Deck 22: an Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Question 1

In your opinion, what force or forces played the most important role in reviving the progress of European social and political reform in the later nineteenth century?

Answer 1

Not answer

Question 2

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Piedmont and the House of Savoy

Answer 2

Not answer

Question 3

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Napoleon III

Answer 3

Not answer

Question 4

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Count Camillo di Cavour

Question 5

Compare and contrast slavery in the United States with the serfdom in Imperial Russia, the abolition of both, and the resulting aftermath.

Question 6

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Baron Haussmann and Paris

Question 7

Whose role was more essential to the unification: Cavour's, Mazzini's, or Garibaldi's?

Question 8

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Crimean War

Question 9

What was Napoleon III's most positive and most negative legacies to France's future, and why?

Question 10

What were Marx's enduring insights?

Question 11

Compare the aims and accomplishments of Bismarck and Cavour. Which statesman faced the greatest challenges and who was most successful? Be specific.

Question 12

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Dardanelles and Sevastopol

Question 13

How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western world view and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Question 14

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Florence Nightingale

Question 15

How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How did Realism reflect the economic and social realities of Europe during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?

Question 16

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Mexico and Emperor Maximilian

Question 17

Was Louis Napoleon a monarch more in the vein of nineteenth-century liberalism or conservatism?

Question 18

"Despite the defeat of the revolutions of 1848, the forces of liberalism and nationalism triumphed after 1850." Discuss To what extent is this true in the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Great Britain?

Question 19

What reasons does the author give to convince the reader that continental industrialization came of age between 1850 and 1871? How did continental industrialization differ from England's?

Question 20

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Ottoman Empire

Question 21

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Franco-Prussian War

Question 22

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Alexander II and the serfs

Question 23

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North German Confederation

Question 24

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Zollverein

Question 25

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Ausgleich

Question 26

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Queen Victoria

Question 27

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Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Red Shirts

Question 28

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battles of Magenta and Solferino

Question 29

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the People's Will

Question 30

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zemstvos

Question 31

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Reform Act of 1867

Question 32

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"iron and blood" and Realpolitik

Question 33

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battles of Sadowa and Sedan

Question 34

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Austro-Prussian War

Question 35

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Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone

Question 36

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Dual Monarchy

Question 37

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Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Question 38

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 39

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Second German Empire

Question 40

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Count Otto von Bismarck

Question 41

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Marx's Das Kapital

Question 42

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Joseph Lister

Question 43

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"survival of the fit"

Question 44

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Auguste Comte and "positive knowledge"

Question 45

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Charles Darwin

Question 46

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Michael Faraday

Question 47

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Louis Pasteur

Question 48

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Elizabeth Blackwell

Question 49

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The Communist Manifesto

Question 50

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Hegel's dialectic

Question 51

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Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary

Question 52

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First International

Question 53

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Dominion of Canada

Question 54

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Dmitri Mendeleyev

Question 55

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bourgeoisie v. prolétariat

Question 56

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Gustave Courbet's The Stonebreakers

Question 57

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Franz Liszt

Question 58

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On the Origin of Species

Question 59

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Realism

Question 60

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Charles Dickens

Question 61

As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck

A) instituted vital liberal land reforms.
B) largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization.
C) was totally dependent on the Prussian military.
D) was extremely unpopular among ordinary Germans.
E) opposed any wars, always relying upon diplomacy as alternatives.

Question 62

Who once said "I was born and raised as an aristocrat?"

A) Count Cavour.
B) Abraham Lincoln.
C) Otto von Bismarck.
D) Giuseppe Mazzini.
E) Karl Marx.

Question 63

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Richard Wagner and Gesamtkunstwerk

Question 64

Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification,

A) instituted the Zollverein, the German customs union that drove industrial development.
B) followed a rigid plan for national unification at all costs.
C) was a liberal from lower class origins who used politics to achieve his reform goals.
D) practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy.
E) relied upon the diplomatic and military support of the Habsburgs in the Austro-Prussian War.

Question 65

Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was

A) the building of the Eiffel Tower.
B) the rededication of the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
C) a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities.
D) the damming of the Seine River below Paris for flood control.
E) the construction of the Maginot Line against German militarism.

Question 66

Napoleon's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in

A) the Crimea.
B) Italy.
C) Palestine.
D) Schleswig-Holstein.
E) Mexico.

Question 67

An overall result of the Crimean War was

A) the reinforcement of the Concert of Europe until World War I.
B) continued Russian expansionism in Europe for the next two decades.
C) increased involvement for Great Britain in continental affairs.
D) the destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification.
E) to lead to the breakup of the Holy Alliance.

Question 68

In the opinion of the British prime minister, the proclamation of a newly unified German state ruled by an emperor in 1871

A) could only bode well for stable future European state relations.
B) required immediate embargoes against all German manufactures.
C) implied British renunciation of all existing treaties.
D) entirely destroyed the previous European balance of power.
E) guaranteed peace, as a single Germany was better than many competing Germanies.

Question 69

The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 when

A) Garibaldi's Red Shirts defeated the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
B) Savoy was defeated with the aid of Prussian troops.
C) Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops.
D) Piedmont took control of Lombardy as a result of French abandonment of Venice.
E) the pope renounced any territorial claims in all of Italy.

Question 70

In the Italian War of 1859, Piedmont was allied with

A) Russia.
B) England.
C) Austria.
D) Prussia.
E) France.

Question 71

Of the following, under the Second Empire, Napoleon III was most interested in

A) the industrial development of France.
B) avoiding wars and foreign adventures.
C) enhancing civil liberties like free speech.
D) encouraging people to get involved in politics.
E) enhancing the position of the Catholic Church in French culture.

Question 72

The Second French Republic ended in 1851 when

A) Prussia invaded and occupied France.
B) the army overthrew the Republic in a coup.
C) the legislature voluntarily disbanded.
D) a tornado tore about the government buildings.
E) the voters abolished it in a vote.

Question 73

The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was

A) Giuseppe Mazzini.
B) Giuseppe Garibaldi.
C) Camillo di Cavour.
D) Victor Emmanuel.
E) the Duke of Alba.

Question 74

In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850's looked for leadership from

A) the Pope.
B) the kingdom of Piedmont.
C) the house of Habsburg.
D) the kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
E) Young Italy

Question 75

The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was

A) France.
B) Spain.
C) Papal States.
D) Savoy.
E) Austria.

Question 76

The Red Shirts fought for

A) Bismarck.
B) Cavour.
C) Garibaldi.
D) Mazzini.
E) Marx.

Question 77

The romantic nationalist who challenged Cavour for control of southern Italy was

A) Matteotti.
B) Mazzini.
C) Garibaldi.
D) Sforza.
E) Cavour.

Question 78

A result of Bismarck's Austro-Prussian War was

A) the incorporation of Austria into the North German Confederation.
B) a harsh treaty against Austria that reduced it to a second-rate power.
C) the Prussian liberals' disgust over Bismarck's unscrupulous policies.
D) the exclusion of Austria from the North German Confederation.
E) the immediate establishment of the German Empire.

Question 79

The Zollverein describes

A) the German states' customs union dominated by Prussia.
B) a conservative German nationalist group bent on unification of the country.
C) the lower house of the Prussian parliament.
D) Bismarck's liberal reform program.
E) Prussian Black Shirts, who led the German unification movement.

Question 80

England and France entered the Crimean War in 1854 because they feared growing influence in the Mediterranean by

A) Russia.
B) Turkey.
C) Germany.
D) Austria.
E) the United States.