Question 1

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.&#10;A) Aortic and pulmonary valves control the blood flow into the heart.&#10;B) The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.&#10;C) The AV valves are supported by the chordae tendineae so that blood does not flow back into the atria during ventricular contraction.&#10;D) The tricuspid valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.

Accepted Answer

The AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) are supported by the chordae tendineae, which prevent the valves from everting into the atria during ventricular contraction and thereby prevent blood from flowing back into the atria. A is incorrect because the aortic and pulmonary valves control blood flow out of the heart, not into it. B and D are also incorrect because they describe incorrect anatomical relationships.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting system of the heart?&#10;A) bundle of His&#10;B) AV node&#10;C) SA node&#10;D) AV valve

Accepted Answer

The AV valve, also known as the atrioventricular valve, is not part of the conducting system of the heart. It is a type of heart valve that controls blood flow between the atria and the ventricles. The other three options (bundle of His, AV node, and SA node) are all structures that make up the conducting system of the heart, which is responsible for coordinating the electrical impulses that regulate heart rate and rhythm.

Question 3

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________&#10;A) right atrium&#10;B) left atrium&#10;C) right ventricle&#10;D) left ventricle

Accepted Answer

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the left atrium. This is because the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

Question 4

Where is the fossa ovalis?&#10;A) left atrium&#10;B) interatrial septum&#10;C) right atrium&#10;D) interventricular septum

Accepted Answer

The fossa ovalis is a depression or indentation in the interatrial septum, which separates the right and left atria of the heart. It is the remnant of the foramen ovale, a hole that existed in the fetal heart to allow blood to bypass the lungs.

Question 5

What is the serous membrane that surrounds the heart?&#10;A) peritoneum&#10;B) pleural cavity&#10;C) pericardium&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The serous membrane that surrounds the heart is called the pericardium. The peritoneum and pleural cavity are both membranes that surround other organs in the body.

Question 6

Deoxygenated blood enters which side of the heart?&#10;A) neither side&#10;B) right side&#10;C) left side&#10;D) both sides

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava. It then gets pumped into the lungs where it receives oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart as oxygenated blood.

Question 7

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle in order to ________.&#10;A) pump blood with greater pressure&#10;B) accommodate a greater volume of blood&#10;C) pump blood through a smaller valve&#10;D) expand the thoracic cage

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body, so it needs to generate greater pressure in order to do so effectively. A thicker wall allows it to generate this pressure.

Question 8

Cardiac muscle ________.&#10;A) has more than one nuclei per cell&#10;B) has gap junctions and intercalated discs&#10;C) lacks striations&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has gap junctions and intercalated discs, which allow for rapid conduction of electrical signals between cells, coordinating the contraction of the entire heart. Cardiac muscle also typically has one nucleus per cell and striations. Therefore, choices A and C are incorrect.

Question 9

The left coronary artery supplies blood to all the following EXCEPT ________.&#10;A) interventricular septum&#10;B) left ventricle&#10;C) left atrium&#10;D) right atrium

Accepted Answer

The left coronary artery supplies blood to the left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum. It does not supply blood to the right atrium, as this is supplied by the right coronary artery.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct about the structure of the heart wall?&#10;A) The myocardium is the layer of the heart wall that contracts.&#10;B) The heart chambers are lined by endomysium.&#10;C) Connective tissue in the heart helps in conduction of the action potential.&#10;D) The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.

Accepted Answer

The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall that is responsible for contracting and pumping blood. The endomysium is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual cardiac muscle fibers within the myocardium. Connective tissue in the heart does play a role in conduction, but the fibrous skeleton is the structure that provides the framework for the heart and helps to anchor the heart valves. Therefore, option A is the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

Question 11

What are the first vessels to branch off of the base of the ascending aorta and penetrate the myocardium of the heart wall?&#10;A) anterior interventricular artery&#10;B) coronary arteries&#10;C) cardiac veins&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the first vessels to branch...

Question 12

Trace the order of electrical excitation of the heart.&#10;A) AV node, SA node, AV bundle, bundle branches&#10;B) SA node, AV bundle, AV node, bundle branches&#10;C) SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trace the order of electrical excitation of...

Question 13

The source of blood carried to the capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.&#10;A) coronary veins&#10;B) coronary arteries&#10;C) fossa ovalis&#10;D) coronary sinus

Accepted Answer

The answer of The source of blood carried to the...

Question 14

What is the pacemaker of the heart?&#10;A) AV node&#10;B) bundle of His&#10;C) Purkinje fibers&#10;D) SA node

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the pacemaker of the heart?&#10;A)...

Question 15

Which vessels collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium?&#10;A) atrial arteries&#10;B) marginal arteries&#10;C) coronary veins&#10;D) coronary arteries

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which vessels collect deoxygenated blood from the...

Question 16

What is the deep groove between the right atrium and right ventricle that extends to the posterior surface?&#10;A) anterior interventricular sulcus&#10;B) posterior interventricular sulcus&#10;C) coronary sulcus&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the deep groove between the...

Question 17

When viewing a dissected sheep heart, it is easy to discern the right and left ventricles by ________.&#10;A) locating the apex&#10;B) tracing where the auricles connect&#10;C) finding the papillary muscles&#10;D) the thickness of the ventricle walls

Accepted Answer

The answer of When viewing a dissected sheep heart, it...

Question 18

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the ________.&#10;A) trabeculae carnea&#10;B) venae cavae&#10;C) papillary muscles&#10;D) pectinate muscles

Accepted Answer

The answer of Small muscle masses attached to the chordae...

Question 19

What is the outermost layer of the heart?&#10;A) endocardium&#10;B) myocardium&#10;C) epicardium&#10;D) parietal pericardium

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the outermost layer of the...

Deck 35: Anatomy of the Heart