Deck 23: A Clash of Cultures

Question 1

Alain LeRoy Locke became famous for his contributions to the creation of jazz.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the decade between the end of the Great War and the onset of the Great Depression?

A) The decade saw a drastic decrease in urbanization due to the end of war preparations and widespread poverty due to the loss of urban wartime jobs.
B) The decade saw an onset of a shared sense of safety and prosperity, as Jim Crow laws were abolished and African Americans were rewarded for their contributions to the war.
C) As anti-Communist hysteria died down after the war, the decade saw many beneficial trade deals with Communist nations and a large Communist presence in American politics.
D) The decade saw a dramatic turn away from traditional religious beliefs and "native" ways of life, leading to the most liberal political climate the nation had ever seen.
E) As wartime agricultural exports dropped, the decade saw the prosperity of the urban middle class and an agricultural recession, resulting in millions of people moving to cities.

Answer 2

As wartime agricultural exports dropped, the decade saw the prosperity of the urban middle class and an agricultural recession, resulting in millions of people moving to cities.

Question 3

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) favored militant
protests over legal challenges as a way to end racial discrimination.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the 1920s, the progressive wings of the Republican and Democratic parties grew stronger
and more influential.

Question 5

The Florida land rush proved to be one of the more stable and long-lasting investments
of the 1920s.

Question 6

What does "modernism" mean in intellectual and artistic terms? How did the modernist movement influence American culture in the early twentieth century?

Question 7

The nation's total wealth greatly increased between 1920 and 1930, and wage workers enjoyed record-breaking increases in average income.

Question 8

What were the other major social and cultural trends and movements that became prominent during the twenties? How did they challenge traditional standards and customs?

Question 9

During the 1920s, scientists' ideas about the nature of the universe inspired modernist artists
to try new techniques.

Question 10

When Hemingway published his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, he used the phrase "lost
generation," which also became a name for young modernists of the time.

Question 11

Many mainstream Americans found "modernist" art bewildering.

Question 12

The growth of advertising in the United States slowed the creation of a mass culture.

Question 13

The 1920s pitted a cosmopolitan urban America against the values of an insular rural America.

Question 14

Assess the impact of the consumer culture during the 1920s. What contributed to its growth?

Question 15

Jazz music was a combination of folk, gospel, and country.

Question 16

The Harlem Renaissance was in part an effect of the Great Migration.

Question 17

African American and Latino women faced the greatest challenges, as they often worked as
maids, laundresses, or seamstresses, or on farms.

Question 18

Despite controversy, psychoanalysis rose in popularity around the world during the 1920s.

Question 19

The ________ amendment to the Constitution is known as the Prohibition amendment and resulted in ________.

A) Seventeenth; women's right to vote
B) Eighteenth; widespread lawbreaking
C) Nineteenth; effective voting protections for African Americans
D) Twentieth; a postwar boom in agricultural exports
E) Twenty-first; the end of Jim Crow laws

Question 20

The success of mass production made mass consumption less important than ever.

Question 21

In 1937, ________ set out to become the first pilot to fly around the world and disappeared over the South Pacific.

A) Charles Lindbergh Jr.
B) Amelia Earhart
C) Wilbur Wright
D) Orville Wright
E) Jack Dempsey

Question 22

Which sectors were the leading cause of economic growth in the 1920s, or "New Era"?

A) universities and art galleries
B) illegal drinking establishments and jazz clubs
C) construction and automobile manufacturing
D) film and radio
E) professional sports and motion pictures

Question 23

What occurred in Florida during the 1920s?

A) As Florida banned immigration from many countries, the federal government took the state's lead, and immigration in the larger United States slowed to unprecedented levels.
B) As one of the least developed states on the Atlantic coast, it experienced a real estate boom because it lacked an income tax and ownership of automobiles made it a vacation destination.
C) Like much of the South, it was comprised almost entirely of fertile farmland and soon was owned mainly by profitable sharecroppers.
D) Because it was so far away from the major city centers, it remained untouched by consumerism and became a place where those seeking a simple way of life found refuge.
E) After miners uncovered gold there, the state prospered and experienced a gold rush on a scale not yet seen since California during the mid-nineteenth century.

Question 24

Which of the following was a result of the spread of radios in households across America?

A) Advances in transportation were less in demand.
B) Politicians insisted on giving all speeches in person.
C) Movie theaters lost audiences.
D) Jazz music became a national favorite.
E) Spectator sports lost their appeal.

Question 25

Which of the following statements describes changes in the way goods were purchased during the 1920s?

A) The war had made Americans increasingly frugal, resulting in the middle class focusing its attention on the need for government programs to help protect its savings.
B) The absence of electricity in middle-class homes severely limited the types of goods one would find useful, causing industries to target only the upper class.
C) The rise of advertising contributed to a new consumer culture, strengthening the perceived relationship between social status and possessions.
D) As a rule, businesses began forcing customers to pay for goods in cash upfront rather than allowing them to finance purchases over time.
E) A new consumer culture became so pervasive that even the poor enjoyed the latest luxuries such as indoor plumbing, washing machines, and automobiles.

Question 26

What change did young people experience during the 1920s?

A) a widespread military draft
B) a return to Victorian values
C) increased parental supervision
D) a defiant sexual revolution
E) more difficult and time-consuming chores

Question 27

The development of a "mass culture" in the 1920s refers to

A) the death of the Democratic party and the idea that everyone shared the same political party.
B) the rise of national brands, advertising, and radio and film releases with a national audience.
C) the relative lack of immigration during the period, which caused there to be few ethnic groups.
D) the growth of shared opinions on science and technology in the face of impending war.
E) modernism's popularity across the United States, uniting Americans in a shared artistic culture.

Question 28

Which of the following statements accurately describes jazz?

A) It was a European innovation emerging from modern classical music.
B) It blended several musical traditions, such as ragtime and the blues.
C) It was originally a literary movement started by novelists.
D) It helped calm the fears of rural fundamentalists.
E) It originated in the western United States.

Question 29

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between African Americans and sports such as baseball in the 1920s?

A) Baseball remained a segregated sport with so-called Negro Leagues.
B) African Americans were forbidden from playing sports entirely.
C) Most of the star professional players of the day were African Americans.
D) African Americans were only allowed to play sports in college.
E) Pursuing sports was undesirable for whites and African Americans alike due to small crowds.

Question 30

Which one of the following is associated with Detroit, Michigan?

A) airplane industry
B) socialism
C) farming
D) entertainment industry
E) automobile industry

Question 31

Charlie Chaplin is best associated with

A) politics.
B) muckraking journalism.
C) the development of the automobile.
D) stand-up comedy.
E) slapstick comedy.

Question 32

Which of the following MOST pushed the development of the airplane?

A) the development of the car
B) the opportunities of advertising on the radio
C) the low levels of consumer debt in the 1920s
D) spectator sports
E) the Great War

Question 33

Which of the following statements accurately describes life in the South in the 1920s?

A) Because the automobile industry had barely begun and transportation was limited, the South remained entirely insulated from the North and the effects of consumerism.
B) The South experienced a rise in urbanization much as the North did; however, neither region could catch up to the West in terms of population.
C) Thanks to the eradication of Jim Crow laws, the South had been transformed into a region where African Americans had a large political presence and increasingly had white-collar jobs.
D) Compared to other regions, the South remained the poorest and most rural, with fewer farmers owning their land and black sharecroppers staying especially poor.
E) The South became home to the largest and most diverse cities in the country, partly enabled by the high crop prices of the agricultural sector.

Question 34

The novel This Side of Paradise concerned

A) immigrant life in New York City.
B) the lax enforcement of Prohibition.
C) modernist student life at Princeton.
D) fundamentalist attacks on modernism.
E) the beginnings of Miami's tourist industry.

Question 35

What industry provided the leading example of modern, mechanized mass-production techniques in the 1920s?

A) textiles
B) radios
C) automobiles
D) shipbuilding
E) agriculture

Question 36

The "House That Ruth Built" is known as

A) Wrigley Field.
B) Yankee Stadium.
C) Red Sox Field.
D) Tiger Stadium.
E) Ebbets Field.

Question 37

Harold Edward "Red" Grange is best associated with

A) politics.
B) football.
C) boxing.
D) baseball.
E) communism.

Question 38

Which of the following accurately describes the "new women" of the 1920s such as flappers?

A) women who called for the establishment of laws that would keep dresses and skirts long enough to cover women's knees
B) women who defied traditional standards for women with a carefree, self-indulgent rebelliousness
C) the majority of women in the United States, many of whom were struggling to make ends meet due to high unemployment rates
D) women who welcomed the vote but enthusiastically accepted the traditional roles of mother and wife
E) women who insisted that higher education was the path to enlightenment and established coeducational colleges across the country

Question 39

What was the state of sports in the 1920s?

A) Sports were largely limited to the upper class, as middle-class and working-class Americans had little time for recreation and spectator activities.
B) The limited technology of the time made it difficult for many people to attend games, but a decent percentage followed sports on the radio.
C) Spectator sports attracted large crowds, as automobile ownership and rising incomes changed the way Americans spent leisure time.
D) Although Americans enjoyed watching and playing a few key sports, players remained relatively anonymous and had not yet achieved a following or celebrity status.
E) Sports were popular but only had professional leagues because colleges refused to mix education and athletics, especially when they involved spectators.

Question 40

William Harrison "Jack" Dempsey was a hero to millions as a

A) football player.
B) baseball player.
C) horse jockey.
D) boxer.
E) jazz player.

Question 41

What brought about the end of the Jazz Age?

A) The seriousness of the Jazz Age gave way to the gaiety of a distinct new period known as the Roaring Twenties.
B) The luxuries and experiences made possible by the Jazz Age gradually became available to the lowest classes as well, causing the affluent in society to lose interest.
C) The Second World War suddenly broke out in Europe, requiring the immediate deployment of American soldiers and making the Jazz Age appear frivolous.
D) The situation became direr for the Americans during the Great War, and civilians needed to turn their attention to the war effort at home.
E) The Great Depression caused the collapse of the Jazz Age and, with it, helped erode the American belief in freedom at all costs.

Question 42

Who, in 1921, told Hemingway that he and his friends who had served in the war "are a lost generation"?

A) Gertrude Stein
B) Ezra Pound
C) T. S. Eliot
D) Franz Boas
E) Ernest Hemingway

Question 43

The horrors of the Great War accelerated

A) the need to rearm in the early 1920s.
B) the formation of the United Nations.
C) the birth of computers.
D) rebellion in the United States.
E) the rise of modernism in the arts.

Question 44

Which of the following did modernists believe?

A) Nature's reality can be captured in art.
B) Human reason ruled all of nature.
C) Science, such as the ideas of Einstein, and art had no connection.
D) Art, in the end, has strict rules that should be obeyed.
E) Challenging traditional values and notions of reality is important.

Question 45

Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of most American women in the 1920s?

A) The conservative political mood helped steer women who had worked for the war effort back into their traditional roles as homemakers.
B) Women received strong encouragement to enroll in coeducational colleges and universities to prepare for joining the professions.
C) Although a relatively small number of women were college educated, most of those who were college educated pursued careers outside the home.
D) The lack of technology available at the time and the rise in the number of women who were salaried professionals made housework more difficult than ever before.
E) Most women were flappers and, thanks to the jobs made available during the war, began to model their lives after that of Zelda Fitzgerald.

Question 46

Why was the Armory Show in 1913 significant?

A) It was a controversial sensation that caused modern art to become one of Americans' favorite subjects of debate.
B) It prominently featured the new military weapons developed immediately after the war during the early 1920s and called on attendees to support the war effort.
C) It revealed that there was only an audience for modernist art in Europe, practically ending the movement in the United States.
D) It was an effective demonstration of black nationalism and racial solidarity that went against Garveyism.
E) It for the first time presented the idea of an accessible "real" world that could be explained by science and be easily observed.

Question 47

In physics, the theory that the fundamental concepts of space, time, matter, and energy are not distinct, independent things with stable dimensions was developed by

A) Albert Einstein.
B) Isaac Newton.
C) Werner Heisenberg.
D) Max Planck.
E) Sir Francis Bacon.

Question 48

Fitzgerald's stories during the 1920s were

A) movie scripts written for Hollywood.
B) a criticism of the social elite, including himself.
C) manuscripts in notebooks not discovered until the 1960s.
D) entirely nonfictional pieces of writing.
E) a form of thought experiment focused on science.

Question 49

What did the NAACP emphasize?

A) legal action against discrimination
B) the formation of a black political party
C) vocational and technical education
D) Garvey's concept of social and political separation of blacks
E) strictly black membership

Question 50

Which of the following was a result of the Great Migration?

A) The economy in the North collapsed in the mid-1920s due to the loss of agricultural and sharecropping jobs.
B) African Americans tended to find camaraderie with Irish and Italian immigrants who identified with them.
C) Northern states granted women the right to vote due to pressure from the western states.
D) The number of ethnic groups in the United States soared, making the overall white population the minority for the first time.
E) African Americans who had participated in the migration still experienced discrimination but fewer injustices than before.

Question 51

What was the significance of the events involving Mabel Puffer and Arthur Hazzard in Concord, New Hampshire?

A) They demonstrated the rise in successful interracial marriages and the growing acceptance of the American public toward African American equality.
B) They demonstrated the controversial aspects of modernist art and how most of the general public viewed such pieces as low art.
C) They demonstrated that, despite having fought to "make the world safe for democracy," the United States remained unsafe for those who dared to cross the color line.
D) They demonstrated the willingness of African Americans and white Americans alike to defy the liquor laws that went into effect due to Prohibition.
E) They demonstrated how the growing freedom of American women as a whole tended to curb the effects of racism in the United States.

Question 52

Which London-based American not only wrote and published modernist works but mentored up-and-coming authors?

A) Ezra Pound
B) Edward Bellamy
C) Gertrude Stein
D) T. S. Eliot
E) Ernest Hemingway

Question 53

Einstein's theories in the early twentieth century revolutionized science by

A) revealing that all things are static and unchanging.
B) showing that there are no absolute standards in the world.
C) illustrating that space, time, matter, and energy are distinct and independent.
D) discovering the concept of gravity.
E) proving that the theory of relativity was incompatible with modernism.

Question 54

Who developed the theoretical basis for quantum physics?

A) Albert Einstein
B) Isaac Newton
C) Max Planck
D) Werner Heisenberg
E) Sir Francis Bacon

Question 55

Conservative moralists saw the flappers as just another sign of

A) progress.
B) equality.
C) women's rights.
D) a degenerating society.
E) an economic downturn.

Question 56

Why did James Weldon Johnson coin the term Aframerican?

A) to mark the end of the Harlem Renaissance
B) to emphasize the shame African Americans at the time felt
C) to underscore the lack of discrimination in the northern states
D) to give a name to white Americans who supported African Americans
E) to designate Americans with African ancestry as a display of unity

Question 57

Which of the following is true of the novels of Ernest Hemingway?

A) They portrayed utopian communities in a socialist society and, unconcerned with war, attempted to envision a world devoid of conflict.
B) They attacked the corruption of machine politics in the large cities through a series of moralizing narratives.
C) They traced the philosophical connections between twentieth-century America and eighteenth-century Britain.
D) They described the frenetic, hard-drinking lifestyle and the cult of robust masculinity that Hemingway himself epitomized.
E) They were intended to capture his belief in the impossibility of writing anything resembling real life while writing fiction.

Question 58

What was known as the Great Migration?

A) the mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North in pursuit of better living conditions and jobs
B) the influx of refugees from Europe following the Great War, resulting in a scramble to find them enough food and housing
C) the return of many African Americans from the South to Africa following the Emancipation Proclamation
D) the surge in the number of white settlers moving West due to the promise of gold and voting rights for women
E) the relocation of many African Americans from the inter-cities to the country in search of sharecropping jobs

Question 59

Which court case or legal action brought the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments back to life?

A) Abrams v. United States (1918)
B) Schenck v. United States (1917)
C) Buchanan v. Worley (1917)
D) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
E) Guinn v. United States (1915)

Question 60

Gertrude Stein was a(n)

A) disc jockey.
B) Dada artist.
C) experimentalist poet.
D) freedom fighter in the Great War.
E) member of Congress.

Question 61

Define what the phrase "The Modernist Revolt" means.

Question 62

Match each description with the item below.
Alain Le Roy Locke

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 63

Match each description with the item below.
Henry Ford

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 64

"The major theme in American society in the 1920s was the theme of cultural alienation."
Defend this statement.

Question 65

Match each description with the item below.
Zora Neal Hurston

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 66

Match each description with the item below.
Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 67

Match each description with the item below.
Warren
G. Harding

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 68

To what extent did women's lives change in the 1920s?

Question 69

Describe the influence of modernism in literature.

Question 70

Match each description with the item below.
W.
B. Du Bois
E.

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 71

How did the scientific work of Albert Einstein, Max Planck, and Werner Heisenberg influence American thought?

Question 72

Match each description with the item below.
William Harrison "Jack" Dempsey

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 73

Match each description with the item below.
Gertrude Stein

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 74

Trace the career of Marcus Garvey and discuss how his philosophy divided the African
American community in the 1920s.

Question 75

Describe the variety of spectator sports common in the 1920s. How successful were they in
capturing the imagination of Americans?

Question 76

Describe the consumer culture of 1920s America. How did consumer culture shape this era and vice versa?

Question 77

Match each description with the item below.
Marcus Garvey

A)was a politician who, while campaigning, promised a return to "normalcy" and went on to succeed Woodrow Wilson
B)was the New York nurse and midwife in the working-class tenements of Manhattan who observed many young mothers struggling to provide for their growing families
C)hosted a cultural salon in Paris that became a gathering place for American and European modernists
D)was the first African American to enroll at Barnard College, positioned herself at the center of the Harlem Renaissance, and became an anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist
E)became the director of publicity and research for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of its journal, The Crisis
F)was an athlete who was especially popular with working-class men because he had been born poor and lived for years wandering in search of work
G)was a flapper and writer who defied traditional standards for women and enjoyed putting on spectacles such as dancing in New York water fountains
H)developed an affordable automobile for the masses and developed a production model that other automakers would go on to adopt
I)was the leader of black nationalism and racial solidarity whose message most appealed to poor blacks in northern cities
J)was the first black Rhodes Scholar and became the guiding spirit of the "new" African American culture

Question 78

In what ways did the African American community benefit from the changes of the 1920s,
and how did it pass them by?

Question 79

Describe the defensive temper of the 1920s. Who was defending what? What factors contributed to this trend?

Question 80

Discuss the meaning and significance of the Harlem Renaissance.