Question 1

What is the most common glial cell in the nervous system?&#10;A) satellite cells&#10;B) astrocyte&#10;C) microglia&#10;D) oligodendrocytes

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes are the most common type of glial cells in the nervous system, making up about 50% of all glial cells. They perform various functions such as providing structural support, regulating chemical balance, and participating in neural communication. Satellite cells are mostly found in the peripheral nervous system, microglia are immune cells that act as the first responders to damage or infection in the nervous system, and oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

Question 2

What detects changes inside and around the body?&#10;A) action potentials&#10;B) sensory receptors&#10;C) nerves&#10;D) effectors

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect changes inside and around the body, such as changes in temperature, pressure, and chemical composition. They are located in various parts of the body, including the skin, muscles, and organs, and they send signals to the brain and spinal cord to be interpreted as sensations. Action potentials and nerves are involved in transmitting these signals to and from the sensory receptors, while effectors are the muscles and glands that produce responses to these signals.

Question 3

What part of the nerve cell receives information from other cells and sends impulses toward the soma?&#10;A) soma&#10;B) axon&#10;C) dendrites&#10;D) synaptic terminal

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are the branches emanating from the cell body (soma) of the neuron that receive signals from other cells and transmit them toward the cell body.

Question 4

How many types of glial cells are found in the nervous system?&#10;A) two&#10;B) eight&#10;C) four&#10;D) six

Accepted Answer

There are six types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, and satellite cells.

Question 5

The cell that sends information from to another cell across a synapse is called the ________.&#10;A) presynaptic cell&#10;B) glial cell&#10;C) postsynaptic cell&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The presynaptic cell is the cell that sends information across a synapse to another cell, such as a neuron or muscle cell. The postsynaptic cell is the cell that receives the information, and glial cells support and protect the neurons but do not directly participate in synaptic communication.

Question 6

The following are all functions of the neuroglia EXCEPT ________.&#10;A) wrap around neurons&#10;B) support and anchor neurons&#10;C) produce electrical signals&#10;D) perform phagocytosis

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia do not produce electrical signals, that is the main function of neurons. The other options are all functions of neuroglia.

Question 7

What are the chemical messengers released by neurons?&#10;A) neurotransmitters&#10;B) hormones&#10;C) paracrines&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Neurons release neurotransmitters as chemical messengers to transmit signals to other neurons or target cells, such as muscle cells or gland cells. Hormones are chemical messengers released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream to act on target cells at a distance, while paracrines are local chemical messengers that act on nearby cells without traveling through the bloodstream.

Question 8

Which type of glial cells of the CNS wrap around neurons to isolate them from chemicals present in the interstitial fluid?&#10;A) astrocytes&#10;B) ependymal cells&#10;C) microglia&#10;D) oligodendrocytes

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes are the type of glial cells in the CNS that wrap around neurons to form a myelin sheath, which isolates the neurons from the surrounding interstitial fluid and increases the speed of electrical signal transmission.

Question 9

All of the following are glial cells of the CNS EXCEPT ________.&#10;A) astrocytes&#10;B) ependymal cells&#10;C) microglia&#10;D) satellite cells

Accepted Answer

Satellite cells are glial cells of the PNS, while astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia are glial cells of the CNS.

Question 10

All of the following are true about neurons EXCEPT ________.&#10;A) neurons have no influence on homeostasis&#10;B) receive electrical signals&#10;C) produced electrical signals&#10;D) interpret electrical signals

Accepted Answer

Neurons have a significant influence on homeostasis, as they are responsible for regulating many bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

Question 11

What type of tissue is specialized to respond to environmental changes?&#10;A) neural&#10;B) connective&#10;C) muscle&#10;D) epithelial

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of tissue is specialized to...

Question 12

The space between two connecting nerve cells is called the ________.&#10;A) synaptic terminal&#10;B) synaptic cleft&#10;C) synaptic vesicle&#10;D) synapse

Accepted Answer

The answer of The space between two connecting nerve cells...

Question 13

What area of the neuron contains most of the neuron's organelles?&#10;A) cell body/soma&#10;B) synaptic terminal&#10;C) dendrites&#10;D) axon

Accepted Answer

The answer of What area of the neuron contains most...

Question 14

All of the following are true of smooth muscle EXCEPT ________.&#10;A) multinucleated&#10;B) involuntary&#10;C) spindle-shaped&#10;D) nonstriated

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are true of...

Deck 10: Neural Tissue