Question 1

The ________ carry somatic motor neurons out of the cord and to skeletal muscles.&#10;A) anterior gray horns&#10;B) lateral gray horns&#10;C) posterior gray horns

Accepted Answer

The anterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons, which send axons out of the spinal cord through the ventral roots to innervate skeletal muscles.

Question 2

Which type of reflex has pathways in the cranial nerves?&#10;A) spinal reflexes&#10;B) somatic reflexes&#10;C) cranial reflexes&#10;D) visceral reflexes

Accepted Answer

Cranial reflexes have pathways in the cranial nerves, whereas spinal reflexes have pathways in the spinal cord. Somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscles, while visceral reflexes involve smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands. Therefore, the best choice is C, cranial reflexes.

Question 3

The ________ consists of motor neurons exiting the CNS and leading to effectors.&#10;A) dorsal root&#10;B) dorsal root ganglia&#10;C) filum terminale&#10;D) ventral root

Accepted Answer

The ventral root is responsible for carrying motor neurons away from the CNS and towards effectors, while the dorsal root carries sensory information towards the CNS. The dorsal root ganglia are clusters of sensory neurons located on the dorsal roots, and the filum terminale is a thin strand of fibrous tissue that extends inferiorly from the end of the spinal cord.

Question 4

Which branch of the peripheral nerves supplies the skin and muscles of the back?&#10;A) dorsal ramus&#10;B) ventral ramus&#10;C) gray ramus&#10;D) white ramus

Accepted Answer

The dorsal ramus supplies the skin and muscles of the back. The ventral ramus supplies the remaining anterior and lateral parts of the trunk, while the gray and white rami are components of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

The patellar &#34;knee jerk&#34; reflex is an example of a(n) ________.&#10;A) stretch reflex&#10;B) stress reflex&#10;C) extensor thrust reflex&#10;D) crossed-extensor reflex

Accepted Answer

The patellar reflex involves the stretch reflex, where tapping the patellar tendon stretches the quadriceps muscle causing it to contract and extend the leg.

Question 6

Where would a needle be inserted in order to perform a spinal tap?&#10;A) dura mater&#10;B) subdural space&#10;C) subarachnoid space&#10;D) epidural space

Accepted Answer

A needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater membranes to perform a spinal tap. This space contains cerebrospinal fluid that can be collected for diagnostic purposes.

Question 7

There are ________ segments of the spinal cord.&#10;A) 30&#10;B) 12&#10;C) 31&#10;D) 24

Accepted Answer

There are 31 segments of the spinal cord, each with a pair of spinal nerves that exit through intervertebral foramina to innervate various parts of the body.

Question 8

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is ________.&#10;A) femoral&#10;B) axillary&#10;C) phrenic&#10;D) sciatic

Accepted Answer

The femoral nerve is one of the major nerves of the lumbar plexus, originating from the anterior divisions of the L2-4 spinal nerves. It supplies motor and sensory innervation to the thigh and hip flexors. The axillary nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus, the phrenic nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus, and the sciatic nerve is a major nerve of the sacral plexus.

Question 9

Which of the following nerves does NOT arise from the brachial plexus?&#10;A) median&#10;B) phrenic&#10;C) radial&#10;D) ulnar

Accepted Answer

The phrenic nerve arises from the cervical plexus, not the brachial plexus. The other three nerves listed - median, radial, and ulnar - all arise from the brachial plexus.

Question 10

All of the following are spinal plexuses EXCEPT ________.&#10;A) lumbar plexus&#10;B) brachial&#10;C) thoracic plexus&#10;D) cervical plexus

Accepted Answer

The thoracic nerves do not form a plexus. The thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T12) primarily exit the spine and go directly to their target areas without forming a complex network or plexus like the cervical, brachial, and lumbar plexuses do.

Question 11

What is the space within the meninges of the spinal cord that contains the cerebrospinal fluid?&#10;A) pia mater&#10;B) subarachnoid space&#10;C) subdural space&#10;D) epidural space

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the space within the meninges...

Question 12

Which nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm and digits, the pronator muscles, and the lateral skin of the hand?&#10;A) median&#10;B) radial&#10;C) axillary&#10;D) ulnar

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which nerve innervates the flexor muscles of...

Question 13

There are ________ cervical nerves.&#10;A) five&#10;B) 10&#10;C) seven&#10;D) eight

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are ________ cervical nerves.&#10;A) five&#10;B) 10&#10;C)...

Question 14

What is the fibrous connective tissue layer that attaches to the bony walls of the spinal cord?&#10;A) dura mater&#10;B) pia mater&#10;C) arachnoid mater&#10;D) epidural space

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fibrous connective tissue layer...

Question 15

Which part of the reflex arc is activated by a stimulus?&#10;A) efferent neuron&#10;B) afferent neuron&#10;C) receptor&#10;D) integrating center

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which part of the reflex arc is...

Question 16

What is the opening in the gray matter that contains cerebrospinal fluid?&#10;A) gray horns&#10;B) gray commissure&#10;C) central canal&#10;D) white columns

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the opening in the gray...

Question 17

Which of the following is the proper order of the five steps involved in the reflex arc?&#10;A) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor&#10;B) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor&#10;C) receptor, afferent neuron, integration, efferent neuron, effector&#10;D) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the proper...

Question 18

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.&#10;A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord&#10;B) the thalamus&#10;C) sympathetic ganglia&#10;D) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of...

Question 19

Which of the following nerves contain ANS neurons?&#10;A) thoracic nerves&#10;B) coccygeal nerves&#10;C) cervical nerves&#10;D) all lumbar nerves

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following nerves contain ANS...

Question 20

The ________ extends past the conus medullaris to anchor the spinal cord in the sacrum.&#10;A) lumbar enlargement&#10;B) cervical enlargement&#10;C) filum terminale&#10;D) cauda equina

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ extends past the conus medullaris...

Deck 24: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes