Deck 12: The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE?

A) Most fungi are pathogenic for humans.
B) Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions.
C) Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition.
D) Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores.
E) Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following pairs are mismatched? 1. arthroconidium - formed by fragmentation
2) sporangiospore - formed within hyphae
3) conidiospore - formed in a chain
4) blastoconidium - formed from a bud
5) chlamydoconidium - formed in a sac

A) 2 and 5
B) 4 and 5
C) 2 and 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 3 and 4

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Ascomycota - conidiospores
B) microsporidia - lack mitochondria
C) Basidiomycota - basidiospores
D) Zygomycota - sporangiospores
E) anamorphs - lack spores

Answer 3

E

Question 4

You see acid- fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea. What is the MOST likely cause?

A) Taenia
B) Cryptosporidium
C) diatoms
D) Entamoeba
E) Giardia

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Fungi produce sexual spores.
B) Fungi produce asexual spores.
C) Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction.
D) Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi.
E) Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.

Question 6

You observe a mass of amboeba- like cells that swarm together, form a stalk, and produce spores. This is a(n)

A) tapeworm.
B) Euglenozoa.
C) plasmodial slime mold.
D) ascomycete.
E) cellular slime mold.

Question 7

In the malaria parasite life cycle

A) humans are the intermediate host.
B) mosquitoes are the definitive host.
C) mosquitoes are the vector.
D) humans are the intermediate host and mosquitos are the definitive host.
E) humans are the intermediate host and mosquitoes are both the definitive host and the vector.

Question 8

In mid- December, a woman with insulin- dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 µm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a

A) protozoan.
B) gram- negative bacterium.
C) yeast.
D) parasitic alga.
E) dimorphic fungus.

Question 9

Three weeks after a river rafting trip, three family members experienced symptoms of coughing, fever, and chest pain. During the rafting trip, the family had consumed crayfish that they caught along the river banks. An examination of the patients' sputum revealed helminth eggs, and serum samples were positive for antibodies to Paragonimus. All of the family members recovered following treatment with praziquantel. In the Paragonimus life cycle,

A) both humans and crayfish are intermediate hosts.
B) the source of the infection was the river water.
C) the crayfish are the definitive host and humans are the intermediate host.
D) both humans and crayfish are definitive hosts.
E) humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.

Question 10

Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by

A) genitourinary route.
B) vectors.
C) respiratory route.
D) gastrointestinal route.
E) aerosols.

Question 11

If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans, humans are the

A) infected host.
B) definitive host.
C) reservoir.
D) intermediate host.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrophic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae, motile zoospores, and cellulose cell walls. It is most likely a(n)

A) oomycote alga.
B) green alga.
C) zygomycete fungus.
D) ascomycete fungus.
E) tapeworm.

Question 13

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) systemic mycosis - fungal infection of body organs
B) coenocytic hyphae - hyphae with cross- walls
C) dermatomycosis - fungal infection of the skin
D) teleomorph - produces both sexual and asexual spores
E) dimorphic fungus - grows as a yeast or a mold

Question 14

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all seventeen patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because they

A) can tolerate low- moisture conditions.
B) are aerobic.
C) have a fermentative metabolism.
D) cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure.
E) prefer a neutral environment (pH 7).

Question 15

All of the following are characteristic of algae EXCEPT

A) they may be unicellular or multicellular.
B) most are photoautotrophs.
C) they mostly live in aquatic habitats.
D) they are classified as plants.
E) some produce harmful toxins.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE?

A) All are parasites.
B) They are heterotrophic.
C) They have eukaryotic cells.
D) Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.
E) They are multicellular animals.

Question 17

Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria?

A) eliminate Anopheles
B) vaccination
C) eliminate the intermediate host
D) treating patients
E) None of these is an effective control.

Question 18

Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host?

A) fleas
B) lice
C) kissing bugs
D) mosquitoes
E) houseflies

Question 19

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a

A) cysticercus.
B) metacercaria.
C) proglottid.
D) redia.
E) cercaria.

Question 20

Ringworm is caused by a(n)

A) fungus.
B) cestode.
C) trematode.
D) protozoan.
E) nematode.

Question 21

Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans?

A) red algae
B) dinoflagellates
C) green algae
D) diatoms
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these groups of algae produce compounds toxic to humans.

Question 22

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) cestodes - segmented body made of proglottids
B) nematodes - many are free- living
C) cestodes - all are free- living
D) trematodes - flukes
E) nematodes - complete digestive tract

Question 23

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?

A) All are unicellular.
B) They use CO₂ as their carbon source.
C) They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.
D) They use light as their energy source.
E) Some are capable of sexual reproduction.

Question 24

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because

A) the large surface can absorb nutrients.
B) they have organelles.
C) they form spores.
D) they have a mouth to ingest nutrients.
E) they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the oomycote algae is FALSE?

A) They produce zoospores in a sporangium.
B) They form hyphae.
C) They cause plant diseases.
D) They have chlorophyll.
E) They reproduce sexually.

Question 26

Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they

A) lack nuclei.
B) do produce cysts.
C) lack mitochondria.
D) do not produce cysts.
E) are motile.

Question 27

All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT

A) they are arranged in foliose, fruticose, or crustose morphologies.
B) they are a major food source for tundra herbivores.
C) they are a symbiotic relationship of a fungus and a protozoan.
D) they serve as primary producers in rocky ecosystems.
E) they are used as indicators of air pollution.

Question 28

Table 12.1 $$\begin{array} { l l } \text { 1- Arthroconidium } & \text { 5-Chlamydoconidium } \\\text { 2-Ascospore } & \text { 6-Conidiospore } \\\text { 3- Basidiospore } & \text { 7-Sporangiospore } \\\text { 4- Blastoconidium } & 8 \text {-Zygospore }\end{array}$$

-In Table 12.1, which of these spores are asexual spores?

A) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7
B) 2, 3, 6, 8
C) 2, 4, 6, 7, 8
D) 1, 3, 5, 8
E) All of the spores are asexual.

Question 29

Table 12.1 $$\begin{array} { l l } \text { 1- Arthroconidium } & \text { 5-Chlamydoconidium } \\\text { 2- Ascospore } & \text { 6-Conidiospore } \\\text { 3- Basidiospore } & \text { 7-Sporangiospore } \\\text { 4- Blastoconidium } & \text { 8-Zygospore }\end{array}$$

-In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus?

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 8
D) 6 and 7
E) 7 and 8

Question 30

Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free- living helminths?

A) digestive system
B) nervous system
C) reproductive system
D) digestive and nervous systems
E) digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems

Question 31

All of the following are characteristic of the Platyhelminthes EXCEPT that they

A) are multicellular animals.
B) have highly developed digestive and nervous systems.
C) can be divided into flukes and tapeworms.
D) are hermaphroditic.
E) are dorsoventrally flattened.

Question 32

In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium?

A) 4 and 6
B) 3 and 4
C) 1 and 2
D) 2 and 6
E) 1 and 4

Question 33

Table 12.1 $$\begin{array} { l l } \text { 1- Arthroconidium } & \text { 5-Chlamydoconidium } \\\text { 2-Ascospore } & \text { 6-Conidiospore } \\\text { 3- Basidiospore } & \text { 7-Sporangiospore } \\\text { 4- Blastoconidium } & 8 \text {-Zygospore }\end{array}$$

-In Table 12.1, which is a thick- walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 5
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 34

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) red algae - agar
B) green algae - prokaryotic
C) dinoflagellates - paralytic shellfish poisoning
D) brown algae - algin
E) diatoms - petroleum

Question 35

Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan?

A) cellular slime mold
B) oomycote
C) plasmodial slime mold
D) Euglena
E) Phytophthora

Question 36

What do tapeworms eat?

A) plant matter
B) intestinal bacteria
C) intestinal contents
D) host tissues
E) red blood cells

Question 37

Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE?

A) The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from desiccation.
B) Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil.
C) Lichens are very tolerant to pollution.
D) The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner.
E) Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.

Question 38

In the microscope, you observe multinucleated amoeboid cells with sporangia that form spores. This is a(n)

A) tapeworm.
B) plasmodial slime mold.
C) cellular slime mold.
D) Euglenozoa.
E) ascomycete.

Question 39

A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite?

A) larva
B) miracidium
C) adult
D) cyst
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) mosquito - encephalitis
B) tick - Rocky Mountain spotted fever
C) tick - Lyme disease
D) mosquito - Pneumocystis
E) mosquito - malaria

Question 41

Both the cellular slime molds and the plasmodial slime molds are members of the phylum Amoebozoa.

Question 42

The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure?

A) salting fish before eating
B) wearing gloves while handling fish
C) not swimming in fish- infested waters
D) refrigerating stored fish
E) cooking fish before eating

Question 43

Plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis are stages of the fungal sexual life cycle.

Question 44

Some species of dinoflagellates produce neurotoxins that cause fish kills and red tides.

Question 45

Cercariae, metacercaria, redia, and sporocysts are all life cycle stages of trematodes.

Question 46

Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is FALSE?

A) Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes.
B) Protozoa are common in water and soil.
C) Nearly all protozoa cause disease.
D) Some protozoan pathogens are transmitted by arthropod vectors.
E) Most protozoa reproduce asexually.

Question 47

Yeast infections are caused by

A) Histoplasma.
B) Candida albicans.
C) Penicillium.
D) Aspergillus.
E) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Question 48

Most cases of hookworm infection are acquired by ingestion of eggs in contaminated food or water.

Question 49

Which of the following is a nucleated, unicellular organism that, if you changed the incubation temperature, would form filaments with conidiospores?

A) euglenozoa
B) plasmodial slime mold
C) cellular slime mold
D) ascomycete
E) tapeworm

Question 50

Below are paired items referring to the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Which of the pairs is mismatched?

A) mosquito - vector
B) mosquito - definitive host
C) dog - definitive host
D) dog - sexual reproduction
E) None of the pairs is mismatched.

Question 51

Arthropod vectors are blood- sucking animals such as ticks, lice, and fleas that transmit microbial pathogens.

Question 52

The insect vectors have six legs and include ticks, mosquitoes, and lice.

Question 53

Provide an explanation for the complex life cycles exhibited by parasitic helminths. Cite specific examples in your explanation.

Question 54

The Platyhelminthes group includes roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.

Question 55

The sporozoite, merozoite, gametocyte, and ring stages are all part of the Plasmodium life cycle.

Question 56

In helminth life cycles, the organism that harbors the sexually reproductive phase of the parasite is called the intermediate host.