Question 1

The type of person you could have been today if certain things had happened differently in the past is referred to in the text as your&#10;A)Potential self&#10;B)Ideal self&#10;C)Ought-to self&#10;D)Alternative self&#10;E)Aspirational self

Accepted Answer

The term "Alternative self" refers to the concept of who a person might have become under different circumstances or as a result of different choices made in the past.

Question 2

Mainiero and Sullivan's model of balance in women's careers was based on the metaphor of a&#10;A)Multi-layered onion&#10;B)Russian doll&#10;C)Flower garden&#10;D)Kaleidoscope&#10;E)Symphony

Accepted Answer

Mainiero and Sullivan's model uses the metaphor of a kaleidoscope to describe balance in women's careers, emphasizing how women rearrange the pieces of their lives to achieve balance as their priorities and situations change over time.

Question 3

In Katz and Kahn's theory, a 'role set' is&#10;A)A set of people with role expectations&#10;B)A set of behaviors to be conducted within the role&#10;C)A set of role expectations&#10;D)A set of role models&#10;E)A set of sometimes conflicting roles

Accepted Answer

A 'role set' in Katz and Kahn's theory refers to a group of individuals who have expectations regarding the behaviors and responsibilities associated with a particular role.

Question 4

The third of Nicholson's four stages of role transition is&#10;A)Encounter&#10;B)Adjustment&#10;C)Adaptation&#10;D)Reality check&#10;E)Stabilization

Accepted Answer

The third stage of Nicholson's four stages of role transition is Adjustment. This stage involves the individual making the necessary changes to successfully transition into their new role. It is a period of trial and error, as the individual may initially struggle with balancing their new responsibilities and adjusting to new routines. Once the individual has made the necessary adjustments, they can move on to the next stage of Adaptation.

Question 5

Which of the following is not included in Super's 'life/career rainbow'?&#10;A)Internal determinants of career behavior, e.g. attitudes&#10;B)External determinants of career behavior, e.g. social structure&#10;C)Stages of career development&#10;D)Eight different roles operating in the person's life&#10;E)The person's typical decision-making strategies

Accepted Answer

The Super's 'life/career rainbow' includes internal and external determinants of career behavior, stages of career development, eight different roles operating in the person's life, but it does not include the person's typical decision-making strategies.

Question 6

The career of Angelina Jolie is described in the text to illustrate&#10;A)Career stress&#10;B)The 'family' problem in women's careers&#10;C)Triumph over adversity&#10;D)Multiple roles&#10;E)Outer success concealing inner failure

Accepted Answer

The text describes how Angelina Jolie has had multiple roles in her career as an actress, director, and humanitarian. It highlights her ability to balance these roles and her success in each of them.

Question 7

According to the Chicago School, the concept of role provides a link between&#10;A)Personal identity and institutions&#10;B)Occupations and organizations&#10;C)Career and society&#10;D)Head and heart&#10;E)Stress and conflict

Accepted Answer

The Chicago School (a sociological perspective) emphasizes the importance of the concept of role in linking an individual's personal identity and behavior to larger social institutions.

Question 8

The career of Sienna, the typist who became an advertising executive, is used in the text to demonstrate&#10;A)Role expectations&#10;B)Capitalization on role opportunities&#10;C)Role innovation&#10;D)Role conflict&#10;E)Role adjustment

Accepted Answer

Sienna's career progression from a typist to an advertising executive illustrates role innovation, as she redefined her professional role and advanced beyond traditional expectations.

Question 9

'Emotional labor' is about&#10;A)Work that workers feel passionate about&#10;B)Feeling sympathy with co-workers performing roles they don't like&#10;C)'Faking' emotions to please customers and others&#10;D)Dealing with conflicts of social identity&#10;E)Having the role of providing services to clients who are emotionally distressed

Accepted Answer

Emotional labor refers to the effort required to manage one's emotions to provide a service to others that meets social or organizational expectations. This could involve faking emotions to please customers or clients, which is option C.

Question 10

A person's social identity is derived substantially from his or her&#10;A)In-built personality&#10;B)Occupational experiences&#10;C)Defense mechanisms&#10;D)Long-term aspirations&#10;E)Reference groups

Accepted Answer

A person's social identity is derived from the groups or categories to which they belong or compare themselves with, which are their reference groups. These reference groups can include anything from family, friends, work colleagues, to cultural, religious, or social groups. Therefore, a person's social identity is strongly influenced by their reference groups.

Deck 8: Careers As Roles