Deck 30: Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Which of the following male reproductive organs in a dicot flower is haploid (n)?

A)stamen
B)anther wall
C)sperm cell
D)anther

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The function of antipodals in an embryosac is

A)to attract and guide the pollen tube to the embryosac.
B)double fertilization.
C)unknown.
D)both A and B.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The ovary is most often located on/in the

A)stamen.
B)carpel.
C)petals.
D)sepals.
E)receptacle.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following stages in the development of a male gametophyte is haploid (n)?

A)microsporocyte
B)generative cell
C)anther
D)stamen

Question 5

At the conclusion of meiosis in plants,the end products are always four haploid

A)spores.
B)eggs.
C)sperm.
D)seeds.

Question 6

A mature,unfertilized ovule in an angiosperm is the result of

A)a single meiotic division.
B)a single mitotic division.
C)both meiotic and mitotic divisions.
D)mitosis from the megaspore mother cell.

Question 7

During the process of evolution of an angiosperm,

A)the sporophyte became larger,more complicated,and short lived.
B)the sporophyte became reduced,smaller,simpler,and long lived.
C)the gametophyte became reduced,smaller,simpler,and short lived.
D)the gametophyte became larger,simpler,and long lived.
E)the sporophyte became reduced,smaller,and long lived.

Question 8

Which of the following floral parts is correctly matched?

A)anther-microsporangia
B)petals-protecting floral parts in unopened buds
C)sepals-attractive for insects
D)stamen-megasporangium

Question 9

The three characteristics of all angiosperms are

A)tap root,flowers,and fruits.
B)flowers,double fertilization,and fruits.
C)tap roots,adventitious roots,and xylem vessels.
D)double fertilization,seeds,and fruits.

Question 10

Arrange the following stages in the life cycle of an angiosperm in a correct sequence.
I)gametophyte development
Ii)double fertilization
Iii)pollination
Iv)seed development

A)ii,i,iii,iv
B)i,ii,iii,iv
C)i,iii,ii,iv
D)i,iv,iii,ii

Question 11

In the process of evolution,________ in the life cycle became reduced in size and completely dependent on ________ for nutrients.

A)gametophyte;sporophyte
B)gametophyte;zygote
C)sporophyte;flower
D)sporophyte;gametophyte

Question 12

Which of the following is a multiple fruit?

A)apple
B)pineapple
C)raspberry
D)pea

Question 13

A fruit that develops from many separate carpels of one flower is referred as

A)a simple fruit.
B)an aggregate fruit.
C)a multiple fruit.
D)an accessory fruit.

Question 14

In a typical dicot ovule,a surviving megaspore divided by ________ consecutive mitotic divisions without cytokinesis results in ________ nuclei.

A)2;6
B)3;8
C)3;12
D)4;16
E)1;1

Question 15

The imbibition in seeds takes place during seed germination because of

A)the uptake of water due to the high water potential of the dry seed.
B)the loss of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed.
C)the uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed.
D)the loss of water due to the high water potential of the seed.

Question 16

The union of a sperm cell with ________ of the female gametophyte is referred as double fertilization.

A)two polar nuclei
B)two synergids
C)two antipodals
D)megasporocyte

Question 17

The ________ is (are)the first plant organ(s)that emerge(s)during the process of seed germination.

A)shoot
B)root
C)leaves
D)cotyledons

Question 18

Microsporangia in flowering plants are located in the

A)stamen.
B)carpel.
C)petals.
D)sepals.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence during the alternation of generations in the life cycle in a flowering plant?

A)sporophyte → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes → fertilization → diploid zygote
B)sporophyte → mitosis → gametophyte → meiosis → sporophyte
C)haploid gametophyte → gametes → meiosis → fertilization → diploid sporophyte
D)sporophyte → spores → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes

Question 20

At the end of meiosis (without cytokinesis),a diploid cell in a dicot flower ovule produce

A)four unidentical haploid cells.
B)four unidentical diploid nuclei.
C)two identical cells.
D)four unidentical haploid nuclei.

Question 21

Which of the following is correctly paired with its life cycle generation?

A)anther-sporophyte
B)pollen-sporophyte
C)embryo sac-gametophyte
D)stamen-gametophyte

Question 22

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths,a ________,which covers the young shoot,and a(n)________,which covers the young root.

A)cotyledon;radicle
B)hypocotyl;epicotyl
C)coleoptile;coleorhiza
D)scutellum;coleoptile

Question 23

When a diploid cell in the ovule develops into a seed without sexual reproduction,it is referred to as

A)apomixis.
B)asexual reproduction.
C)cloning.
D)meiosis.

Question 24

Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit?

A)lettuce
B)radish
C)cabbage
D)okra

Question 25

The products of asexual reproduction in plants are

A)clones,and they do not require the fusion of egg and sperm.
B)genetically unidentical.
C)clones,and they require the union of gametes.
D)somatically different.

Question 26

Which of the following events suggests there is a change in the egg cell membrane after penetration by a sperm?

A)The pollen tube grows away from the egg toward the polar nuclei.
B)The Ca²⁺ concentration increases in the cytoplasm of the egg.
C)The egg plasmolyzes.
D)Double fertilization occurs.

Question 27

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

A)protect against animal predation.
B)ensure double fertilization.
C)form a seed coat.
D)direct development of the endosperm.

Question 28

Which of the following plants is correctly matched with its fruit type?

A)peas-aggregate
B)raspberry-simple
C)beans-simple
D)pineapple-accessory

Question 29

In flowering plants,a mature male gametophyte contains

A)two haploid gametes and a diploid pollen grain.
B)a generative cell and a tube cell.
C)two sperm nuclei and one tube cell nucleus.
D)two haploid microspores.

Question 30

Seeds develop from

A)receptacles.
B)fertilized eggs.
C)an ovary.
D)ovules.

Question 31

Which of the following pollinating agents is correctly matched with the type of plant it helps pollinate?

A)water-terrestrial plants
B)animals-aquatic plants
C)wind-grasses
D)sand-desert plants

Question 32

Which of the following is the correct sequence of processes that takes place when a flowering plant reproduces?

A)meiosis → fertilization → ovulation → germination
B)fertilization → meiosis → nuclear fusion → formation of embryo and endosperm
C)meiosis → pollination → nuclear fusion → formation of embryo and endosperm
D)growth of pollen tube → pollination → germination → fertilization

Question 33

Which of the following occurs in an angiosperm ovule?

A)An antheridium forms from the megasporophyte.
B)A megaspore mother cell (megasporocyte)undergoes meiosis.
C)The nucleus forms a diploid egg.
D)A pollen tube emerges to accept pollen after pollination.

Question 34

In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent?

A)ovule-egg
B)embryo sac-female gametophyte
C)endosperm-male gametophyte
D)seed-zygote

Question 35

What typically results from double fertilization in angiosperms?

A)The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue.
B)A triploid zygote is formed.
C)Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed.
D)Two embryos develop in every seed.

Question 36

Three mitotic divisions within the female gametophyte of a flowering plant will produce

A)three antipodal cells,two polar nuclei,one egg,and two synergids.
B)the triple fusion nucleus.
C)three pollen grains.
D)two antipodal cells,two polar nuclei,two eggs,and two synergids.

Question 37

Which of the following best describes the ploidy level of a fertilized embryo sac?

A)All cells are diploid.
B)All cells are triploid.
C)All cells are polyploid.
D)There are haploid,diploid,and triploid cells.

Question 38

Which of the following plant seeds disperse by water?

A)coconut
B)dandelions
C)maple
D)puncture wine

Question 39

Callus is a group of

A)ground tissue.
B)vascular tissue.
C)meristematic tissue.
D)undifferentiated cells.

Question 40

Where does meiosis occur in a flowering plant?

A)megasporocyte
B)microsporocyte
C)pollen tube
D)megasporocyte and microsporocyte

Question 41

Based on Figure 30.1,which cell(s)become(s)the triploid endosperm?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 42

Which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination?

A)dioecious
B)monoecious
C)complete
D)wind-pollinated

Question 43

Plant biotechnology is an effective tool for

A)reducing world hunger.
B)increasing the import of oil.
C)decreasing genetic diversity.
D)increasing the incompatibility of fertilization.

Question 44

Transgenic plants (plants modified by biotechnology tools)are

A)resistant for pests.
B)likely to increase soil erosion.
C)intolerant for pesticides.

Question 45

Biofuels are mainly produced by

A)the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented.
B)plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline.
C)the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants.
D)transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene.

Question 46

You are studying a plant from the Amazon rain forest that shows strong self-incompatibility.To characterize this reproductive mechanism,you would look for

A)ribonuclease (RNAase)activity in stigma cells.
B)RNA in the plants.
C)pollen grains with very thick walls.
D)carpels that cannot produce eggs by meiosis.
E)systems of wind,but not insect,pollination.

Question 47

A parent with an S₁S₂ genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

A)S₁S₃
B)S₂S₃
C)S₃S₄
D)S₁S₄

Question 48

Based on Figure 30.1,which cell(s)guide(s)the pollen tube to the egg cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 49

Recent research has shown that fertilization requires that carpels recognize pollen grains as "self" or "non-self." For self-incompatibility,the system requires

A)the rejection of non-self cells.
B)the rejection of self cells.
C)carpel incompatibility with the egg cells.
D)that the flowers be incomplete.

Question 50

Which of the following can cause abnormal development of floral parts?

A)pollinators
B)a mutation in a gene
C)floral meristem
D)apical meristem

Question 51

Which of the following could be considered an evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

A)increased success of progeny in a stable environment
B)increased agricultural productivity in a rapidly changing environment
C)maintenance and expansion of a large genome
D)production of numerous progeny

Question 52

The introduction of genes using biotechnological techniques (genetic engineering)from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis in corn and cotton crops

A)reduces the use of chemical insecticides.
B)decreases the crop yield by reducing the pests.
C)makes them resistant to extreme weather conditions.
D)makes them susceptible to extreme weather conditions.

Question 53

Here is the ABC hypothesis of the impact of genes A,B,and C on floral part development:
I)"A" genes are switched on in the two outer whorls (sepals and petals).
Ii)"B" genes are switched on in the two middle whorls (petals and stamens).
Iii)"C" genes are switched on in the inner two whorls (stamens and carpels).
Which of these genes are active for petals?

A)i
B)i and ii
C)i and iii
D)iii and iv

Question 54

Due to the limitation of land and water resources on planet earth,biotechnology can help to increase the crop yields to meet human needs and demands in the years to come.Farmers have to produce ________% more grain per hectare to feed human population in ________.

A)25;2035
B)40;2030
C)50;2050
D)20;2030

Question 55

Cassava is a ________ crop that has been modified by biotechnology experiments.

A)shoot
B)root
C)rhizome
D)leaf

Question 56

The most abundant organic compounds on planet Earth that are essential and a great resource to produce biofuels are

A)cellulose.
B)lignin.
C)protein.
D)lipid.

Question 57

Which of the following is a true statement about clonal reproduction in plants?

A)Clones of plants do not occur naturally.
B)Cloning,although achieved in animals,has not been demonstrated in plants.
C)Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation.
D)Reproduction of plants by cloning may be either sexual or asexual.

Question 58

Which of the following is true about vegetative reproduction?

A)It involves both meiosis and mitosis to produce haploid and diploid cells.
B)It produces vegetables and not fruits.
C)It involves meiosis only.
D)It produces clones of the parent plant.

Question 59

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown in Figure 30.1.
Figure 30.1
Based on Figure 30.1,which cell(s),after fertilization,give(s)rise to the embryo plant?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 60

A plant has a set of multiple alleles for "self" gene "S," which causes self-incompatibility (the ability of plant to reject its own pollen or pollen from closely related plants)to fertilize the egg.Here is a set of plants (sporophytes)with genotypes:
I)S₁S₂
Ii)S₂S₃
Iii)S₃S₃
Iv)S₁S₃
The S₃ pollen from S₂S₃ parental sporophyte cannot fertilize the eggs of

A)i
B)ii
C)iii
D)iv

Question 61

The number of megaspores that survive in each ovule after meiosis in megasporocyte is

A)1)
B)2)
C)3)
D)4)

Question 62

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

A)Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species.
B)Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.
C)Stocks provide root systems for grafting.
D)Grafting creates new species.

Question 63

In vitro plant cultures produce

A)unidentical plants.
B)the possibility to regenerate genetically modified plants.
C)plants at a much slower pace.
D)plants with high vigor.

Question 64

The pollen produced by wind-pollinated plants is often smaller than the pollen produced by animal-pollinated plants.A reason for this might be that

A)wind-pollinated plants,in general,are smaller than animal-pollinated plants.
B)wind-pollinated flowers don't need large pollen grains because they don't have to attract animal pollinators.
C)small pollen grains can be carried farther by the wind.
D)animal pollinators are more facile at picking up large pollen grains.

Question 65

"Golden rice"

A)is resistant to various herbicides,making it practical to weed rice fields with those herbicides.
B)is resistant to a virus that commonly attacks rice fields.
C)includes bacterial genes that produce a toxin that reduces damage from insect pests.
D)has a modified genome that includes transgenes that lead to increased vitamin A content.

Question 66

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female.After double fertilization,what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

A)embryo X/endosperm XX or embryo Y/endosperm XY
B)embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY
C)embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY
D)embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY

Question 67

The floral parts are arranged in concentric whorls.Which of the following sequences of floral parts is correct from the center to periphery of the receptacle?

A)stamens,corolla,calyx,carpels
B)carpels,stamens,corolla,calyx
C)calyx,corolla,stamens,carpels
D)calyx,stamens,carpels,corolla

Question 68

Double fertilization means that

A)flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds.
B)every egg must receive two sperm to produce an embryo.
C)one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg,and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei.
D)every sperm has two nuclei.

Question 69

The technique of plant cross breeding facilitates plant breeders to

A)produce crops with desirable traits.
B)reduce the vigor of crops.
C)reduce the yield and quality of crops.
D)increase the susceptibility for diseases.

Question 70

How many times does the surviving megaspore divide to produce eight haploid nuclei?

A)2 with cytokinesis
B)3 without cytokinesis
C)3 with cytokinesis
D)2 without cytokinesis

Question 71

A fruit develops from an

A)ovum.
B)embryo.
C)ovule.
D)ovary.

Question 72

Several million people around the world experience malnutrition or hunger due to lack of nutritious food.Which tool would be most effective in helping alleviate human malnutrition and hunger?

A)cloning
B)crop breeding
C)tissue culture
D)self-pollination
E)vegetative reproduction