Deck 1: The Microbial World and You

Question 1

Fungal infections are studied by

A) virologists.
B) parasitologists.
C) mycologists.
D) herpetologists.
E) bacteriologists.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by

A) Carolus Linnaeus.
B) Robert Koch.
C) Aristotle.
D) Louis Pasteur.
E) Ignaz Semmelweis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Gene therapy is currently used to treat all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).
C) colon cancer.
D) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
E) LDL- receptor deficiency.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The major food producers for other living organisms is/are

A) higher plants.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) algae.
D) higher plants and algae.
E) higher plants, cyanobacteria, and algae.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT associated with viruses?

A) capsid
B) envelope
C) spikes
D) organelles
E) nucleic acid

Question 6

Viruses are not considered living organisms because they

A) are structurally very simple.
B) typically associated with disease.
C) cannot reproduce by themselves.
D) can only be visualized using an electron microscope.
E) are ubiquitous in nature.

Question 7

The first antibiotic to be utilized was

A) salvarsan.
B) quinine.
C) sulfonamides.
D) penicillin.
E) vancomycin.

Question 8

Antibiotics are produced by

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) fungi.
D) protozoa.
E) bacteria and fungi.

Question 9

Molecular biology is the study of

A) RNA replication.
B) DNA synthesis.
C) enzyme function.
D) the structure and function of macromolecules essential to life.
E) protein synthesis.

Question 10

Microorganisms are essential to our life. Each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms EXCEPT

A) agriculture.
B) increased morbidity.
C) bioremediation.
D) alternative fuel production.
E) gene therapy.

Question 11

Recombinant DNA refers to the

A) interaction between human and bacterial cells.
B) DNA resulting when bacterial genes are inserted in an animal genome.
C) study of bacterial ribosomes.
D) synthesis of proteins from genes.
E) study of the function of genes.

Question 12

Biogenesis refers to the

A) spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter.
B) development of life forms from preexisting life forms.
C) germ theory of disease.
D) development of aseptic technique.

Question 13

In which of the following situations would Koch's postulates be utilized?

A) determination of the cause of cancer in a patient
B) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab
C) whenever the scientific method is used to investigate a microbiological problem
D) determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab
E) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three- domain system?

A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukarya
D) animalia

Question 15

Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT

A) decomposition of organic material.
B) infection.
C) food production.
D) smog production.
E) O₂ production.

Question 16

The infectious agent that causes AIDS is a

A) bacterium.
B) mold.
C) virus.
D) protozoan.
E) yeast.

Question 17

Protozoan motility structures include

A) cilia.
B) pseudopods.
C) flagella.
D) cilia and pseudopods only.
E) cilia, flagella, and pseudopods.

Question 18

The use of phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by

A) Lister.
B) Semmelweis.
C) Koch.
D) Holmes.
E) Pasteur.

Question 19

Mycology is the study of

A) protozoa.
B) mycoplasma.
C) mushrooms.
D) molds.
E) molds, yeast, and mushrooms.

Question 20

Figure 1.1

The bacterial shape of the cells in Figure 1.1 would best be described as

A) coccus.
B) bacillus.
C) ovoid.
D) columnar.
E) spiral.

Question 21

Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations EXCEPT the

A) skin.
B) blood.
C) colon.
D) mouth.
E) upper respiratory system.

Question 22

Regarding Louis Pasteur's experiments with the S- neck flask, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Air exchange was involved.
B) All preexisting microorganisms were killed.
C) A food source was provided.
D) The possibility of contamination was removed.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about biofilms is FALSE?

A) Biofilms in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes.
B) Biofilms on rocks provide food for animal life.
C) Biofilms in pipes can block the flow of water.
D) Compared to free- living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics.
E) Biofilms on medical devices cause infections.

Question 24

Classification of organisms into three domains is based on

A) cellular proteins.
B) cellular organization.
C) the presence of a cell wall.
D) nutritional requirements.
E) the number of cells in the organism.

Question 25

Recombinant DNA technology has become an increasingly important part of our life. It is used for all of the following EXCEPT

A) drug production.
B) enhancing food longevity.
C) synthesis of water.
D) vaccine production.
E) increasing the nutritional value of food.

Question 26

Who is credited with first observing microorganisms?

A) Robert Hooke
B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Koch
E) Carolus Linnaeus

Question 27

Robert Koch identified the cause of

A) diphtheria.
B) tuberculosis.
C) smallpox.
D) anthrax.
E) AIDS.

Question 28

Who is credited with first observing cells?

A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Carolus Linnaeus
D) Robert Koch
E) Robert Hooke

Question 29

Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by

A) Pasteur.
B) Lister.
C) Wasserman.
D) Semmelweis.
E) Koch.

Question 30

Development of emerging infectious disease can be a result of all of the following EXCEPT

A) changes in the environment.
B) overuse of antibiotics.
C) microbial mutation.
D) modern transportation.
E) use of genetically modified foods.

Question 31

The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch's postulates is to

A) inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal.
B) isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals.
C) culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium.
D) obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.
E) compare the blood of a sick animal to blood obtained from a healthy animal.

Question 32

is the physician first associated with vaccination.

A) Jenner
B) Pasteur
C) Lister
D) Koch
E) Escherich

Question 33

Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of

A) insulin.
B) aspirin.
C) antibiotics.
D) antibiotics and aspirin.
E) antibiotics and insulin.

Question 34

Which of the following findings was essential for Edward Jenner's vaccination process?

A) A weakened microorganism will not cause disease.
B) Pathogenic microorganisms infect all humans and animals in the same manner.
C) Someone who recovers from a disease will not acquire that disease again.
D) Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity.
E) Disease is caused by viruses.

Question 35

Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea

A) lack nuclei.
B) use organic compounds for food.
C) have diverse cell wall compositions.
D) are prokaryotic.
E) reproduce by binary fission.

Question 36

The term used to describe a disease- causing microorganism is

A) microbe.
B) infection.
C) virus.
D) bacterium.
E) pathogen.

Question 37

The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as

A) pasteurization.
B) fermentation.
C) alcoholism.
D) tyndallization.
E) lyophilization.

Question 38

Commercial utilization of microbial products has become increasingly popular due to their environmentally friendly nature. Removal of these products from the environment typically utilizes

A) alcohol.
B) organic solvents.
C) soap.
D) enzymes.
E) organic acids.

Question 39

Who was the first scientist to pursue a "magic bullet" that could be used to treat infectious disease?

A) Ehrlich
B) Semmelweis
C) Pasteur
D) Lister
E) Jenner

Question 40

If you were setting up an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation in a liquid medium, which of the following would be essential to the experiment?

A) using a sterile liquid and eliminating exposure to microorganisms
B) adding carbon dioxide to the liquid
C) starting with a liquid that contains microorganisms
D) adding antibiotics to the liquid
E) supplying the liquid with nutrients

Question 41

In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the

A) genus.
B) kingdom.
C) domain name.
D) family name.
E) specific name.

Question 42

Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT

A) virus.
B) bacterium.
C) mushroom.
D) yeast.
E) protozoan.

Question 43

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first microbiologist to use a microscope to examine environmental samples for the presence of microorganisms.

Question 44

Some viruses can contain both DNA and RNA.

Question 45

What was the function and importance of S- necked flasks in Louis Pasteur's experiments in disproving spontaneous generation?

Question 46

Microbes are associated with life- sustaining benefits as well as life- threatening diseases.

Question 47

Bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE, or "mad cow disease") is caused by a virus.

Question 48

The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by

A) Louis Pasteur.
B) John Needham.
C) Lazzaro Spallanzani.
D) Francesco Redi.
E) Rudolf Virchow.

Question 49

A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high- power lens, he observes several cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are NOT bacteria.

Question 50

Spontaneous generation refers to living cells arising only from other living cells.

Question 51

A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT

A) ribosomes.
B) a nucleus.
C) a cell wall.
D) flagella.
E) a cell membrane.

Question 52

Vaccinations are available for all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) mumps.
B) hepatitis B.
C) rubella.
D) measles.
E) strep throat.

Question 53

The process of pasteurization to reduce food spoilage utilizes high heat to kill all bacteria present.

Question 54

Infectious disease is almost totally eradicated in our world.

Question 55

All pathogens known to infect humans have been identified at this point in time.

Question 56

All cells possess a cell wall.