Deck 24: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Question 1

A patient has pneumonia. Gram- negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample. The etiology is

A) Legionella pneumophila.
B) Chlamydophila psittaci.
C) Streptococcus pneumonia.
D) Haemophilus influenzae.
E) Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis?

A) Influenzavirus
B) Mycoplasma
C) Histoplasma
D) Coccidioides
E) Legionella

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses?

A) Streptococcus
B) Coccidioides
C) Mycoplasma
D) Blastomyces
E) Staphylococcus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants?

A) Mycoplasma
B) rhinovirus
C) influenza
D) adenovirus
E) respiratory syncytial virus

Question 5

Which one of the following produces small "fried- egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?

A) Legionella
B) Chlamydophila
C) Streptococcus
D) Mycobacterium
E) Mycoplasma

Question 6

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) laryngitis - voice loss
B) sinusitis - headache and nasal mucous
C) pharyngitis - sore throat
D) epiglottitis - sore throat
E) otitis media - earache

Question 7

Which of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins?

A) psittacosis
B) scarlet fever
C) tuberculosis
D) whooping cough
E) diphtheria

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?

A) headache
B) muscle aches
C) fever
D) diarrhea
E) chills

Question 9

Which of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of age?

A) legionellosis
B) scarlet fever
C) diphtheria
D) coccidioidomycosis
E) psittacosis

Question 10

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick- walled cysts. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Mycobacterium
B) Pneumocystis
C) Blastomyces
D) Histoplasma
E) Coccidioides

Question 11

Infection by which of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?

A) Mycobacterium
B) Mycoplasma
C) Blastomyces
D) Streptococcus
E) Coccidioides

Question 12

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) Coxiella - Q fever
B) Chlamydophila - psittacosis
C) Burkholderia - melioidosis
D) Mycobacterium - whooping cough
E) Mycoplasma - walking pneumonia

Question 13

All of the following are used as first- line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT

A) fluoroquinolones.
B) isoniazid.
C) ethambutol.
D) pyrazinamide.
E) rifampin.

Question 14

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Bordetella pertussis
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
E) respiratory syncytial virus

Question 15

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Mycobacterium
B) Blastomyces
C) Pneumocystis
D) Coccidioides
E) Histoplasma

Question 16

Which one of the following is an irregular, gram- positive rod?

A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Pneumocystis jirovecii
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 17

Which of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?

A) Aspergillus
B) Rhizopus
C) Mucor
D) Pneumocystis
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?

A) tuberculosis - toxoid
B) diphtheria - toxoid
C) whooping cough - heat- killed bacteria
D) pneumococcal pneumonia - capsular polysaccharides
E) influenza - viruses grown in embryonated eggs

Question 19

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir?

A) histoplasmosis - soil
B) psittacosis - parakeets
C) coccidioidomycosis - air
D) tuberculosis - cattle
E) pneumocystis - humans

Question 20

The most effective means of preventing influenza is

A) isolation of carriers.
B) pasteurization of milk.
C) vector control.
D) administration of amantadine.
E) annual vaccination.

Question 21

A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having

A) scarlet fever.
B) diphtheria.
C) the common cold.
D) streptococcal pharyngitis.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 22

Members of the group A streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following EXCEPT

A) strep throat.
B) rheumatic fever.
C) scarlet fever.
D) epiglottitis.
E) pharyngitis.

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE?

A) Nearly 1/3 of the world's population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.
B) Nearly 1/3 of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis.
C) At least 1/3 of those who are TB- positive are also HIV- positive.
D) It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year.
E) Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE?

A) Treatment is tetracyclines.
B) Annual vaccination can prevent infection.
C) The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
D) The causative agent is a virus.
E) The causative agent cannot be cultured.

Question 25

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) Q fever - Rickettsia
B) whooping cough - Bordetella
C) melioidosis - Burkholderia
D) epiglottitis - Haemophilus
E) psittacosis - Chlamydia

Question 26

All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT

A) vaccination.
B) immunity to tuberculosis.
C) previous tuberculosis infection.
D) current tuberculosis infection.
E) being near someone with tuberculosis.

Question 27

The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT

A) IgA antibodies.
B) mucous secretions.
C) competition with the normal flora of the lungs.
D) alveolar macrophages.
E) the ciliary escalator.

Question 28

Soil is a reservoir for all of the following EXCEPT

A) Q fever.
B) melioidosis.
C) histoplasmosis.
D) blastomycosis.
E) coccidioidomycosis.

Question 29

All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT

A) it is transmitted via aerosols and contact.
B) the duration of symptoms is approximately one week.
C) early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms.
D) it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
E) complications include laryngitis and otitis media.

Question 30

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Bordetella
B) Corynebacterium
C) Haemophilus
D) Mycobacterium
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 31

Legionella is transmitted by

A) vectors.
B) airborne transmission.
C) foodborne transmission.
D) person- to- person contact.
E) fomites.

Question 32

A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Mycoplasma
B) Burkholderia
C) Bordetella
D) Mycobacterium
E) Corynebacterium

Question 33

Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which of the following organisms?

A) Chlamydophila
B) Mycoplasma
C) Blastomyces
D) Coccidioides
E) Streptococcus

Question 34

A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram- positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has

A) influenza.
B) tuberculosis.
C) the common cold.
D) pneumococcal pneumonia.
E) mycoplasmal pneumonia.

Question 35

The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918- 1919 were

A) residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the "Spanish Flu."
B) residents of the U.S.
C) infants and the elderly.
D) young adults.
E) members of the military.

Question 36

All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT

A) Mycobacterium.
B) Pneumocystis.
C) Histoplasma.
D) Coccidioides.
E) Blastomyces.

Question 37

Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) Bordetella pertussis
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 38

Which of the following does NOT cause otitis media?

A) Coxiella burnetii
B) Moraxella catarrhalis
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
D) Haemophilus influenzae
E) Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 39

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) Mycobacterium - acid- fast rod
B) Haemophilus - gram- negative rod
C) Mycoplasma - gram- positive pleomorphic rod
D) Bordetella - gram- negative pleomorphic rod
E) Corynebacterium - gram- positive rod

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?

A) RSV
B) Coccidioides
C) Influenzavirus
D) Coxiella
E) Chlamydophila

Question 41

It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.

Question 42

The symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.

Question 43

Pneumonia is diagnosed by the presence of fluid (dark shadows in an X- ray image) in the alveoli. Given that pneumonia usually is caused by a microorganism, what causes the fluid accumulation? Name a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, a protozoan, and a helminth that can cause pneumonia.

Question 44

Coccidioides immitis causes Valley fever, a disease that is endemic to the Mississippi Valley.

Question 45

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen?

A) Histoplasma
B) rhinovirus
C) Legionella
D) Mycoplasma
E) Pneumocystis

Question 46

Using diphtheria and whooping cough as examples, discuss why it is necessary to continue to vaccinate against diseases that are relatively rare in the U.S. today.

Question 47

The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Rhinovirus
B) Corynebacterium
C) Streptococcus
D) Bordetella
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 48

Risks for Q fever include contact with infected cattle and drinking unpasteurized milk.

Question 49

Most cases of sinusitis and otitis media will not resolve unless they are treated with antibiotics.

Question 50

A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis.

Question 51

Infections with Legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers.

Question 52

Vaccination with the influenza vaccine confers lifelong immunity to influenza virus.

Question 53

Infection by which of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?

A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Blastomyces dermatidis
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 54

The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Bordetella
B) Corynebacterium
C) Haemophilus
D) RSV
E) Mycobacterium

Question 55

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash?

A) Streptococcus
B) Blastomyces
C) Mycoplasma
D) Coccidioides
E) RSV

Question 56

The most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 57

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia, also known as "walking pneumonia."