Question 1

The single duct that drains urine from the bladder out of the body is the ________.&#10;A) ureter&#10;B) urethra&#10;C) renal pelvis&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The urethra is the single duct that drains urine from the bladder out of the body. The ureter is a duct that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the renal pelvis is a part of the kidney where urine accumulates before exiting the kidney through the ureter. Therefore, choices A and C are not correct.

Question 2

Which is NOT associated with the renal corpuscle?&#10;A) an afferent arteriole&#10;B) a fenestrated capillary&#10;C) a podocyte&#10;D) a vasa recta

Accepted Answer

The vasa recta is associated with the renal medulla and loops of Henle, but not specifically with the renal corpuscle. The other choices are all directly associated with the renal corpuscle.

Question 3

The renal artery branches into ________.&#10;A) interlobar arteries&#10;B) arcuate arteries&#10;C) segmental arteries&#10;D) cortical radiate arteries

Accepted Answer

The renal artery first branches into segmental arteries before further branching into interlobar, arcuate, and cortical radiate arteries.

Question 4

What is the muscular organ that temporarily stores urine?&#10;A) ureter&#10;B) bladder&#10;C) kidney&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine produced by the kidneys before it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. The ureter is a thin tube that carries urine from each kidney to the bladder, and the kidney is an organ that filters waste products from the blood and produces urine. None of these organs temporarily store urine like the bladder.

Question 5

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney.&#10;A) interlobar&#10;B) arcuate&#10;C) lobar&#10;D) cortical radiate

Accepted Answer

The arcuate artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney, running along the border to supply both areas with blood.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the ureters?&#10;A) Ureters have sphincters at their entrances to prevent backflow of urine.&#10;B) The ureters are lined with stratified squamous epithelium like the skin.&#10;C) The ureters are capable of peristalsis.&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The ureters are capable of peristalsis, which is the contraction of smooth muscles to propel urine from the kidney to the bladder. Choice A is incorrect as ureters do have a valve-like structure at their entrances to prevent backflow, but it is not a sphincter. Choice B is incorrect as the ureters are lined with transitional epithelium, not stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 7

What drains the blood from the glomerulus?&#10;A) renal artery&#10;B) efferent arteriole&#10;C) arcuate arteries&#10;D) afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

The efferent arteriole drains the blood from the glomerulus. The afferent arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus, while the arcuate arteries and renal artery are not directly involved in draining blood from the glomerulus.

Question 8

The nephron ends at the ________.&#10;A) descending limb&#10;B) distal convoluted tubule&#10;C) collecting duct&#10;D) ascending limb

Accepted Answer

The collecting duct is the final segment of the nephron where urine is concentrated and transported to the renal pelvis. The descending and ascending limbs are part of the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule comes before the collecting duct in the nephron.

Question 9

Urine passes through the ________.&#10;A) glomerulus to ureter to renal tubule&#10;B) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra&#10;C) renal hilum to the bladder to the ureter&#10;D) hilum to urethra to bladder

Accepted Answer

Urine passes through the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra before being eliminated from the body. The glomerulus and renal tubule are both parts of the nephron within the kidney, but they are not part of the pathway that urine takes to exit the body. The renal hilum is the entrance and exit point for blood vessels and the ureter in the kidney, but urine does not pass directly through it. The answer D is incorrect as the hilum is not a part of the route for the urine passage.

Question 10

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium?&#10;A) stratified squamous&#10;B) pseudostratified columnar&#10;C) simple squamous&#10;D) transitional

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder is composed of transitional epithelium, which is able to expand and contract in response to changes in volume. This type of epithelium is also found in the ureters and part of the urethra.

Question 11

Which cells of the kidney monitor NaCl concentrations?&#10;A) macula densa&#10;B) mesangial cells&#10;C) juxtaglomerular cells&#10;D) podocytes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cells of the kidney monitor NaCl...

Question 12

What anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall?&#10;A) perinephric fat&#10;B) the peritoneal cavity&#10;C) fibrous capsule&#10;D) renal fascia

Accepted Answer

The answer of What anchors the kidney to the abdominal...

Question 13

What type of epithelium line the urethral mucosa?&#10;A) stratified cuboidal epithelium&#10;B) stratified squamous epithelium&#10;C) transitional epithelium&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of epithelium line the urethral...

Question 14

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.&#10;A) loop of Henle&#10;B) glomerular capsule&#10;C) nephron&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functional and structural unit of the...

Question 15

The renal corpuscle is made up of ________.&#10;A) the descending loop of Henle&#10;B) the glomerular capsule&#10;C) the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule&#10;D) the renal papillae

Accepted Answer

The answer of The renal corpuscle is made up of...

Question 16

Where are the renal pyramids found in the kidney?&#10;A) hilum&#10;B) medulla&#10;C) cortex&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where are the renal pyramids found in...

Deck 43: Anatomy of the Urinary System