Deck 23: Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Which of the following statements about sepsis is FALSE?

A) It usually is caused by gram- positive bacteria.
B) Lymphangitis may occur.
C) Symptoms include fever and decreased blood pressure.
D) It may be aggravated by antibiotics.
E) It can be treated with antibiotics.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is the same for both relapsing fever and undulant fever?

A) presence of rash
B) mode of transmission
C) reservoir
D) etiology
E) vector

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following statements about group B streptococci is FALSE?

A) They cause neonatal sepsis.
B) They cause gram- positive sepsis.
C) They are classified as Streptococcus agalactiae.
D) They cause strep throat.
E) They are present in healthy carriers.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Streptobacillus - rat- bite fever
B) Spirillum - rat- bite fever
C) Pasteurella - cat- scratch disease
D) Borrelia - relapsing fever
E) Yersinia - plague

Question 5

Which of the following pairs does NOT apply to Chagas' disease?

A) diagnosis of acute phase - serological tests for antibodies
B) treatment - nifurtimox
C) reservoir - rodents
D) vector - kissing bug
E) causative agent - Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 6

Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is FALSE?

A) It can be congenital.
B) It is caused by a protozoan.
C) It is a severe illness in adults.
D) The reservoir is cats.
E) It is transmitted by the gastrointestinal route.

Question 7

A predisposing factor for infection by Clostridium perfringens is

A) an infected finger.
B) gangrene.
C) debridement.
D) hyperbaric treatment.
E) burns.

Question 8

Which of the following pairs regarding the epidemiology of malaria is mismatched?

A) found in liver - sporozoites
B) diagnosis - presence of merozoites
C) etiology - Plasmodium
D) treatment - antibiotics
E) vector - Anopheles

Question 9

You advise your pregnant friend to give her cat away because she could contract

A) Brukitt's Lymphoma
B) listeriosis.
C) infectious mononucleosis.
D) plague.
E) toxoplasmosis.

Question 10

Scrapings from a patient's rash reveal cercariae. The disease is most likely

A) Lyme disease.
B) Chagas' disease.
C) relapsing fever.
D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E) swimmer's itch.

Question 11

Which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis?

A) jaundice
B) gastroenteritis
C) relapsing fever
D) pneumonia
E) undulant fever

Question 12

A patient presents with inflammation of the heart valves, fever, malaise, and subcutaneous nodules at joints. The recommended treatment is

A) praziquantel.
B) chloroquine.
C) hyperbaric chamber.
D) anti- inflammatory drugs.
E) streptomycin.

Question 13

A patient has the following symptoms: a papule, enlarged lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the papule reveals nucleated cells in white blood cells. The patient most likely has

A) schistosomiasis.
B) anthrax.
C) brucellosis.
D) malaria.
E) leishmaniasis.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?

A) produces endotoxins
B) found in soil
C) is aerobic
D) is gram- positive
E) forms endospores

Question 15

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) cat- scratch disease - malignant pustule developing into septicemia
B) tularemia - a localized infection appearing as a small ulcer
C) brucellosis - a temperature of 40°C each evening
D) toxoplasmosis - congenital brain damage
E) Borrelia - rash and flulike

Question 16

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is FALSE?

A) The incidence has declined in the last ten years.
B) It is an inflammation of the heart.
C) It is rarely fatel, even when untreated.
D) It is an inflammation of the joints.
E) It is a complication of a group A beta- hemolytic streptococcal infection.

Question 17

A characteristic symptom of plague is

A) small red spots on the skin.
B) recurrent fever.
C) rose- colored spots.
D) nausea and vomiting.
E) swollen lymph nodes.

Question 18

Which of the following bacterial infections CANNOT be transmitted by dog or cat bites?

A) Fusobacterium
B) Bartonella henselae
C) Streptobacillus
D) Pasteurella multocida
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these bacterial infections can be transmitted by dog or cat bites.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about puerperal sepsis is FALSE?

A) Its frequency of occurrence has decreased because of antibiotics and aseptic techniques.
B) It is caused by health care personnel.
C) It is a complication of abortion or childbirth.
D) It begins as a focal infection.
E) It is transmitted from mother to fetus.

Question 20

Which of the following CANNOT be transmitted to humans from domestic cats?

A) plague
B) Bartonella
C) Chagas' disease
D) toxoplasmosis
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these diseases can be transmitted to humans from domestic cats.

Question 21

Epstein- Barr virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT

A) endocarditis.
B) infectious mononucleosis.
C) Hodgkin's disease.
D) nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
E) Burkitt's lymphoma.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about tularemia is FALSE?

A) It is caused by Francisella tularensis.
B) It may be transmitted by direct contact.
C) It may be transmitted by arthropods.
D) The most common reservoir is rabbits.
E) It occurs only in California.

Question 23

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?

A) anthrax - gram- positive
B) Rocky Mountain spotted fever - gram- negative
C) Ehrlichia - gram- positive
D) tularemia - gram- negative
E) Lyme disease - gram- negative

Question 24

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) acute bacterial endocarditis - Staphylococcus aureus
B) puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus
C) pericarditis - Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Burkitt's lymphoma - Epstein- Barr virus
E) subacute bacterial endocarditis - alpha- hemolytic streptococci

Question 25

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Dermacentor (tick)
B) epidemic typhus - Pediculus (louse)
C) dengue - Aedes (mosquito)
D) encephalitis - Ixodes (tick)
E) malaria - Anopheles (mosquito)

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT controlled by a mosquito eradication program?

A) yellow fever
B) dengue fever
C) malaria
D) schistosomiasis
E) chikungunya fever

Question 27

Arthropods can serve as a reservoir for all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) brucellosis.
B) plague.
C) epidemic typhus.
D) malaria.
E) yellow fever.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT transmitted in raw milk?

A) brucellosis
B) toxoplasmosis
C) anthrax
D) listeriosis
E) All of these can be transmitted in raw milk.

Question 29

Human- to- human transmission of plague is usually by

A) dog flea.
B) the respiratory route.
C) unsanitary conditions.
D) wounds.
E) rat flea.

Question 30

Bioweapons

A) are all respiratory pathogens.
B) have been used for centuries.
C) are impossible to detect.
D) are all viruses.
E) are not susceptible to antibiotics.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis?

A) Hantavirus infection
B) puerperal sepsis
C) tularemia
D) brucellosis
E) anthrax

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT typically treated with penicillin?

A) puerperal sepsis
B) pericarditis
C) rat- bite fever
D) anthrax
E) animal bites

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT treated with antibiotics?

A) Lyme disease
B) plague
C) ebola
D) anthrax
E) tularemia

Question 34

Unsanitary and crowded conditions increase the incidence of all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
B) epidemic typhus.
C) plague.
D) relapsing fever.
E) endemic murine typhus.

Question 35

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Francisella - gram- positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic coccirods
B) Bacillus - gram- positive endospore- forming rods
C) Brucella - gram- negative aerobic rods
D) Rickettsia - intracellular parasite
E) None of the pairs is mismatched.

Question 36

Which of the following produces a permanent carrier state following infection?

A) Borrelia
B) Yersinia
C) cytomegalovirus
D) Toxoplasma
E) Spirillum

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?

A) plague
B) epidemic typhus
C) tickborne typhus
D) malaria
E) relapsing fever

Question 38

The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT

A) endocarditis
B) microbial fermentation.
C) proteolytic enzymes.
D) necrotizing exotoxins.
E) hyaluronidase.

Question 39

Which of the following leads to all the others?

A) bacterial growth in endothelial cells
B) breakage of capillaries
C) subcutaneous hemorrhaging
D) presence of antirickettsial antibodies
E) blockage of capillaries

Question 40

A 62- year- old man was hospitalized with an eight- day history of fever, chills, sweats, and vomiting. His temperature on admission was 40°C. A routine peripheral blood smear revealed ring- shaped bodies in the RBCs. What treatment would you prescribe?

A) streptomycin
B) hyperbaric oxygen
C) no treatment
D) penicillin
E) mefloquine

Question 41

Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?

A) Spirillum
B) Yersinia
C) anthrax
D) Borrelia
E) cytomegalovirus

Question 42

Netting modified for sandflies should also be useful in preventing malaria.

Question 43

All viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have been confined to the Eastern Hemisphere.

Question 44

Lymph contains red blood cells.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax?

A) septic
B) cutaneous
C) gastrointestinal
D) inhalationial
E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are recognized forms of anthrax.

Question 46

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is commonly the result of infections initially focused on the oral cavity.

Question 47

A patient complains of fever, severe muscle and joint pain, and a rash. The patient reports returning from a Caribbean vacation one week ago. Which of the following do you suspect?

A) typhus
B) Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
C) yellow fever
D) dengue
E) Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever

Question 48

The most likely primary site of replication during mononucleosis is the B lymphocyte.

Question 49

Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?

A) treatable with penicillin
B) transmitted by ticks
C) accompanied by a rash
D) not contagious
E) affected mostly children

Question 50

All lymph that returns to the heart must pass through at least one lymph node.

Question 51

All forms of typhus are associated with arthropod vectors.

Question 52

Tularemia is considered to be a potential bioterrorism agent due its high infective dose.

Question 53

Neonatal sepsis is most commonly caused by group A streptococci.

Question 54

Worldwide, which disease is the most serious public health threat: malaria, Chagas' disease, or brucellosis? Explain why, and provide a plan to reduce the incidence of the disease.

Question 55

Pathogens must be blood- borne in order to initiate sepsis.

Question 56

On June 1, a 32- year- old hiker was bitten by a tick. After one week, he noticed an erythrematous ring at the location of the bite. Four weeks later, a physician found a large, macular, centrifugally spreading ring. During the next month, it expanded to 35 cm and faded. Over the next 2.5 years, the man experienced recurrent inflammation of a knee. Identify the periods of incubation, prodromal, illness, and decline. What is the etiology? What caused the symptoms? What treatment should have been administered in July? What treatment should be administered two years later?

Question 57

Which of the following statements about schistosomiasis is FALSE?

A) The female worm lives in a groove that runs down the body of the male.
B) The cercariae penetrate human skin.
C) It is caused by a roundworm.
D) A parasite of birds causes swimmer's itch in humans.
E) The intermediate host is an aquatic snail.