Deck 29: Industrialized Agriculture and Disorganized Labor

Question 1

During the 1920s,about 75 percent of the harvest workforce in California's cotton fields were

A)Chinese.
B)Japanese.
C)German prisoners captured during World War I.
D)Mexicans.

Answer 1

Mexicans.

Question 2

Through the middle of the 20^th century California's largest single industry was

A)mining.
B)film making.
C)agriculture.
D)aircraft manufacturing.

Answer 2

agriculture.

Question 3

During the 1930s most major attempts to organize migratory farm workers were led by the Communist party.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During the Delano grape strike,

A)Anglo-American sympathy diminished when the supply of premium wine declined.
B)dock workers in San Francisco aligned with the Associated Farmers.
C)the largely Mexican NFWA joined forces with the Filipino- based AWOC.
D)the Schenley and DiGiorgio corporations filed for bankruptcy.

Question 5

Throughout the 20^th century successful farming in California was becoming a business organized into larger and larger units.

Question 6

The leader of the United Farm Workers (UFW)was

A)Bud Antle.
B)Robert M.LaFollette.
C)Cesar Chavez.
D)Carey McWilliams.

Question 7

During the 1930s,the term "farm fascism" referred to the brutal tactics adopted by communist labor organizers.

Question 8

During the middle and later years of the 1930s,the bulk of California's migratory farm labor force was comprised of

A)people of Anglo-American ancestry.
B)Filipino aliens.
C)Mexican Americans.
D)Mexican braceros.

Question 9

The term "horizontal integration" refers to the

A)diversification of crops through scientific management.
B)merging of farm units into larger ones.
C)layering of farmlands along horizontal terraces.
D)combining of every level of economic activity from the field to the supermarket.

Question 10

The bracero program formally began during

A)the 1870s.
B)World War I.
C)the great depression.
D)World War II.

Question 11

The Associated Farmers of California

A)organized farm laborers into "syndicals."
B)fought the Southern Pacific's land monopoly.
C)worked in cooperation with local law enforcement agencies.
D)was disbanded as a "criminal conspiracy" by the state attorney general.

Question 12

The writings and activities of Carey McWilliams were strongly supported by the Associated Farmers of California.

Question 13

The bracero program

A)was extended into the 1970s to counteract unionization of farm workers.
B)forced California growers to raise the wages of American farm workers.
C)was opposed by most California growers.
D)depressed the wages and destroyed the bargaining power of American farm workers.

Question 14

When compared with the rest of the nation,California's agriculture has become by far the most diversified.

Question 15

Labor activist Dolores Huerta

A)began her career as a teacher in the San Joaquin Valley.
B)served as vice president of the United Farm Workers (UFW).
C)was a critic of the "feminization of poverty."
D)all of the above

Question 16

The description of California farms as "factories in the field" was first used by Cesar Chavez.

Question 17

By the middle of the 20^th century "vertical integration" had essentially disappeared from California agribusiness.

Question 18

Mark J.Fontana's California Packing Corporation (CalPac)was an example of

A)an agricultural corporation hurt by advances in farm technology.
B)an agricultural corporation owned by the Bank of America.
C)a "vertically integrated" agricultural corporation.
D)a "horizontally integrated" agricultural corporation.

Question 19

The only production cost that California growers usually believed they could keep down was the cost of

A)transportation.
B)water.
C)pest-management.
D)labor.

Question 20

Among the states,California agriculture

A)was the most diversified.
B)ranked first in farm income.
C)enjoyed the highest level of capitalization.
D)all of the above

Question 21

Describe the main features of California agribusiness in the 20^th century.

Question 22

From 1942 through 1964 the government of the United States played a significant role in the operation of the bracero program.

Question 23

Explain the history of the bracero program in California.How was it justified,and what effects did it have on the wages and bargaining power of American farm workers?

Question 24

Under the bracero program,the federal government insured that health,housing,food,and wage standards for Mexican farm workers in California were carefully maintained.

Question 25

What were the factors which contributed to successful unionization of California farm workers during the 1960s and 1970s? Describe the roles played by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta in this process.

Question 26

Analyze the tactics used by the Associated Farmers to prevent farm worker organization during the 1930s.How accurate was Carey McWilliams' judgment that these methods constituted "farm fascism"?

Question 27

The termination of the bracero program brought about a disastrous shortage of farm labor in California during the mid-1960s.