Deck 1: understanding Evolving Economic Systems and Competition

Question 1

The agricultural sector in Guatemala accounts for about one-quarter of the nation's GDP,two-thirds of its exports,and half of its labour force.This type of information would be revealed through which perspective?

A) regional monetary policy
B) aggregated economic
C) area economics
D) microeconomics

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If you were told the output of goods and services produced in Luxembourg had increased by 6 percent in 2010,you would correctly refer to this increase as which type of growth?

A) an example of recessionary growth
B) growth standardization
C) economic growth
D) nationalized growth

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As soon as Kazakhstan,a former member of the Soviet Union,had experienced two consecutive quarterly declines in its gross national product,Kazakhstan was in which economic situation?

A) regression
B) recession
C) adjustment period
D) depression

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The GMC manager who evaluates truck models made by his competition,consumer demand for different sizes of trucks,labour and material costs to build trucks,and current prices of all trucks would be taking which of the following perspectives?

A) microeconomics
B) individual economics
C) aggregated economics
D) macroeconomics

Question 5

Which of the following is the study of the economy as a whole,looking at aggregate data for large groups of people,companies,or products?

A) economics aggregation
B) national economics
C) microeconomics
D) macroeconomics

Question 6

A manager in the life insurance industry examining the national level of personal income,the unemployment rate,interest rates,inflation,and death statistics would be looking at which of her company's environments?

A) fiscal economic
B) macroeconomic
C) national economic
D) competitive

Question 7

An individual who is thinking of buying a Wendy's franchise in London,Ontario,and is examining the employment statistics,area income levels,and local competition would be interested in which of the following fields?

A) regional monetary policy
B) aggregated economic
C) area economics
D) microeconomics

Question 8

Which of the following is the most basic measure of economic growth?

A) consumer price index
B) producer price index
C) gross domestic product
D) total of all goods and services produced

Question 9

What are patterns of expansion and contraction in aggregate economic activity,as measured by GDP?

A) business standards
B) cyclical adjustments
C) economic yields
D) business cycles

Question 10

Which is an example of factors of production?

A) corporate social responsibility
B) business ethics
C) entrepreneurship
D) the economic climate

Question 11

The relationship of the inputs and outputs of households,businesses,and governments can be graphically explained through the use of which figure?

A) diamond
B) box
C) circle
D) square

Question 12

Assume the GDP in Argentina increased by 28 percent in 2010.The economists would adjust the current market prices to take into account inflated values.This adjusted GDP is called which type of the nation's GDP?

A) real
B) frictional
C) interpreted
D) cyclical

Question 13

Imagine that you were reading an international marketing text in which you learned that the GDP for one of the former members of the Soviet Union was $1.56 billion.A few pages later in the same text,the book states that that nation's real GDP was $800,000.From reading this information,what could you conclude?

A) The second GDP measurement reflected only the value of the products produced in the nation and did not include the value of services.
B) The various methods used to calculate GDP do not produce the same results.
C) GDP is an approximation of the actual total value.
D) This former member of the Soviet Union had a high rate of inflation.

Question 14

To examine how the sectors of the economy interact,you should think in terms of which of the following figures?

A) diamond shape
B) linear graph
C) economic hierarchy
D) circular flow

Question 15

Which of the following is the study of how a society uses scarce resources to produce and distribute goods and services?

A) finance
B) acculturation
C) economics
D) marketing

Question 16

What is the definition of macroeconomics?

A) changes in resource availability in the marketplace
B) the economy as a whole by looking at aggregate data
C) the activities of individual companies and products
D) the supply and demand of individual households

Question 17

If the GDP of a country in 2010 was $48 billion,what does this $48 billion represent?

A) the total value of all final goods and services produced during 2010
B) the actual growth of discretionary profit in 2010
C) the estimated growth of discretionary profit in the country for 2010
D) how much money the households in the country spent in 2010

Question 18

What is the definition of microeconomics?

A) monetary policy as it pertains to specific industries
B) fiscal and monetary policy on a national level
C) the interactions of aggregated national and international economic data
D) individual companies,markets,or households

Question 19

What does a decline in real GDP that lasts for two consecutive quarters represent?

A) economic downsizing
B) recession
C) depression
D) resource divestment

Question 20

Which type of GDP takes inflation into account and uses adjusted market prices?

A) real
B) frictional
C) adjusted
D) cyclical

Question 21

Gracie Burlesford works for a peach grower in Southern Ontario.In July,Burlesford was laid off because of a drought.What type of unemployment is this?

A) frictional
B) structural
C) geographical
D) seasonal

Question 22

What is the name of the business cycle that follows a recession?

A) upsizing
B) prosperity
C) inflation
D) recovery

Question 23

Which of the following is a form of unemployment?

A) unseasonal unemployment
B) fractional unemployment
C) cyclical unemployment
D) fiscal unemployment

Question 24

If the tourism industry in a Canadian province had 43 percent unemployment due to an economic downturn that gripped the country,the workers in the tourism industry would be experiencing which of the following type of unemployment?

A) seasonal
B) cyclical
C) structural
D) frictional

Question 25

Which type of inflation is occurring when the demand for goods and services is greater than the supply?

A) demand-push
B) cost-push
C) demand-pull
D) supply-side

Question 26

When the economy is in a recession,many companies must lay off workers,causing which type of unemployment?

A) cultural
B) cyclical
C) frictional
D) structural

Question 27

Suppose that 50 percent of the labour force in a country is involved in the agricultural sector,but the economic growth in the nation comes from industry and tourism.What type of unemployment would such a mismatch of ability and job requirements cause?

A) mechanical
B) frictional
C) structural
D) cyclical

Question 28

Laron Kelly recently quit his job as a car salesperson and is now trying to find a job with another car dealership.This is an example of which type of unemployment?

A) structural
B) frictional
C) recessionary
D) fiscal

Question 29

Structural unemployment is unemployment that results from which of the following circumstances?

A) the restructuring of an organization
B) the change in business cycles
C) a mismatch between the available jobs and the skills of available workers
D) people moving to new geographical areas

Question 30

The unemployment rate is the percentage of the total work force that is not working but is engaged in which of the following activities?

A) drawing unemployment cheques
B) preparing physically and mentally to begin work
C) actively looking for work
D) laid off,terminated,or downsized due to some economic activity outside of their control

Question 31

Josh Loachim quit his job in advertising in Toronto and has moved to Calgary,where he is actively seeking employment.This is an example of which type of unemployment?

A) frictional
B) fiscal
C) structural
D) cyclical

Question 32

Each January,Lopez is laid off as soon as Christmas is over.She will be hired back sometime during the summer.In terms of unemployment,Lopez is a good example of which type of unemployment?

A) frictional
B) structural
C) seasonal
D) fiscal

Question 33

If,in 2010,7.5 percent of a country's total work force was not working,but was actively seeking employment,this 7.5 percent represents which national figure?

A) recessionary unemployment
B) unemployment rate
C) inflationary unemployment
D) position on the international unemployment scale

Question 34

The labourers displaced due to assembly-line automation may not have the skills needed to operate the computerized machines that replaced them.This is an example of which type of unemployment?

A) cyclical
B) operational
C) frictional
D) structural

Question 35

What is a general upward movement of prices in the economy known as?

A) purchase power acceleration
B) deflation
C) inflation
D) upsizing

Question 36

On PEI,jobs are plentiful during the summer months,but difficult to find in September once the tourists leave and many restaurants and inns close.People who work in the island's restaurants annually become unemployed in which way?

A) structurally
B) geographically
C) frictionally
D) seasonally

Question 37

If the national unemployment rate goes up,which of the following might be a contributing factor?

A) Some people took a job transfer to another province.
B) Some people took a job right out of high school.
C) Some people are preparing for later employment by attending school.
D) Some people started a new job and their old position is vacant.

Question 38

For the past 10 years,Kris Boja has been a welder for a local manufacturer.This morning her boss informed her that a robot would replace her.Boja's unemployment is an example of which type of unemployment?

A) cyclical
B) mechanical
C) structural
D) frictional

Question 39

Which of the following represent two types of inflation?

A) demand-pull and cost-push
B) cost-pull and supply-push
C) demand-pull and supply-push
D) recessionary and recovery

Question 40

Which type of inflation is triggered by increases in production that which push up the costs of final goods and services?

A) supply-side
B) demand-push
C) cost-push
D) demand-side

Question 41

If a nation experienced an inflation rate of about 12 percent and then,five years later,had an inflation rate of about 5 percent,which of the following statements best describes what was happening to purchasing power during the period?

A) The purchasing power of businesses did not see a change throughout the period,but consumers did.
B) The average consumer's purchasing power was lower at the beginning of period than at the end.
C) The country was experiencing a recession,prices were universally high throughout the period,and purchasing power declined for everyone.
D) The average consumer's purchasing power was higher at the beginning of the period than at the end.

Question 42

The Bank of Canada increases the growth of the money supply when it implements which of the following?

A) fiscal reengineering
B) retrenchment strategy
C) expansionary policy
D) policy of fiscal augmentation

Question 43

Last year,a mother in a small African nation could buy a pound of flour for the Canadian equivalent of $1.30.Six months ago,an identical pound of flour costs $3.40.Today she would need $5.60 to buy that pound of flour.This example of the general upward movement of prices is called which of the following?

A) discretionary pricing
B) supply-side pricing
C) deflation
D) inflation

Question 44

The price of a decorated three-tiered wedding cake from a local supermarket deli recently increased from $105 to $119.The supermarket manager said it was due entirely to increases in sugar and labour costs.The $14 increase is an example of which of the following?

A) deflation
B) poor resource utility
C) price gouging
D) inflation

Question 45

To bring inflation under control,which combination of unemployment and growth may be necessary?

A) high unemployment,high growth
B) high unemployment,low growth
C) low growth,high unemployment
D) low unemployment,moderate growth

Question 46

Which of the following organizations sells government securities,raises interest rates,and prints money?

A) Canadian Revenue Agency
B) Department of Finance
C) chartered banks
D) Bank of Canada

Question 47

When the government raises taxes on consumers and businesses,it is dealing with which type of policy?

A) inflationary
B) monetary
C) fiscal
D) recessionary

Question 48

What does it mean if the annual inflation rate in a country was 8.1 percent?

A) The people experienced demand-push inflation.
B) The people saw a decline in gross domestic profit (GDP).
C) The people saw their purchasing power increase from what it was in the previous year.
D) The people saw their purchasing power decrease from what it was in the previous year.

Question 49

The implementation of an expansionary policy by the Bank of Canada would result in which of the following?

A) higher unemployment
B) lower inflation
C) lower interest rates
D) decreased economic growth

Question 50

Which of the following is the Bank of Canada implementing when it tightens the money supply by selling government securities or raising interest rates?

A) fiscal reduction strategy
B) contractionary policy
C) retrenchment strategy
D) shrinkage policy

Question 51

Which is an index of the prices of a shopping basket of goods and services as published monthly by Statistics Canada?

A) producer price index (PPI)
B) consumer price index (CPI)
C) inflation rate
D) wholesale cost index (WCI)

Question 52

When the government decides to cut military spending,which type of policy is it implementing?

A) monetary
B) microeconomic
C) fiscal
D) operational

Question 53

What is fiscal policy concerned with?

A) taxation and spending
B) credit and banking
C) investments and insurance
D) credit and spending

Question 54

Which of the following measures prices paid by producers and wholesalers for commodities,including raw materials and finished products?

A) wholesale cost index
B) producer price index
C) GDP index
D) raw material price index

Question 55

Which of the following occurs if a country's total expenditures are higher than the revenues received from the taxes it gathers?

A) federal budget deficit
B) national surplus
C) annual expenditure surplus
D) national priority deficit

Question 56

The implementation of a contractionary policy by the Bank of Canada would result in which of the following?

A) lower unemployment
B) increased economic growth
C) lower interest rates
D) lower inflation

Question 57

The price of a basket of groceries rises from $30 to $40 but your salary remains the same.This is an example of a decline in which of the following for you,personally?

A) standard of living
B) purchasing power
C) cost of living index
D) GDP index

Question 58

Which of the following refers to the Bank of Canada's programs for controlling the amount of money in circulation?

A) microeconomics
B) macroeconomics
C) monetary policy
D) fiscal policy

Question 59

The consumer price index (CPI)is partially composed of which of the following?

A) cars bought by a delivery company
B) food bought by a restaurant in order to prepare menu items
C) iron ore used by the steel industry
D) trips to amusement parks

Question 60

If one of the reasons for the growing inflation rate is due to increases in production costs of goods and services that occurred as a result of a decline in a suitable labour force,this would be an example of which type of inflation?

A) cost-push
B) supply-side
C) cost-pull
D) demand-push

Question 61

When Parks Canada spends money on promoting the use of national parks as perfect sites for a summer vacation,then motels,campgrounds,and other tourist attractions in the private sector may become less attractive to consumers.If,as a result of the promotion,consumers spent more money on trips to the national parks and less money in the private sector for their vacations,what would have occurred?

A) deficit spending
B) demarketing
C) crowding out
D) public-sector inflation

Question 62

In a large metropolitan market,it is relatively easy to set up a law office.The ease of entry explains why you will find hundreds of lawyers listed in the Toronto phone book.Each lawyer is a close substitute for another but with slight differences.Which of the following market structures best describes the one in which lawyers operate?

A) monopolistic competition
B) pure competition
C) oligopoly
D) perfect monopoly

Question 63

If a government spends $2.7 billion on government programs,and receives revenues of $2.3 billion,what does the country have?

A) a low GDP
B) a budget deficit
C) a high CPI
D) an expansionary policy

Question 64

In perfect competition,which of the following conditions exist?

A) only one producer
B) no relationship between supply and demand
C) a large number of buyers and few sellers
D) a large number of sellers producing nearly identical products

Question 65

When demand and supply meet,the price of the product or service is established.What is this point called?

A) equilibrium
B) interaction
C) price intersection
D) monetary value

Question 66

The purchase of savings bonds by individuals allows the government to do what?

A) eliminate crowding out
B) balance supply and demand
C) access funds that might otherwise have gone to the private sector
D) concentrate on microeconomics strategy

Question 67

Which of the following statements about the interaction of demand and supply is most accurate?

A) At prices below equilibrium,demand exceeds supply.
B) Government intervention is usually needed to achieve market equilibrium.
C) At prices above equilibrium,suppliers produce less than consumers are willing to buy.
D) A surplus of product pushes prices upward.

Question 68

How is the national debt described?

A) as the cumulative total owed to Canada.by foreign countries
B) as the amount of money owed each year by the taxpayers
C) as the cumulative total of the government's annual budget deficits
D) as the total amount owed by corporations

Question 69

Market equilibrium is described as which of the following?

A) the point at which a nation reaches full employment
B) the time period used to determine the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
C) the point at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded
D) the moment when profit is created

Question 70

An industry in which a few firms produce most or all of the output of a product and in which large amounts of capital are needed known as which of the following?

A) perfect competition
B) an oligopoly
C) monopolistic competition
D) imperfect competition

Question 71

Which of the following terms refers to a market in which there are a large number of firms that differentiate their products?

A) an oligopoly
B) oligopolistic competition
C) perfect competition
D) monopolistic competition

Question 72

Which of the following directions describe the slope of the supply curve?

A) downward and to the left
B) upward and to the right
C) horizontal
D) downward and to the right

Question 73

Which of the following statements about demand and supply curves is most accurate?

A) The supply curve will shift to the left if taxes are decreased.
B) The demand curve will shift to the left if buyers' incomes increase.
C) The demand curve will shift to the right if the number of buyers decreases.
D) The supply curve will shift to the left if the number of suppliers increases.

Question 74

Which of the following situations occurs when government spending replaces spending by the private sector?

A) public-sector inflation
B) demarketing
C) deficit spending
D) crowding out

Question 75

Which of the following terms refers to the quantity of a product or service that businesses will make available at various prices?

A) demand
B) market potential
C) supply
D) capacity

Question 76

For most agricultural products,farmers produce homogeneous products,sell them to a common market,and generally cannot affect prices greatly.This is an example of which kind of market structure?

A) a pure monopoly
B) imperfect competition
C) perfect competition
D) monopolistic competition

Question 77

Which one characteristic most clearly defines a market structure?

A) the number of suppliers in a market
B) the market share
C) the type of product sold
D) how the company is organized

Question 78

Which direction represents the slope of the demand curve?

A) horizontal
B) upward and to the right
C) downward and to the left
D) downward and to the right

Question 79

Which concept represents the quantity of a good or service that people are willing to buy at various prices?

A) demand
B) market potential
C) supply
D) market share

Question 80

Think about all the restaurants that are located near your campus.You have probably noted some new ones appearing,and others closing because of lack of business.What type of competition exists in the restaurant business?

A) monopolistic competition
B) oligopolistic competition
C) an oligopoly
D) perfect competition