Deck 24: Metals and Metallurgy

Question 1

Calcination is ________.

A) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds
B) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal
C) selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore
D) the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds
E) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal

Answer 1

the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds

Question 2

Powder metallurgy is ________.

A) refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions
B) refining of metal ores using heat
C) forming metal parts using electricity
D) refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions
E) forming metal parts using heat and small metal particles

Answer 2

forming metal parts using heat and small metal particles

Question 3

Roasting is ________.

A) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal
B) the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds
C) selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore
D) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal
E) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds

Answer 3

heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds

Question 4

Smelting is ________.

A) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal
B) selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore
C) the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds
D) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds
E) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal

Question 5

Electrometallurgy is ________.

A) refining of metal ores using heat
B) forming metal parts using electricity
C) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal
D) refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions
E) refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions

Question 6

Which of the following describes gangue?

A) the undesirable product formed during smelting
B) the undesirable portion of a metal-containing ore
C) the volatile product formed during calcination
D) a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
E) a crude metal that still has to be further purified for industrial use

Question 7

Leaching is ________.

A) melting an ore and separating it from the lower density gangue
B) selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore
C) the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds
D) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal
E) heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds

Question 8

Identify the substances that are homogeneous, naturally occurring, crystalline inorganic solids.

A) slag
B) minerals
C) ores
D) gangue
E) alloy

Question 9

Which of the following processes is used to form metal components from very small metal particles?

A) electrometallurgy
B) hydrometallurgy
C) pyrometallurgy
D) powder metallurgy
E) smelting

Question 10

Hydrometallurgy is ________.

A) refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions
B) refining of metal ores using heat
C) refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions
D) forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal
E) forming tiny metal crystals using heat and water spray

Question 11

Which of the following is a general property of a metal?

A) high resistivity
B) good conductor of heat
C) low boiling point
D) low melting point
E) high electronegativity

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of roasting?

A) CaCO₃(s) CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
B) PbO(s) + CO(g) Pb(l) + CO₂(g)
C) SnO₂(s) + 2C(s) Sn(l) + 2CO(g)
D) Ni(OH)₂(s) NiO(s) + H₂O(g)
E) 2CuS(s) + 3O₂ 2CuO(s) + 2SO₂(g)

Question 13

Which compound in the following reaction is the slag? 2Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6SiO₂(s) + 10C(s) P₄(g) + 6CaSiO₃(l) + 10CO(g)

A) CaSiO₃
B) CO
C) P₄
D) SiO₂
E) Ca₃(PO₄)₂

Question 14

Which of the following describes slag?

A) a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
B) the aqueous portion of the gangue separated from a metal ore
C) a low-density waste product, formed from the reaction of gangue with another substance, that can be easily separated from the metal ore of interest
D) a substance that reacts with the gangue to make a low-density liquid compound that can be easily separated from the metal of interest
E) a heavy precipitate containing by-products obtained during the purification process

Question 15

What method is used to obtain pure aluminum metal from Al₂O₃?

A) smelting
B) powder metallurgy
C) Hall process
D) leaching
E) calcination

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE of powder metallurgy?

A) Machining is required after forming the component.
B) Porous metal sponge is used as a starting material for forming parts.
C) Iron powder from mill scrap makes a denser component than iron particles formed through water atomization.
D) It is used to separate gangue from the rest of the metal ore.
E) It usually requires lower temperatures than casting the molten metal.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of smelting?

A) PbO(s) + CO(g) Pb(l) + CO₂(g)
B) 2CuS(s) + 3O₂ 2CuO(s) + 2SO₂(g)
C) CaCO₃(s) CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
D) Ni(OH)₂(s) NiO(s) + H₂O(g)
E) 2Hg(l) + O₂(g) 2HgO(s)

Question 18

Pyrometallurgy is the ________.

A) refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions
B) refining of metal ores using heat
C) refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions
D) forming of metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal
E) forming of metal parts using electricity

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of calcination?

A) 2CuS(s) + 3O₂ 2CuO(s) + 2SO₂(g)
B)SnO₂(s)+2C_(s) Sn(l) + 2CO(g)
C) CaCO₃(s) +SiO₂(s) 11ec9244_b7ed_a9d6_b435_716997d68ef7_TB34225555_11 CaSiO₃(l) + CO₂(g)
D) MgCO₃(s) MgO(s) + CO₂(g)
E) PbO(s) + CO(g) Pb(l) + CO₂(g)

Question 20

Which of the following describes flux?

A) a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
B) the aqueous portion of the gangue separated from a metal ore
C) a low-density waste product, formed from the reaction of gangue with another substance, that can be easily separated from the metal ore of interest
D) a substance that reacts with the gangue to make a low-density liquid compound that can be easily separated from the metal of interest
E) a low-density material that floats on the liquid during purification by flotation

Question 21

Identify a balanced reaction for the smelting of SnO₂ with carbon.

A) SnO₂(s) + CO₂(g) SnCO₃(s)
B) SnO₂(s) + CaCO₃(s) SnC(s) + CaO(s) + O₂(g)
C) SnO₂(s) + 2C(s) Sn(l) + 2CO(g)
D) 2SnO₂(s) + 2CaC₂(s) 2SnC₂(s) + 2CaO(s) + O₂(g)
E) SnO₂(s) + 2CO(g) Sn(l) + 2CO₂(g)

Question 22

An interstitial alloy contains carbon in one-fourth of the octahedral holes of a closest-packed metal, M. What is the formula of this alloy?

A) M₄C
B) MC₄
C) MC
D) M₂C
E) MC₂

Question 23

Which of the following is TRUE concerning point "D" on the figure?

A) The alloy is composed of the BCC structure.
B) The alloy is composed of the FCC structure.
C) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of FCC present.
D) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of BCC present.
E) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with equal portions of each phase.

Question 24

Why can't chromium and nickel form a miscible solid solution over the entire composition range?

A) The lever rule says that these two metals can't coexist in an alloy.
B) The two metals crystallize into different cubic structures in their pure forms.
C) The tetrahedral holes in the nickel crystal are not large enough to accommodate the chromium.
D) The octahedral holes in the chromium crystal are not large enough to accommodate the nickel.
E) Chromium atoms can only fit inside tetrahedral holes, which are not present in the structure of pure nickel.

Question 25

What are the components of brass?

A) copper and tin
B) lead and aluminum
C) nickel and zinc
D) copper and zinc
E) zinc and lead

Question 26

Identify a balanced equation for the calcination of NiCO₃.

A) NiCO₃(s) + CaO(s) NiO(s) + CaCO₃(s)
B) NiCO₃(s) NiO(s) + CO₂(g)
C) NiCO₃(s) + C(s) NiO(s) + 2CO(g)
D) 2NiCO₃(s) 2Ni(l) + 2CO₂(g) + O₂(g)
E) NiCO₃(s) + CO(g) NiO(s) + 2CO₂(g)

Question 27

An interstitial alloy contains hydrogen in half of the tetrahedral holes of a closest-packed metal, M. What is the formula of this alloy?

A) MH
B) MH₄
C) MH₂
D) M₂H
E) M₄H

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE concerning substitutional alloys?

A) The metals involved must have similar radii.
B) One type of metal atom is inserted in between the metal atoms in the initial crystal structure of the other metal.
C) The two metals must be miscible over the entire composition range.
D) Titanium carbide is an example of a substitutional alloy.
E) The metals forming a substitutional alloy must have very different electronegativities.

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a hydrometallurgical process?

A) Al(OH)₃(s) + SiO₂(s) AlSiO₃(s) + 3H₂O(g)
B) Ni(OH)₂(s) NiO(s) + H₂O(g)
C) 2Al(OH)₃(s) Al₂O₃(s) + 3H₂O(g)
D) CuSO₄^∙5H₂O(s) + H₂O(l) CuS(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) + 5OH⁻(aq)
E) Al₂O₃^∙nH₂O(s) + 2OH⁻(aq) + 2H₂O(l) 2Al(OH)₄⁻(aq)

Question 30

Match the following.
Hg

A)malachite
B)rutile
C)carnotite
D)sphalerite
E)cinnabar
F)rhodochrosite
G)galena

Question 31

What are the components of bronze?

A) copper and tin
B) lead and aluminum
C) nickel and zinc
D) copper and zinc
E) zinc and lead

Question 32

Which of the following is TRUE concerning interstitial alloys?

A) The metal takes on the properties of the foreign atoms once they are present.
B) Small atoms fit in between the metal atoms in the crystal structure.
C) Brass is an example of an interstitial alloy.
D) The foreign atoms present weaken the metallic structure.
E) They are alloys composed of two nonmetallic elements.

Question 33

Which substance is the best conductor of electricity?

A) arsenic
B) boron
C) silver
D) iron

Question 34

Match the following.
V

A)malachite
B)rutile
C)carnotite
D)sphalerite
E)cinnabar
F)rhodochrosite
G)galena

Question 35

An interstitial alloy contains nitrogen in half of the octahedral holes of a closest-packed metal, M. What is the formula of this alloy?

A) MN
B) MN₂
C) M₂N
D) M₄N₃
E) M8N₃

Question 36

What is the highest oxidation number of chromium?

A) +3
B) +4
C) +5
D) +7/
E) +6

Question 37

Match the following.
Pb

A)malachite
B)rutile
C)carnotite
D)sphalerite
E)cinnabar
F)rhodochrosite
G)galena

Question 38

Which of the following is TRUE concerning point "B" on the figure?

A) The alloy is composed of the BCC structure.
B) The alloy is composed of the FCC structure.
C) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of BCC present.
D) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of FCC present.
E) The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with equal portions of each phase.

Question 39

Identify the normal crystal structure at room temperature for Ni.

A) face-centred cubic
B) body-centred cubic
C) tetrahedral
D) hexagonal
E) simple cubic

Question 40

Identify a balanced equation for the calcination of Al(OH)₃.

A) 2Al(OH)₃(s) Al₂O₃(s) + 3H₂O(g)
B) Al(OH)₃(s) + SiO₂(s) AlSiO₃(s) + 3H₂O(g)
C) Al(OH)₃(s) AlO(OH) + H₂O(g)
D) Al(OH)₃(s) + C(s) Al₂O₃(s) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)
E) 2Al(OH)₃(s) + 3CO(g) Al₂O₃(s) + 3CO₂(g) + 3H₂O(g)

Question 41

Match the following.
Zn

A)malachite
B)rutile
C)carnotite
D)sphalerite
E)cinnabar
F)rhodochrosite
G)galena

Question 42

Match the following.
Ti

A)malachite
B)rutile
C)carnotite
D)sphalerite
E)cinnabar
F)rhodochrosite
G)galena

Question 43

Why does a "two-phase" structure occur in a substitutional alloy?

Question 44

What is the difference between ferromagnetism and paramagnetism?

Question 45

Describe the difference between a substitutional alloy and an interstitial alloy.

Question 46

Match the following.
Mn

A)malachite
B)rutile
C)carnotite
D)sphalerite
E)cinnabar
F)rhodochrosite
G)galena

Question 47

Match the following.
Cu

A)malachite
B)rutile
C)carnotite
D)sphalerite
E)cinnabar
F)rhodochrosite
G)galena

Question 48

What is an advantage of hydrometallurgical processes over pyrometallurgical processes?

Question 49

Why is zinc used to coat steel objects?