing them to be used for research. If subjects are involved in a group, they should be reminded that their exchange of information and identities must remain confidential. Participants' permission is needed if the data include quotations or can reveal the subject's identity.

Question 6

When applying research to practice, the nurse finds what information?&#10;A) It is usually easy to access information at the bedside.&#10;B) Research articles are clear in defining nursing practice.&#10;C) Bedside care is not directly related to research.&#10;D) Nursing research should be used to improve care.

Accepted Answer

One obstacle to applying research to practice is the difficulty in bedside access to information by nurses. Nurses often lack the time to participate in research-related activities. By reading research articles, the nurse may notice discrepancies in what is recommended in current practice and what is found in the literature. Nurses often feel that their bedside nursing care is removed from the research process. However, nurses participate every day in the care of patients, which is based on the nursing process. Nurses should use research to improve the quality of patient care and should understand the research base before initiating nursing interventions.

Question 7

When the nurse is conducting a quantitative research study, what concept is implemented?&#10;A) Quantitative research assumes that reality is fixed and stable.&#10;B) Quantitative research is based on an inductive approach.&#10;C) Quantitative research seeks to gain knowledge through observation.&#10;D) Quantitative research usually produces data in narrative format.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research is based on a postpositivist philosophy, which assumes that reality is objective, fixed, stable, observable, measurable, and value free. Positivism assumes that the approach is deductive in nature, and it seeks to gain knowledge through scientific and experimental research. Quantitative research usually produces data in the form of numbers.

Question 8

The American Nurses Association (ANA) standards of professional performance require nurses to use research findings in practice. How do these standards impact nurses in the workplace?&#10;A) Nurses need to regulate their practice according to the latest journal articles.&#10;B) Nurses need to use the best available evidence to guide practice decisions.&#10;C) Nurses only need to participate in research while in advanced practice.&#10;D) Nurses may use evidence-based practice to develop procedures but not policies.

Accepted Answer

The American Nurses Association (ANA) standards of professional performance require nurses to use research findings in practice. Two criteria are measured. The first criterion is that nurses need to use the best available evidence, which includes research findings, to guide their practice decisions (ANA, 2015). The second criterion is that nurses participate in research activities that are appropriate for their position and level of education. Activities may include identifying problems in the clinical setting that may be researched; participating in data collection; participating as a member of a research committee or a research program; sharing research findings the nurse has found with others; conducting research; critiquing research that may be used in practice; using research findings to develop policies, procedures, and standards for patient care at health care facilities; and incorporating research as part of ongoing learning as a nurse. Nurses may participate in one or more of these activities during their careers. The ANA (2017) Research Toolkit was developed to help nurses to provide evidence-based care that improves patient outcomes. The ANA (2017) Research Toolkit was developed to help nurses to provide evidence-based care that improves patient outcomes.

Question 9

In researching the effectiveness of an antihypertensive medication, the nurse knows that the medication would be what type of variable?&#10;A) Dependent&#10;B) Independent&#10;C) Treatment&#10;D) Controlled

Accepted Answer

In experimental research, the independent variable is referred to as an experimental variable or treatment variable. An independent variable is a concept or idea whose value determines the value of other (dependent) variables. In research, the independent variable comprises the experimental treatment or intervention, and it is manipulated by the researcher to yield various outcomes. The dependent variable is the outcome that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable. For example, in researching the effectiveness of an antihypertensive medication, the medication is the independent variable and the person's blood pressure is the dependent variable. In a controlled study, some of the participants are assigned to the treatment group, and others are assigned to the control group by a random process. The control group does not receive the treatment. In the clinical trial of a medication, the control group receives a placebo. The purpose of a control group is to prevent bias and ensure that the outcome results from the treatment rather than some other factor.

Question 10

The nurse knows testing the application of theories in different situations with different populations is what type of research?&#10;A) Applied research&#10;B) Clinical research&#10;C) Basic research&#10;D) Quantitative research

Accepted Answer

Research conducted to generate theories is basic research. These theories help to provide explanations for phenomena. Testing theories in different situations with different populations is applied research. Clinical research is conducted to test theories about the effectiveness of interventions. Each type of research contributes to the theoretical base for the practice of nursing. Quantitative research usually produces data in the form of numbers.

Question 11

The nurse researcher understands a human subject is defined as a living individual about whom an investigator conducting research obtains what information?&#10;A) Data without direct or indirect interaction or intervention&#10;B) Information that is not expected to be made public&#10;C) No diagnostic information and does not manipulate the subject environment&#10;D) Information without any communication/contact during the research

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse researcher understands a human subject...

Question 12

The acronym PICO assists in remembering the steps to constructing a good research question and the nurse identifies that the &#34;O&#34; in the acronym refers to what term?&#10;A) Objectivity&#10;B) Ordinal approach&#10;C) Outcome&#10;D) Observer

Accepted Answer

The answer of The acronym PICO assists in remembering the...

Question 13

In practice, the nurse has identified an observable phenomenon and wants to conduct research to generate a hypothesis through observation of the situation. The nurse knows what approach to be the best way for the nurse to conduct this type of investigation?

A) Correlational research study
B) Experimental research study
C) Descriptive research study
D) Quasi-experimental research study

Accepted Answer

The answer of In practice, the nurse has identified an...

Question 14

The nurse knows that the third phase of evidence-based research involves what action?&#10;A) Searching for evidence and evaluating&#10;B) Assessing the problem&#10;C) Developing a question&#10;D) Performing a critical appraisal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse knows that the third phase...

Question 15

The nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and is interested in exploring the lived experiences of nurses responsible for approaching patients and family members about the donation of organs. Which type of research would this be considered?

A) Grounded theory
B) Ethnography
C) Historical
D) Phenomenologic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing to conduct a...

Question 16

The nurse is ready to analyze the data obtained through a qualitative study. What approach to data analysis should the nurse use?&#10;A) Content analysis&#10;B) Statistical analysis&#10;C) Coding of themes&#10;D) Dissemination

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is ready to analyze the...

Question 17

The nurse has identified a research problem and knows what to be. What is the next step with this problem?&#10;A) Conduct a literature review.&#10;B) Address ethical procedures.&#10;C) Collect data.&#10;D) Analyze data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse has identified a research problem...

Question 18

The nurse is reviewing a research study that includes data in the form of numbers and recognizes that this is likely to be what type of study?&#10;A) Qualitative&#10;B) Experimental&#10;C) Quasi-experimental&#10;D) Quantitative

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is reviewing a research study...

Question 19

The nurse understands an institutional review board (IRB) is a review committee established to carry out what task?&#10;A) Approve research involving animal subjects.&#10;B) Approve research that is not government funded.&#10;C) Function differently than scholarly journals do.&#10;D) Protect the rights of human research subjects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse understands an institutional review board...

Question 20

While conducting a controlled research study, the nurse wants greater assurance that the result is due to treatment itself and not another factor. For this purpose, the researcher should include what other component?

A) A treatment group
B) An independent variable
C) A dependent variable
D) A control group

Accepted Answer

The answer of While conducting a controlled research study, the...

Question 21

The nurse understands that Florence Nightingale is noted to have provided the initial basis for evidence-based practice (EBP) by doing which action?&#10;A) Basing her work in trial and error as well as observation&#10;B) Using statistical data as a basis for improvements&#10;C) Applying statistical methods such as &#34;pie charting&#34; to display results&#10;D) Focusing on bedside care and ignoring nursing education&#10;E) Publishing the first EBP journal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse understands that Florence Nightingale is...

Question 22

The nurse recognizes barriers to the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) include what points?&#10;A) Nurses critiquing research&#10;B) Difficulty communicating how to conduct EBP&#10;C) Copious amount of literature available&#10;D) Short time between research and practice&#10;E) Reluctance of organizations to fund research

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse recognizes barriers to the use...

Question 23

Nurses use new information in their practice. In the process of implementing EBP, the nurse carries out which actions?&#10;A) Develops clinical questions.&#10;B) Creates workshops and in-services.&#10;C) Seeks answers to support the clinical decision.&#10;D) Applies finding to patients.&#10;E) Publishes a bulletin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nurses use new information in their practice....

Question 24

If the nurse is trying to determine the best treatment or course of action and wants to incorporate the most reliable evidence into the decision, the nurse will use what filtered resource?&#10;A) Cochrane Reviews&#10;B) UpToDate&#10;C) STAT!Ref&#10;D) MD Consult

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the nurse is trying to determine...

Question 25

The nurse manager knows a Magnet hospital is characterized by which?&#10;A) Excellent medical outcomes&#10;B) A high level of nursing job satisfaction&#10;C) A low number of grievances&#10;D) Nursing care leading excellent patient outcomes&#10;E) Evidence-based environment support

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse manager knows a Magnet hospital...

Deck 13: Evidence-Based Practice and Nursing Research