Deck 5: Deception Detection in the Legal System

Question 1

What theory posits that individuals make instantaneous (and frequently inaccurate)decisions about an individual's credibility upon seeing the person and that this initial assessment often leads to mistaken evaluations of honesty?

A) dangerous decisions theory
B) cognitive load theory
C) deception detection theory
D) motivated deception theory

Answer 1

dangerous decisions theory

Question 2

According to your text,what is one criticism of the control question technique?

A) The questions are not standardized.
B) It is very time consuming.
C) The results are difficult to interpret.
D) Many extraneous variables may contribute.

Answer 2

The questions are not standardized.

Question 3

What did analyses of people pleading on video find about deceptive murderers,relative to genuinely distressed pleaders?

A) They provided pleas that were similar in length.
B) They provided longer pleas.
C) They provided shorter pleas.
D) They provided pleas that were approximately twice as long.

Answer 3

They provided shorter pleas.

Question 4

What occurs when a facial expression is adopted in the absence of any affective experience?

A) It is being simulated.
B) It is being masked.
C) It is being neutralized.
D) It is being formulated.

Question 5

Studies show that people typically lie how many times a day?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 10

Question 6

What do criticisms of the guilty knowledge test concern?

A) its generalizability
B) its applicability
C) its validity
D) its reliability

Question 7

In general,studies have found that professionals can detect deception with what accuracy rate?

A) approximately 40 percent
B) approximately 50 percent
C) approximately 60 percent
D) approximately 75 percent

Question 8

What is the relationship/correlation between confidence and deception detection accuracy?

A) negative
B) positive
C) nonexistent
D) false

Question 9

What do individuals with a high level of emotional intelligence exhibit?

A) increased abilities to detect deception
B) an ability to detect deception that is similar to others
C) decreased ability to detect deception
D) increased ability to deceive

Question 10

High-stakes lies require excellent multitasking skills,which are associated with more salient behavioural cues.What is the name for this?

A) motivational enhancement effect
B) motivational impairment effect
C) behavioural deception effect
D) cognitive deception effect

Question 11

In what year did the Supreme Court decide that polygraph results were not admissible as evidence?

A) 1990
B) 1987
C) 1982
D) 1974

Question 12

What is a downside of using the Control Question Technique?

A) It produces wrong answers.
B) It produces a high false negative rate.
C) It produces a high false positive rate.
D) It produces unnecessary stress in the test taker.

Question 13

What is another term for enjoying the act of "pulling the wool over the eyes" of the deceived?

A) deceiving delight
B) duping delight
C) being sly
D) being psychopathic

Question 14

People reported lying the most on which form of communication?

A) e-mail
B) Twitter
C) phone calls
D) face-to-face interactions

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a major reason for lying?

A) because one enjoys duping others
B) to benefit other people
C) to gain something or to avoid something negative
D) materialistic/psychological reasons

Question 16

The examinees may engage in deliberate tactics to manipulate their physiological arousal,distort the polygraph output,and mislead the examiner.What are these tactics referred to as?

A) distractors
B) countertechniques
C) misleaders
D) countermeasures

Question 17

What is an investigative tool often used by police investigators that measures the manner in which a suspect responds physiologically to questions that are relevant and irrelevant to the crime in question?

A) a polygraph
B) a lie detector
C) a deception detector
D) a physiography

Question 18

What are the two main characteristics typical of high-stakes lies?

A) high motivation and multitasking
B) increased stress and extreme negative consequences
C) high motivation and high cognitive load
D) high emotional arousal and increased stress

Question 19

What is the most reliable cue to deception?

A) gaze aversion
B) fidgeting
C) signs of nervousness
D) facial expression

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the historic ordeals used to prove an individual's guilt?

A) ordeal of red water
B) ordeal of rice chewing
C) ordeal of balance
D) ordeal of burning

Question 21

Which famous scientist first hypothesized about genuine and false facial expressions?

A) Darwin
B) Freud
C) Jung
D) Pavlov

Question 22

Describe two types of studies used to evaluate the accuracy of the polygraph.

Question 23

What is a brief leakage of genuine emotions that manifest in the form of full-face emotional expressions for 1/25th to 1/5th of a second?

A) macroexpression
B) microexpression
C) micro-determinants
D) facial expressions

Question 24

fMRIs can examine what area of the brain to detect lies?

A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) prefrontal cortex
D) cerebellum

Question 25

Does the scientific community support the use of the lie detector in criminal investigations?

Question 26

Which approach is a validated means of deception detection?

A) contrast
B) comparison
C) baseline
D) behavioural

Question 27

What muscle is activated in a genuine smile?

A) obicularis major
B) zygomatic minor
C) zygomatic major
D) buccinators

Question 28

What is the purpose of the polygraph technique in a criminal investigation?

Question 29

Compare and contrast the control question technique with the guilty knowledge test.

Question 30

What is the reported accuracy rate of the SUE technique?

A) 85.4 percent
B) 76.2 percent
C) 65.3 percent
D) 53.1 percent

Question 31

What does deceptive speech tend to contain?

A) more personal pronouns
B) fewer personal pronouns
C) fewer second-person references
D) more verbs

Question 32

What is the current legal status of polygraph evidence in Canada?

Question 33

Do countermeasures work when a suspect is taking a polygraph examination?

Question 34

What are some criticisms of the polygraph,as it is typically used?

Question 35

Which hypothesis was examined to investigate the potential utility of microexpressions as a cue to deception?

A) muscle control hypothesis
B) repression hypothesis
C) disinhibition hypothesis
D) inhibition hypothesis

Question 36

What occurs when an expression of the felt emotion is inhibited and replaced with a different,falsified expression?

A) It is being simulated.
B) It is being masked.
C) It is being neutralized.
D) It is being formulated.

Question 37

What is a reliable body language cue to deception in low-stakes lies?

A) head movement
B) gaze aversion
C) the use of an illustrator
D) shifting

Question 38

What is deception?

Question 39

How frequently do people lie in daily social interactions?

Question 40

Are legal professionals able to detect deception?

Question 41

Describe three historical methods of deception detection.

Question 42

Identify three main reasons for lying,as found by DePaulo et al.

Question 43

Identify some common criticisms of the polygraph and its use in deception detection.

Question 44

Explain the theory of cognitive load.

Question 45

How does confidence affect one's ability to detect deception? Are law-enforcement officers,psychologists,judges,and other professionals better at detecting deception?

Question 46

What is the inhibition hypothesis proposed by Darwin? What are microexpressions?

Question 47

Describe the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection.

Question 48

What is the motivational impairment effect? Provide an example to illustrate this.

Question 49

Compare and contrast two studies that used two different approaches to detecting deception (e.g. ,two different theories or methods).