Deck 24: Controversies Over Land and Water

Question 1

The battle over Hetch Hetchy ended when local farmers blew up a dam and power station.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the battle between the city of Los Angeles and the farmers of the Owens Valley,

A)President Roosevelt supported the farmers.
B)an extension of the Sierra National Forest provided a victory for the farmers.
C)the federal government sided with the city.
D)William Mulholland admitted "fraud and malfeasance."

Answer 2

the federal government sided with the city.

Question 3

John Muir believed that

A)humanity and nature were separate entities.
B)humanity evolved through cooperation rather than competition.
C)evolution could best be explained by the notion of "survival of the fittest".
D)Yosemite was best protected under state rather than federal control.

Answer 3

humanity evolved through cooperation rather than competition.

Question 4

John Muir and President Theodore Roosevelt shared a strong belief in the conservationist philosophy of "preservationism".

Question 5

President Theodore Roosevelt was an advocate of

A)"aesthetic conservationism".
B)John Muir's philosophy of conservation.
C)"utilitarian" conservationism.
D)"preservationism".

Question 6

Repeal of the 160-acre limit on irrigation water obtained from a federal reclamation project occurred during the administration of

A)Theodore Roosevelt.
B)Ronald Reagan.
C)Lyndon Johnson.
D)Barack Obama.

Question 7

PG&E opposed public power projects in California in order to

A)provide cheaper power.
B)preserve free enterprise.
C)preserve its monopoly.
D)bring socialism to the power industry.

Question 8

John Muir was the founder of the Sierra Club.

Question 9

The first area in the United States to be designated by the federal government as a park was

A)Mt.Whitney.
B)the Yosemite Valley.
C)the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees.
D)Yellowstone.

Question 10

Amid charges of corruption,public opinion in Los Angeles was solidly opposed to the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Aqueduct project.

Question 11

The Central Valley Project was a proposal "to turn the

A)Sacramento River into the San Joaquin Valley."
B)San Joaquin River into a desert."
C)San Francisco Bay into a valley for residential and commercial development."
D)Central Valley into a fresh-water reservoir."

Question 12

Under the Swing-Johnson bill,the cost of construction of Hoover Dam was paid by the

A)federal government.
B)state of California.
C)Southern California Edison Company.
D)city of Los Angeles.

Question 13

President Franklin Roosevelt agreed to change the name "Boulder Dam" to "Hoover Dam".

Question 14

Between 1900 and 1905,the population of Los Angeles

A)declined sharply due a lack of adequate water supplies.
B)increased slightly due to natural increase.
C)remained unchanged because of low fertility rates.
D)more than doubled.

Question 15

In 1925 the city of San Francisco defied a congressional ban and sold the power from Hetch Hetchy to the private Pacific Gas and Electric Company.

Question 16

The Colorado River Aqueduct was

A)denounced by the Metropolitan Water District.
B)built exclusively for non-industrial water users.
C)the world's largest and longest water supply line.
D)destroyed by members of the Arizona militia.

Question 17

According to the textbook,the Owens Valley project was

A)primarily a scheme to enrich Harrison Gray Otis and Henry Huntington.
B)wisely rejected by the voters of Los Angeles.
C)conceived by Frederick Eaton.
D)vigorously supported by the Los Angeles Examiner.

Question 18

Senator Hiram Johnson of California gave strong support to the Boulder Canyon project.

Question 19

John Muir's intense childhood exposure to the Bible had a major influence on his later thinking and writing.

Question 20

The Swing-Johnson plan to dam the Colorado River at Boulder Canyon was supported by

A)Harry Chandler.
B)the Los Angeles Times.
C)the state of Arizona.
D)the Imperial Valley Irrigation District.

Question 21

Assess the arguments for and against public power in California.Cite specific examples from the Hetch Hetchy,Boulder Dam,and Central Valley projects.

Question 22

Pacific Gas and Electric Company was a consistent supporter of the Central Valley water project.

Question 23

Compare the Hetch Hetchy and Owens Valley water projects.To what extent did they provide adequate water supplies for San Francisco and Los Angeles?

Question 24

Describe the Central Valley project.What controversies grew out of the plan,and how were these difficulties resolved?

Question 25

Explain John Muir's philosophy of conservation.How did it differ from the approach of Theodore Roosevelt and other conservationists of the progressive era?

Question 26

The U.S.Supreme Court in 1958 declared the 160-acre limit to be unconstitutional.