Deck 4: Personality and Values

Question 1

You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project that requires creativity,stamina and farsightedness.The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs type of each of the applicants.Use your knowledge of the four basic characteristics of each person to choose people for the following situation. You need to choose a lead person for the team.This person must have great vision and must have an original mind with great drive.You will likely pick the following type of individual:

A)ENTP.
B)ENFP.
C)ISFP.
D)INTJ.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In addition to making hiring choices based on personality tests,managers could also use them for:

A)determining cutbacks.
B)setting pay scales.
C)determining promotions.
D)understanding and managing current employees.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following BEST describes the Big Five factor of conscientiousness?

A)calm,self-confident and secure,as opposed to nervous,depressed and insecure
B)responsible,dependable,persistent and organised
C)sociable,gregarious and assertive
D)good-natured,cooperative and trusting

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The most frequently used definition of personality was created by:

A)Anna Freud.
B)Sigmund Freud.
C)Lawrence Kohlberg.
D)Gordon Allport.

Question 5

A self-report survey asks respondents to evaluate:

A)their co-workers.
B)their employers.
C)themselves.
D)industry competitors.

Question 6

You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project that requires creativity,stamina and farsightedness.The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs type of each of the applicants.Use your knowledge of the four basic characteristics of each person to choose people for the following situation. You are looking for an organiser,a person on whom you can depend to be practical and realistic.You will probably pick:

A)ENTP.
B)ISFP.
C)ESTJ.
D)INTJ.

Question 7

Which of the following personality-shaping forces is a hereditary factor?

A)protestant work ethic
B)culture
C)experience
D)genes

Question 8

Which of the following tools has been shown to be most useful for helping managers forecast who will be best for a job?

A)individual interviews
B)committee interviews
C)personality tests
D)online surveys

Question 9

Personality is defined by psychologists as:

A)traits that cannot be measured.
B)the growth and development of a person's whole psychological system.
C)always stable.
D)all of the above.

Question 10

Gordon Allport described personality as:

A)how a person behaves.
B)the measurable traits a person exhibits.
C)the mental and physical systems that a person uses to determine their interaction with the environment they find themselves in.
D)Something completely different to how we think of personality today.

Question 11

You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project that requires creativity,stamina and farsightedness.The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs type of each of the applicants.Use your knowledge of the four basic characteristics of each person to choose people for the following situation. You need a person who is innovative,individualistic,versatile and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas.You will probably choose a person with a (an)_______ personality type.

A)ISFP
B)ENTP
C)ESFJ
D)INTJ

Question 12

Which of the following is a personality determinant?

A)heredity
B)environment
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B

Question 13

Which of the following BEST describes an ESTJ?

A)a quiet person
B)an organiser
C)a domineering individual
D)a reserved person

Question 14

Which of the following BEST describes the Big Five factor of emotional stability?

A)imaginative,sensitive and curious
B)responsible,dependable,persistent and organised
C)good-natured,cooperative and trusting
D)calm,self-confident and secure,as opposed to nervous,depressed and insecure

Question 15

Personality traits are:

A)more static among adolescents than in adults.
B)equally changeable for adolescents as well as adults.
C)characteristics that change by different amounts depending on age.
D)certain characteristics displayed by people in many different situations.

Question 16

Which of the following BEST describes the Big Five factor of extraversion?

A)responsible,dependable,persistent and organised
B)sociable,gregarious and assertive
C)imaginative,sensitive and curious
D)good-natured,cooperative and trusting

Question 17

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator examines all of the following classifications EXCEPT:

A)intelligent versus challenged.
B)perceiving versus judging.
C)sensing versus intuitive.
D)extraverted versus introverted.

Question 18

A significant difference between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)and the Big Five model is that:

A)both are personality tests.
B)there is no difference between the two.
C)the MBTI is a much better predictor of behaviour.
D)the MBTI lacks a body of research to support it,while the opposite is true of the Big Five model.

Question 19

As the manager of a department in an electronics firm,you have been asked to take on some new staff.You're considering using a self-reported personality survey to check the personalities of your potential employees. Robert has applied for a position,and when you check the results of his self-reported personality survey,you are uncertain of the value of the instrument in light of his results.What is a probable weakness of the self-reported personality survey in this case?

A)Robert may create a fake positive response to create misleading results.
B)Robert may de-emphasise his actual level of conscientiousness.
C)Robert may de-emphasise his actual level of emotional stability.
D)Robert may not be able to remember the correct answer due to the pressure of the interview.

Question 20

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator,_________ are conceptualisers.
A)ENTPs

A)ESTJs
B)INTJs
C)MBTIs

Question 21

Research in Finland suggests which of the following concerning time structure?

A)Conscientiousness strongly predicts the lack of time structure even above and beyond contextual factors that might impede it.
B)It is not necessary in order to be gainfully employed.
C)It is important for unemployed people to cope effectively with unemployment via having time structure,and people with high levels of conscientiousness are more likely to do this well.
D)People with low levels of conscientiousness create time structure more easily than others.

Question 22

You are the manager of a small boutique.You have decided to apply the Big Five model in order to understand your employees and their work habits.This is because this model is generally supported by an impressive body of research.You want to use the five dimensions of personality to match individuals with jobs to which they are well suited. Liana Tam,one of your most loyal employees,scores very high on openness to experience.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Liana?

A)She will be resistant to change.
B)She is likely to be creative.
C)She will be socially dominant.
D)She is likely to live longer than most other people.

Question 23

Many studies of unemployed job seekers have found that conscientiousness and extraversion were predictive of all of the following EXCEPT:

A)networking intensity.
B)general job search intensity.
C)interview callbacks.
D)failed job interviews.

Question 24

You are the manager of a small boutique.You have decided to apply the Big Five model in order to understand your employees and their work habits.This is because this model is generally supported by an impressive body of research.You want to use the five dimensions of personality to match individuals with jobs to which they are well suited. Michelle Radcliffe,one of your newest employees,is an extravert.Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Michelle will be quite comfortable with solitude.
B)Michelle will have strong social skills.
C)You should expect Michelle to be impulsive.
D)Michelle will probably have a large number of relationships.

Question 25

Self-monitoring individuals:

A)readily adapt to new situations.
B)are often resistant to change.
C)rarely contradict themselves.
D)usually act the same in public as they do in private.

Question 26

Research on unemployed university students suggests which of the following?

A)Positive affectivity allows for more openness in looking for a job,and hence is more likely to result in a job offer.
B)Negative affectivity actually leads to more job offers,because interviewees are less likely to sound sycophantic in job interviews.
C)Positive affectivity is important in getting interviews,job offers,and becoming employed,primarily because these particular jobseekers tend to procrastinate more.
D)There is no correlation between affectivity and interviews,job offers,and becoming employed.

Question 27

Which of the following BEST describes the Big Five factor of agreeableness?

A)calm,self-confident and secure
B)sociable,gregarious and assertive
C)good-natured,cooperative and trusting
D)imaginative,sensitive and curious

Question 28

Pauline Wood is a new manager.She recognises that personality attributes can help to explain and predict employee behaviour. A new position requires an employee who can adjust their behaviour to external situations as needed.She should identify the employee with a _______ for a good fit.

A)narcissistic personality
B)low Mach score
C)high Mach score
D)self-monitoring personality

Question 29

Low self-monitors:

A)tend to pay less attention to the behaviour of others than high self-monitors.
B)tend to be more mobile in their careers.
C)can disguise themselves well.
D)have a low behavioural consistency between who they are and what they do.

Question 30

Which of the following BEST describes the Big Five factor of openness to experience?

A)imaginative,sensitive and curious
B)responsible,dependable,persistent and organised
C)sociable,gregarious and assertive
D)good-natured,cooperative and trusting

Question 31

________ is the degree to which people like or dislike themselves.

A)Core self-evaluation
B)Authoritarianism
C)Machiavellianism
D)Proactive personality

Question 32

If a person's core self-evaluation is too positive,it may lead to

A)high levels of competence.
B)high levels of Machiavellianism.
C)overconfidence and infallibility.
D)extraversion and self-confidence.

Question 33

Machiavellianism,narcissism and psychopathy are known as the:

A)Dark Triad.
B)Neurotic Three.
C)Big Three.
D)Psychotic Three.

Question 34

You are the manager of a small boutique.You have decided to apply the Big Five model in order to understand your employees and their work habits.This is because this model is generally supported by an impressive body of research.You want to use the five dimensions of personality to match individuals with jobs to which they are well suited. Mike Fisher is an older staff member who is close to retirement.His behaviour tends to be very conservative,being cautious with his personal decisions.He usually has a very clean desk and dislikes it when his routine is changed.You decide that Mike is likely to adhere to the following personality type:

A)emotional stability
B)openness
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness

Question 35

All of the following are characteristics of the proactive personality EXCEPT:

A)they show initiative.
B)they are likely to voice their displeasure when situations aren't to their liking.
C)they are faster workers.
D)they select,create and influence work situations in their favour.

Question 36

All of the following have been proven to be strong predictors of job search behaviour EXCEPT:

A)conscientiousness.
B)extraversion.
C)self-esteem.
D)narcissism.

Question 37

You are the manager of a small boutique.You have decided to apply the Big Five model in order to understand your employees and their work habits.This is because this model is generally supported by an impressive body of research.You want to use the five dimensions of personality to match individuals with jobs to which they are well suited. Jean Simpson rates low in conscientiousness.You should expect that she will:

A)find comfort in the familiar.
B)be nervous,depressed and insecure.
C)be comfortable with solitude.
D)be easily distracted.

Question 38

How would you describe an individual who is capable of presenting striking contradictions between who they are in public and who they are privately?

A)low in self-monitoring
B)high in narcissism
C)high in self-monitoring
D)low in core self-evaluating

Question 39

In one study involving 4000 British adolescents,a connection was made between conscientiousness and employment in that:

A)there is a large positive relationship between the two.
B)there is a large negative relationship between the two.
C)less conscientious people were twice as likely to be employed.
D)more conscientious people were twice as likely to be unemployed.

Question 40

Pauline Wood is a new manager.She recognises that personality attributes can help to explain and predict employee behaviour. Pauline's employee,Michael,sees himself as capable and effective.He takes responsibility for his health and has good health habits.He is likely to have a:

A)positive core self-evaluation.
B)high Mach score.
C)high emotional stability level.
D)low emotional stability level.

Question 41

Situation-strength theory proposes that the way________ translates into behaviour depends on the strength of the situation.

A)personality
B)conviction
C)fear
D)attitude

Question 42

Values tend to be:

A)relatively fluid.
B)synonymous with attitudes.
C)flexible.
D)fairly stable over time.

Question 43

Jobs high in clarity produce strong situations because:

A)it is more difficult for people to figure out what to do,and people tend to act the same way in trying to do their work.
B)it is easier for people to figure out what to do,and people tend to act similarly in these situations.
C)it is more difficult for people to figure out what to do,so the chances that everyone behaves similarly decrease.
D)it is easier for people to figure out what to do,but they act differently because there are many different ways to do that particular job.

Question 44

Jobs with important consequences represent strong situations because:

A)individuals are required to exercise discretion.
B)individuals are likely guarded from preventing mistakes to a significant extent.
C)the aftermath of making mistakes tends to lead to minimal negative results.
D)no one is allowed to exercise discretion at all.

Question 45

One element of situation-strength theory is consistency.It is defined as:

A)the extent to which individuals' freedom to decide or act is limited by forces outside their control.
B)the extent to which cues regarding work duties and responsibilities are compatible with one another.
C)the degree to which decisions or actions have important applications for the organisation or its members,clients,suppliers and so on.
D)the degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are available and clear.

Question 46

One's means of achieving their goals are considered by Rokeach as:

A)terminal instruments.
B)goal values.
C)instrumental values.
D)terminal values.

Question 47

Jobs with many constraints represent strong situations because:

A)individuals do not have a great deal of leeway in how to do them.
B)people employed in these jobs have a great deal of individual discretion.
C)it is important for employees to be flexible in changing circumstances.
D)things are rarely as they appear.

Question 48

One element of situation-strength theory is consequences.It is defined as:

A)the degree to which decisions or actions have important implications for the organisation.
B)the extent to which individuals' actions have important implications for the organisation and others.
C)the extent to which cues regarding work duties and responsibilities are compatible with one another.
D)the degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are available and clear.

Question 49

Situation-strength theory proposes that:

A)it is harder for people to regulate their behaviour in weak situations.
B)personality traits better predict behaviour in strong situations than in weak ones.
C)personality traits better predict behaviour in weak situations than in strong ones.
D)in weak situations it is easier for people to see what correct and incorrect behaviour is,and they feel pressured to exhibit the former and discourage the latter.

Question 50

According to Rokeach,________ values refer to desirable end-states of existence.

A)terminal
B)theoretical
C)instrumental
D)aesthetic

Question 51

One element of situation-strength theory is constraints.It is defined as:

A)the degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are available and clear.
B)the extent to which cues regarding work duties and responsibilities are compatible with one another.
C)the extent to which individuals' freedom to decide or act is limited by forces outside their control.
D)the degree to which decisions or actions have important implications for the organisation and others.

Question 52

One element of situation-strength theory is clarity.It is defined as:

A)what is found in jobs where everyone behaves differently doing it.
B)the degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are difficult to interpret.
C)the biggest determinant of what causes weak situations in jobs that have high levels of it.
D)the degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are available and clear.

Question 53

When we rank an individual instrument in terms of his or her ________,we obtain the personal instrument.

A)social acceptance
B)content
C)intensity
D)context

Question 54

The content attribute states a value that is:

A)a basic conviction.
B)important.
C)related to behaviour.
D)complete.

Question 55

_______ represent basic convictions that predict behaviour.

A)Values
B)Preferences
C)Convictions
D)Attitudes

Question 56

A person's value system is determined by the ________ of their ranked values.

A)types
B)intensity
C)absence
D)number

Question 57

Jobs with high consistency represent strong situations because:

A)the cues overwhelmingly point towards the same desired behaviour.
B)cues regarding work duties and responsibilities are incompatible with one another.
C)the cues concerning what everyone must be doing differ from person to person.
D)job cues are difficult to figure out,requiring strong people to rise up and take control of a situation.

Question 58

Situation-strength theory proposes that in strong situations,people:

A)readily see correct behaviour and are pressured to act correctly as well as to discourage incorrect behaviour.
B)readily see incorrect behaviour but are not pressured to change behaviour of their own.
C)find it difficult to distinguish between correct and incorrect behaviour.
D)are free to express their personality and their behaviour.

Question 59

Rokeach found that the instrumental value of ambitious (hard-working and aspiring)people was related to the terminal value of:

A)happiness.
B)freedom.
C)a comfortable life.
D)self-respect.

Question 60

Milton Rokeach studied instrumental values and:

A)terminal values.
B)attitudes.
C)speed of decision making.
D)ethical decision making

Question 61

You have decided to use Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations to help your friends,who were university students,understand for which jobs they would be well suited.Monica is shy and practical.Luis is very social and friendly.Hector is self-confident and ambitious.Larry is idealistic and often emotional. Who might be well suited to being a teacher?

A)Monica
B)Luis
C)Hector
D)Larry

Question 62

The measure of the extent to which people in a country accept the fact that power in institutions and organisations is distributed unequally is called:

A)institutional distribution theory.
B)power distance.
C)collectivism.
D)quantity of life.

Question 63

You have decided to use Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations to help your friends,who were university students,understand for which jobs they would be well suited.Monica is shy,stable,and persistent.Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations.Jessica is idealistic and impractical but very imaginative.Walter is efficient and practical,but he lacks imagination and tends to be inflexible. Who might be well suited for being a lawyer?

A)Jessica
B)Monica
C)Neil
D)Walter

Question 64

You have decided to use Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations to help your friends,who were university students,understand for which jobs they would be well suited.Monica is shy,stable,and persistent.Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations.Jessica is idealistic and impractical but very imaginative.Walter is efficient and practical,but he lacks imagination and tends to be inflexible. Which of your friends is most likely to find a successful career as a writer?

A)Monica
B)Jessica
C)Walter
D)Neil

Question 65

Jane has a number of goals she would like to achieve in her lifetime.These desirable end-states are known as terminal values as set out by Milton Rokeach. Which of the following is NOT considered a terminal value?

A)freedom
B)social recognition
C)self-control
D)wellbeing

Question 66

The realistic personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations would be well suited for which of the following jobs?

A)social worker
B)accountant
C)lawyer
D)mechanic

Question 67

Suppose that you are a Human Resource Manager for the Prentice Corporation and you are in charge of developing a training program for managers coming to Australia from your apprentice subsidiaries around the world.You have decided to use the Hofstede framework for discussing cultural differences that you might find.Use your knowledge of the work of Hofstede to answer the following question: Which of the following countries ranks high in long-term orientation?

A)France
B)Hong Kong
C)United States
D)Italy

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?

A)individualism versus collectivism
B)power distance
C)literacy
D)long-term orientation

Question 69

Which one of the following statements is TRUE about Holland's personality-job fit theory?

A)Diagonally opposite types are most alike.
B)Organisations can teach a person to have the proper personality type.
C)People basically have similar personalities.
D)Satisfaction is high when a person's personality is well matched to their job.

Question 70

_______ is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.

A)Uncertainty avoidance
B)Collectivism
C)Long-term orientation
D)Power distance

Question 71

Holland's theory of personality-job fit argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover is lowest where:

A)employees have an education.
B)an individual is highly motivated.
C)salary is high.
D)personality and occupation are in agreement.

Question 72

Jane has a number of goals she would like to achieve in her lifetime.These desirable end-states are known as terminal values as set out by Milton Rokeach. Which of the following is Jane's terminal value?

A)politeness
B)cheerfulness
C)ambitiousness
D)wisdom

Question 73

________ developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains 160 occupational titles.

A)Maslow
B)Hofstede
C)Herzberg
D)Holland

Question 74

You have decided to use Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations to help your friends,who were university students,understand which jobs they would be well suited to.Monica is shy,stable and persistent.Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations.Jessica is idealistic and impractical but very imaginative.Walter is efficient and practical,but he lacks imagination and tends to be inflexible. Which of your friends is best suited to being an accountant?

A)Neil
B)Jessica
C)Walter
D)Monica

Question 75

You have decided to use Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations to help your friends,who were university students,understand which jobs they would be well suited to.Monica is shy,stable and persistent.Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations.Jessica is idealistic and impractical but very imaginative.Walter is efficient and practical,but he lacks imagination and tends to be inflexible. Monica is majoring in interior design.Her personality type is realistic according to Holland's typology.Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Someone with an artistic personality type would be better suited to a major in interior design.
B)Monica is suited to be a bank teller.
C)Journalism would suit Monica's personality.
D)Monica's personality type is not well suited to her major.

Question 76

A comprehensive analysis of cultural variation has been done by:

A)Maslow.
B)Hofstede.
C)Follett.
D)McGregor.

Question 77

Describe heredity as a determinant of personality and list its factors.

Question 78

The enterprising personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics?

A)imaginative,disorderly,idealistic
B)shy,genuine,persistent
C)self-confident,ambitious,energetic
D)sociable,friendly,cooperative

Question 79

________ theory suggested people in job environments congruent with their personality types should be more satisfied and less likely to voluntarily resign than should people in incongruent jobs.

A)Holland's
B)Hofstede's
C)Nunnally's
D)The GLOBE team's

Question 80

Which of the following is a dimension of the GLOBE team that is NOT also a similar cultural dimension identified by Hofstede?

A)power distance
B)uncertainty avoidance
C)performance orientation
D)individualism/collectivism