Deck 9: Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Question 1

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below. What is the second step?

A) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.
B) Add enzyme- linked antibodies against DNA- RNA.
C) Add enzyme substrate.
D) Lyse human cells.
E) The order is unimportant.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease?

A) DNA fingerprints
B) restriction fragment length polymorphisms
C) reverse- transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
D) DNA fingerprings and restriction fragment length polymorphisms
E) DNA fingerprings, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse- transcriptase PCR(rtPCR)

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Gene silencing blocks an undesirable product by

A) making double- stranded RNA.
B) blocking transcription.
C) blocking DNA replication.
D) allosteric inhibition of an enzyme.
E) end- product repression.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The use of an antibiotic- resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes

A) the recombinant cell unable to survive.
B) replica plating possible.
C) the recombinant cell dangerous.
D) direct selection possible.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is

A) bioinformatics.
B) proteomics.
C) metagenomics.
D) forensic microbiology.
E) reverse genetics.

Question 6

Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product?

A) Endotoxin may be in the product.
B) It cannot process introns.
C) Its genes are well known.
D) It does not secrete most proteins.
E) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.

Question 7

Figure 9.4

In Figure 9.4, the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media containing ampicillin and X- gal will

A) form blue, ampicillin- sensitive colonies.
B) form white, ampicillin- resistant colonies.
C) form white, ampicillin- sensitive colonies.
D) form blue, ampicillin- resistant colonies.
E) not grow.

Question 8

Which enzyme would cut this strand of DN?

Question 9

Restriction enzymes are

A) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
B) animal enzymes that splice RNA.
C) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.
D) viral enzymes that destroy host DNA.

Question 10

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many double- stranded DNA molecules do you have?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) thousands

Question 11

Figure 9.5

Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E. coli?

A) microinjection
B) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
C) gene guns
D) transformation

Question 12

If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is

A) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
B) inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.
C) splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
D) transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.
E) transformation of an animal cell.

Question 13

Figure 9.5

In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are

A) lacZ and ori.
B) amp^R and ori.
C) ori.
D) amp^R and lacZ.
E) HindIII, BamHI, and EcoRI.

Question 14

PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because

A) the RNA primer is specific.
B) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA.
C) DNA can be electrophoresed.
D) all cells have DNA.
E) all cells have RNA.

Question 15

A restriction fragment is

A) a segment of mRNA.
B) a segment of DNA.
C) cDNA.
D) a gene.
E) a segment of tRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?

A) gene guns
B) electroporation
C) protoplast fusion
D) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
E) microinjection

Question 17

The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is

A) tRNA -mRNA.
B) DNA -DNA.
C) DNA -mRNA.
D) mRNA -protein.
E) mRNA -cDNA.

Question 18

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B?

A) RNA interference (RNAi)
B) DNA fingerprinting
C) complementary DNA (cDNA)
D) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
E) tumor- inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids)

Question 19

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to

A) kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment.
B) delete genes necessary for modified organism's growth.
C) provide a means to eliminate non- modified organisms.
D) provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides.
E) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.

Question 20

The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step?

A) Digest with a restriction enzyme.
B) Collect DNA.
C) Lyse cells.
D) Add stain.
E) Perform electrophoresis.

Question 21

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X. 1- Translation
2- Restriction enzyme
3- Prokaryotic transcription
4- DNA ligase
5- Transformation
6- Eukaryotic transcription
7- Reverse transcription
Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

A) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6
C) 5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 1
D) 6, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1
E) 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7

Question 22

Figure 9.1

In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece containing the ampicillin- resistance (amp) gene?

A) 0.17 kbp
B) 0.25 kbp
C) 1.08 kbp
D) 1.50 kbp
E) 3.00 kbp

Question 23

C) contains selectable markers.
D) is very easy to isolate.
E) lacks introns.
Answer: E Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Figure 9.2

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 1 is

A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA ligase.
C) reverse transcriptase.
D) DNA polymerase.
E) spliceosome.

Question 24

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order?
1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands;
2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis;
3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization.

A) 1, 3, 2
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 3, 2, 1
D) 3; 1; 2
E) 2; 1; 3

Question 25

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat- stable DNA polymerase. This process is

A) restriction mapping.
B) site- directed mutagenesis.
C) translation.
D) PCR.
E) transformation.

Question 26

How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 27

Self- replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a

A) library.
B) vector.
C) clone.
D) Southern blot.
E) PCR.

Question 28

An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it

A) can form very large DNA segments.
B) lacks exons.

Question 29

A source of heat- stable DNA polymerase is

A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
B) Pseudomonas.
C) Bacillus thuringiensis.
D) Thermus aquaticus.
E) Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Question 30

The random shotgun method is used in

A) genome sequencing.
B) transforming plant cells with recombinant DNA.
C) RFLP analysis.
D) amplification of unknown DNA.
E) forensic microbiology.

Question 31

Figure 9.2

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 2 is

A) RNA polymerase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) spliceosome.
D) reverse transcriptase.
E) DNA ligase.

Question 32

A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is to

A) use siRNA to produce the enzyme.
B) synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme.
C) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.
D) mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme.
E) look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme.

Question 33

In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required?

A) restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
B) electrophoresis to separate fragments
C) addition of heat- stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA
D) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest
E) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose

Question 34

Figure 9.3

The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting. What will a Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning procedures?

A) has a selectable marker
B) self- replication
C) may replicate in several species
D) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome
E) large size

Question 36

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA?

A) RNA processing to remove introns
B) transcription
C) translation
D) reverse transcription

Question 37

The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on

A) determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome.
B) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
C) cloning all of the genes of the human genome.
D) finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.
E) identifying all of the genes in the human genome.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques?

A) pectinase
B) glyphosate- resistant crops
C) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation)
D) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide
E) frost retardant

Question 39

A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a

A) clone.
B) vector.
C) library.
D) PCR.
E) Southern blot.

Question 40

Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a

A) PCR.
B) Southern blot.
C) library.
D) clone.
E) vector.

Question 41

The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called natural selection.

Question 42

In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self- replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome.

Question 43

Pseudomonas syringae is found naturally in the soil. Sold as Snomax, it is used to make snow at ski resorts. The same bacterium with a gene deletion (Ice- minus) is used to prevent ice formation on plants. Should Snomax and Ice- minus be considered modified organisms and subject to precautions of releasing genetically modified organisms? Explain why or why not.

Question 44

The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant.

Question 45

Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.

Question 46

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done by

A) irradiating the cells.
B) site- directed mutagenesis.
C) selection.
D) selective breeding.
E) enrichment.

Question 47

The local public health agency has received reports of an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis among attendees at a city- sponsored chili cook- off. What techniques from recombinant DNA technology would the agency likely use to investigate this outbreak? Describe the expected results from these techniques.

Question 48

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G$AATTC. Which of the following is TRUE of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI?

A) All of the DNA fragments will have single- stranded regions ending in AA.
B) All of the DNA will have blunt ends.
C) All of the DNA fragments will have single- stranded regions ending in G.
D) All of the DNA will be circular.
E) Some of the DNA will have single- stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G.

Question 49

A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.

Question 50

The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products.

Question 51

The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene introns.

Question 52

Biotechnology involves the

A) use of microorganisms to make desired products.
B) use of animal cells to make vaccines.
C) development of disease- resistant crop plants.
D) use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines.
E) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease- resistanct crop plants.

Question 53

One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli.

Question 54

An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to

A) obtain genes that lack introns.
B) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence.
C) make DNA from cellular RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
D) isolate unknown genes.
E) obtain genes that lack exons.

Question 55

The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction.

Question 56

Figure 9.5

In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self- replicating is

A) amp^R.
B) HindIII.
C) ori.
D) lacZ.
E) EcoRI.

Question 57

Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.