Deck 21: reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

Question 1

IDENTIFICATIONS
"legitimacy"

Answer 1

Not answer

Question 2

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideologies of liberalism, nationalism, and early or utopian socialism? Why were liberalism, nationalism, and early socialism considered revolutionary by many people? How were these ideologies similar? How were they different?

Answer 2

Not answer

Question 3

IDENTIFICATIONS
balance of power

Answer 3

Not answer

Question 4

IDENTIFICATIONS
Concert of Europe

Question 5

Compare and contrast the concepts of romanticism as exhibited in Caspar David Friedrich's Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon with Eugene Delacroix's The Death of Sardanapalus.

Question 6

Compare the revolutions of Latin America to the revolutions of Europe during the early to middle decades of the nineteenth century.

Question 7

In what specific ways did Europe respond to the need for order in society in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 8

IDENTIFICATIONS
the congress system

Question 9

IDENTIFICATIONS
Edmund Burke and conservatism

Question 10

What might be political romanticism? Define it and give examples from the first half of the nineteenth century.

Question 11

IDENTIFICATIONS
Congress of Vienna

Question 12

Did the Congress of Vienna represent a resurgence of old traditions or the emergence of a new international order, or, perhaps, some of both?

Question 13

During the 1830s and 1840s, did Britain undergo a silent revolution of laws and gradual shifts?

Question 14

IDENTIFICATIONS
Latin America revolts

Question 15

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideology of conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century? How were these ideas put into practice between 1815 and 1830? How has conservative ideology changed over the last century?

Question 16

IDENTIFICATIONS
Joseph de Maistre and conservatism

Question 17

IDENTIFICATIONS
Klemens von Metternich

Question 18

Discuss the major ideas of Romanticism and show why they were related to the social, artistic, and literary forces of the age.

Question 19

Discuss the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy. What caused them? What did they achieve initially? Why did the revolutionary forces fail? What did the revolutions actually achieve?

Question 20

What were some of the means that governments attempted to maintain "order" in the nineteenth century? Which were most successful, and why?

Question 21

IDENTIFICATIONS
Charles Fourier's phalansteries

Question 22

IDENTIFICATIONS
utopian socialism

Question 23

IDENTIFICATIONS
Thomas Malthus

Question 24

IDENTIFICATIONS
John Stuart Mill

Question 25

IDENTIFICATIONS
France's July Revolution of 1830

Question 26

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Decembrist Revolt

Question 27

IDENTIFICATIONS
Greek Revolt

Question 28

IDENTIFICATIONS
Britain's Tories and Whigs

Question 29

IDENTIFICATIONS
Louis XVIII and Charles X

Question 30

IDENTIFICATIONS
Tsar Nicholas I

Question 31

IDENTIFICATIONS
Burschenschaften

Question 32

IDENTIFICATIONS
classical economics

Question 33

IDENTIFICATIONS
Corn Laws and the Peterloo Massacre

Question 34

IDENTIFICATIONS
On the Subjection of Women

Question 35

IDENTIFICATIONS
Louis Blanc and Flora Tristan

Question 36

IDENTIFICATIONS
Germanic Confederation

Question 37

IDENTIFICATIONS
Carbonari

Question 38

IDENTIFICATIONS
Monroe Doctrine

Question 39

IDENTIFICATIONS
David Ricardo's "iron law of wages"

Question 40

IDENTIFICATIONS
Robert Owen's New Lanark

Question 41

IDENTIFICATIONS
brothers Grimm

Question 42

IDENTIFICATIONS
Reform Act of 1832

Question 43

IDENTIFICATIONS
serjents, "bobbies," and Schutzmannschaft

Question 44

IDENTIFICATIONS
Goethe's The Sorrows of the Young Werther

Question 45

IDENTIFICATIONS
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Question 46

IDENTIFICATIONS
William Wordsworth

Question 47

IDENTIFICATIONS
France's Second Republic

Question 48

IDENTIFICATIONS
Louis Kossuth

Question 49

Caspar David Friedrich, J.M.W. Turner and Eugene Delacroix

Question 50

IDENTIFICATIONS
London Mechanics' Institute

Question 51

Ludwig von Beethoven and Hector Berlioz

Question 52

IDENTIFICATIONS
neo-Gothic architecture

Question 53

IDENTIFICATIONS
parties of Movement and Resistance

Question 54

IDENTIFICATIONS
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 55

IDENTIFICATIONS
Romanticism

Question 56

IDENTIFICATIONS
Giuseppe Mazzini and Young Italy

Question 57

IDENTIFICATIONS
Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron

Question 58

IDENTIFICATIONS
Jacksonian Democracy

Question 59

IDENTIFICATIONS
Sir Walter Scott

Question 60

IDENTIFICATIONS
revolutions of 1848

Question 61

The argument that population must be held in check for any progress to take place was popularized by

A) Adam Smith.
B) David Ricardo.
C) Joseph de Maistre.
D) Edmund Burke.
E) Thomas Malthus.

Question 62

By 1815, following the Congress of Vienna, the Italian peninsula

A) was entirely unified as a single country.
B) remained divided into several states subject to the domination of other European powers.
C) had been devastated by the last campaigns of Napoleon.
D) had been completely annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E) sunk into complete anarchy and chaos.

Question 63

The author of Reflections on the Revolution in France and the founder of modern philosophical conservatism was

A) Viscount Castlereigh
B) William Pitt the Younger.
C) Horatio Nelson.
D) Edmund Burke.
E) Robert Owen.

Question 64

Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" was another term for

A) freedom of religion.
B) economic liberalism.
C) the sanctity of marriage.
D) constitutional monarchy.
E) unfettered monarchy.

Question 65

Following the death of Alexander I in 1825, Russian society under Nicholas I became

A) the most liberal of the European powers.
B) rapidly industrialized.
C) an industrial power after the abolition of serfdom.
D) increasingly influenced by ultra-conservative societies, such as the Northern Union.
E) a police state, as the czar feared both internal and external revolutionary upheavals.

Question 66

The most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America was

A) European economic collapse.
B) the Monroe Doctrine guiding American foreign policy.
C) the sheer size of South America.
D) growing support for pacifism in Europe.
E) British naval power.

Question 67

The Congress of Vienna

A) gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B) created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C) failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D) treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E) sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.

Question 68

The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 did all of the following except

A) disband the Burschenshaften.
B) impose censorship on the German press.
C) placed most German universities under close government supervision.
D) dissolved several smaller German states.
E) placed restrictions upon university activities.

Question 69

At its most elementary Burkean level, conservatism

A) sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare.
B) became the most popular political philosophy in Russia.
C) sought above all else the achievement of individual rights.
D) was never popular among the political elite of Europe.
E) championed individual rights and laissez-faire government.

Question 70

The foremost social group embracing liberalism was made up by

A) factory workers.
B) the industrial middle class.
C) radical aristocrats.
D) army officers.
E) the landed gentry.

Question 71

Which one of the following was the English political party in power until 1830, the party that represented tradition?

A) Tories.
B) Republicans.
C) Checkers.
D) Whigs.
E) Democrats.

Question 72

By 1824, which one of the following Latin American states had not become independent?

A) Peru.
B) Paraguay.
C) Uruguay.
D) Colombia.
E) Panama.

Question 73

J.S. Mill's On the Subjection of Women stated that

A) women should be kept in the home to improve men's chances of finding work.
B) men and women did not possess different natures.
C) Parliament should admit women members immediately.
D) female convicts be shipped out to colonize Australia.
E) God and nature had ordained the permanent inferiority of women.

Question 74

The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is

A) José de San Martín.
B) Simón Bolívar.
C) Guillermo Pelgrón.
D) Simón Carreño.
E) George Washington.

Question 75

The foreign minister and diplomat who dominated the Congress of Vienna was

A) Klemens von Metternich.
B) Prince Talleyrand.
C) Tsar Alexander I.
D) Napoleon.
E) Duke of Wellington.

Question 76

Klemens von Metternich

A) supported much of the revolutionary ideology after Napoleon's defeat.
B) thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the status quo.
C) had little influence because of his extreme conservatism.
D) was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes.
E) believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.

Question 77

David Ricardo's iron law of wages stated that

A) wages would rise as competition eliminated inefficient producers.
B) wages would decline as productivity drove prices down.
C) wages would stay low as workers bred more children.
D) wages would rise as workers organized into unions.
E) wages were irrelevant; only commodities like pig iron mattered.

Question 78

France's representative at the Congress of Vienna was

A) Castlereigh.
B) Genet.
C) Rousseau.
D) Talleyrand.
E) Metternich.

Question 79

The growing forces of liberalism and nationalism in central Europe were exemplified by the

A) increased liberal reforms of Frederick William III of Prussia between 1815 and 1840.
B) national affinity and unity felt by the many Austrian ethnic groups under Frederick II.
C) liberal constitutions of the states of the German Confederation.
D) Burschenschaften, the student societies of Germany.
E) the enlightened leadership of central European political elites.

Question 80

Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity