Deck 2: Prenatal Development, Pregnancy, and Birth

Question 1

Research that explores the long-term effects of pregnancy traumas on the development of babies later in life is known as _____ research.

A)fetal programming
B)intrauterine
C)prenatal
D)teratogen

Answer 1

A

Question 2

At conception,there are 20 percent _____ males than females;at birth,there are 5 percent _____ males than females.

A)more;more
B)fewer;more
C)more;fewer
D)fewer;fewer

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The fluid-filled chamber which provides a "home" for the developing fetus,as well as insulation from infection and harm,is the:

A)amniotic sac.
B)umbilical cord.
C)placenta.
D)neural tube.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Jesse's wife is in the second stage of labor,when he notices the scalp of the baby for the first time.Jesse's baby is:

A)crowning.
B)dilating.
C)effacing.
D)contracting.

Question 5

The almond-shaped organ(s)where the ova reside is/are called the:

A)ovaries.
B)fallopian tubes.
C)cervix.
D)uterus.

Question 6

The most common chromosomal abnormality causes:

A)sickle cell anemia.
B)Huntington's disease.
C)Tay-Sachs disease.
D)Down syndrome.

Question 7

A preterm baby refers to a baby that has arrived in the world more than _____ early.

A)two days
B)one week
C)two weeks
D)three weeks

Question 8

Implantation refers to the:

A)fertilization of the egg.
B)time during which all major organs of the fetus are constructed.
C)process in which the sperm penetrates the egg lining and burrows into the egg.
D)process in which a blastocyst becomes embedded in the uterine wall.

Question 9

The proximodistal sequence of development refers to the concept that growth occurs from the:

A)extremities towards the trunk of the body.
B)large structures to the smaller structures.
C)most interior parts of the body outward.
D)head to the tail (top to bottom).

Question 10

Which of the following is true of human chromosomes?

A)Some normally-developing humans have fewer or more than 46 chromosomes.
B)Each human has an identical number of paired chromosomes,one contributed by the mother and the other contributed by the father.
C)The mother contributes most of the chromosomes to the baby.
D)Each chromosome pair is a perfect match,including the chromosomes that determine gender.

Question 11

The first two weeks of prenatal development,from fertilization to implantation,is called the _____ stage.

A)fetal
B)germinal
C)placental
D)embryonic

Question 12

Exposure to harmful substances is MOST likely to cause major structural damage to a fetus during the _____ stage of development.

A)embryonic
B)fetal
C)germinal
D)post-partum

Question 13

The process that involves the union of a sperm and an egg is known as:

A)ovulation.
B)hormonal balancing.
C)fertilization.
D)cervical fluid.

Question 14

The embryonic period of development lasts for about _____ weeks.

A)2
B)6
C)15
D)24

Question 15

Martha is about 18 weeks pregnant and has begun to experience the sensation known as "quickening." Martha is feeling:

A)crowning.
B)false labor.
C)the fetus moving inside the womb.
D)heartburn.

Question 16

The pear-shaped muscular organ in a woman's abdomen that houses a developing baby is the:

A)cervix.
B)uterus.
C)fallopian tube.
D)ovum.

Question 17

Infant mortality refers to deaths that occur within the first _____ of life.

A)day
B)month
C)year
D)two years

Question 18

Jeanine has had surgery on the pair of slim,pipe-like structures that connect her ovaries with her uterus.Jeanine has had surgery on her:

A)fallopian tubes.
B)ovaries.
C)uterus.
D)ova.

Question 19

A developing baby absorbs nutrients through the _____,which is a structure projecting from the wall of the uterus during pregnancy.

A)placenta
B)cervix
C)ovum
D)blastocyst

Question 20

The male structure,known as the _____,is comparable to the ovaries in females.

A)testes
B)sperm
C)penis
D)hormones

Question 21

Arial is 28 weeks pregnant.While she reports feeling "great," her husband has been complaining of symptoms typical of morning sickness.Her husband may be suffering from:

A)gestational diabetes.
B)teratogen sickness.
C)couvade.
D)pregnancy.

Question 22

Morning sickness typically occurs during the fetal stage of development.

Question 23

Exposure to teratogens can affect the developing brain:

A)only before a woman knows she is pregnant.
B)only during the first trimester.
C)only in extremely rare situations;in general,the baby is immune to teratogens that affect the mother.
D)throughout pregnancy.

Question 24

Rachel was born one hour ago.She has already been given:

A)neonatal intensive care.
B)the Apgar scale.
C)the PKU (phenylketonuria)scale.
D)the viability scale.

Question 25

By the end of the embryonic period,the major human body structures and organs are formed (with the exception of the brain).

Question 26

Prenatal growth occurs from the most interior parts of the body outward.This prenatal principle is known as the _____ sequence.

A)mass to specificity
B)proximodistal
C)viability
D)cephalocaudal

Question 27

Sperm can live for several days inside a woman's reproductive tract.

Question 28

More male babies than female babies are conceived.

Question 29

The cylindrical structure that will eventually develop into the brain is the:

A)cephalocaudal tube.
B)couvade.
C)neural tube.
D)blastocyst.

Question 30

Very few babies born before the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy survive.

Question 31

By the end of the embryonic period,the neurons have migrated to the top of the neural tube.

Question 32

All of the following characterize morning sickness EXCEPT that it:

A)often involves queasiness that can occur periodically all day.
B)may be an evolutionary mechanism to keep pregnant women from eating spoiled foods.
C)tends to occur only in the morning.
D)tends to occur only during the first trimester.

Question 33

Karen is giving her newborn a bath.She is cleaning the baby's belly button,which is where the _____ was attached to the baby.

A)neurons
B)blastocyst
C)amniotic sac
D)umbilical cord

Question 34

A crucial factor predicting the emotional quality of pregnancy is whether the mom-to-be feels nurtured and loved.

Question 35

Infant mortality rates vary depending on the country and geographic region.Which country has a rate of 115 deaths per 1,000 live births as of 2014?

A)United States
B)Haiti
C)Afghanistan
D)Spain

Question 36

During implantation,the blastocyst embeds itself in the uterine wall.

Question 37

Which is the MOST important force that determines the emotional quality of a pregnancy?

A)feeling cared about and loved
B)getting adequate prenatal care
C)being affluent
D)having the child's father present

Question 38

The first stage of labor,when the cervix widens enough to allow the baby to emerge,is called:

A)expulsion.
B)crowning.
C)dilation and effacement.
D)delivery.

Question 39

A woman's cervix expands to push the baby out of the uterus during birth.

Question 40

Quickening occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Question 41

The success rate for in vitro fertilization approaches 80 percent.

Question 42

A person with a dominant single-gene disorder inherits a faulty gene from each parent.

Question 43

Teratogens produce deformities in the major body structures during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Question 44

In vitro fertilization is typically an expensive procedure.

Question 45

It is unusual for a baby's head to appear first during birth.

Question 46

Adoptive parents are naturally less bonded to their babies than biological parents.

Question 47

To be classified as infertile,a couple must have unprotected sex for one year without conceiving.

Question 48

All are true of the cervix EXCEPT that it:

A)expands dramatically to allow the baby to emerge during birth.
B)is the lower neck of the uterus.
C)is an amazingly flexible muscle.
D)houses the developing baby in a woman's abdomen.

Question 49

Developmentalists,along with the wider world,tend to pay less attention to the emotions of dads-to-be than they do to pregnant moms' emotions.

Question 50

The cesarean section (C-section)rate has been declining in the developed world.

Question 51

A woman's reports that she quit smoking during pregnancy are totally trustworthy.

Question 52

Today,women in developed countries have a variety of birth choices.

Question 53

The pipelike _____ serves as a conduit to the uterus.

A)fallopian tube
B)cervix
C)vesicles
D)ovary

Question 54

Traumatic life events during pregnancy can promote low birth weight and end up programming the baby to "put on pounds" during life.

Question 55

Sex-linked single-gene disorders are typically passed down from mothers to sons.

Question 56

Infant mortality refers to deaths that occur within the first year after birth.

Question 57

Sperm is to ovum as testis is to:

A)fallopian tube.
B)ovary.
C)uterus.
D)cervix.

Question 58

Teratogens tend to affect the developing fetal brain during the second and third trimesters.

Question 59

Pregnancy is typically a time of:

A)incredible excitement and fear.
B)unusual inner calm.
C)intense anger.
D)pure happiness.

Question 60

Unlike amniocentesis,chorionic villus sampling (CVS)takes place during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Question 61

Which is the correct sequence?

A)ovulation,fertilization,zygote,blastocyst,implantation
B)fertilization,ovulation,blastocyst,implantation,zygote
C)zygote,ovulation,fertilization,implantation,blastocyst
D)fertilization,ovulation,blastocyst,implantation

Question 62

The earliest structure to form during the embryonic stage is the _____.

A)heart
B)hands
C)legs
D)fingers

Question 63

Danielle asks,"Are new sperm continually produced?" Which reply is correct?

A)"Yes.Sperm are manufactured continuously."
B)"No.All sperm are formed early in life."
C)"Yes and no.Some sperm are present early in life.Others are continually manufactured."
D)"Scientists have no data relating to this question."

Question 64

Jack and Diane desperately want a son.What are their odds of getting this wish?

A)It's a coin toss;there is a 50 percent chance of having a male.
B)Because the Y chromosomes carrying sperm are lighter and faster,the odds favor having a male.
C)Because the X chromosomes carrying sperm are larger and faster,the odds favor having a girl.
D)Even though more males are conceived,the odds favor having a girl.

Question 65

Phillip asks,"How many chromosomes do humans have?" Which reply is correct?

A)11.5
B)23
C)46
D)92

Question 66

More males are conceived and _____ males die in utero and during each stage of life.

A)more
B)fewer
C)1 in 0.5
D)1 in 2

Question 67

Development during the embryonic stage is fast-paced,while development during the fetal stage occurs:

A)more slowly.
B)at a faster pace.
C)at the same pace.
D)halts.

Question 68

Link each statement to the correct principle of prenatal development: (1)the arms form before the hands; (2)the head forms before the feet; (3)the fingers form before the fingernails.

A)(1)proximodistal; (2)cephalocaudal; (3)mass to specific
B)(1)cephalocaudal; (2)proximodistal; (3)mass to specific
C)(1)mass to specific; (2)cephalocaudal; (3)proximodistal
D)(1)cephalocaudal; (2)mass to specific; (3)proximodistal

Question 69

Genes:

A)function as templates for producing proteins.
B)produce human chromosomes.
C)produce human DNA.
D)produce mainly waste material

Question 70

Match each prenatal stage to the appropriate description: (1)first 2 weeks after fertilization; (2)all major body organs form; (3)final stage lasting roughly 7 months.

A)(1)embryonic; (2)germinal; (3)fetal
B)(1)fetal; (2)germinal; (3)embryonic
C)(1)germinal; (2)embryonic; (3)fetal
D)(1)germinal; (2)fetal; (3)embryonic

Question 71

Maru asks,"To get pregnant,when is the best time to have intercourse?" Which reply is correct?

A)"right around the time of ovulation"
B)"a week before ovulation"
C)"just before menstruation"
D)"There is no ideal time."

Question 72

Link the correct terms about prenatal development to the following descriptions: (1)union of sperm and egg; (2)first cell; (3)first phase of prenatal development; (4)structure that implants in the uterine wall.

A)(1)fertilization; (2)zygote; (3)germinal period; (4)blastocyst
B)(1)germinal period; (2)zygote; (3)blastocyst; (4)zygote
C)(1)blastocyst; (2)zygote; (3)germinal period; (4)fertilization
D)(1)zygote; (2)blastocyst; (3)fertilization; (4)germinal period

Question 73

Which is/are formed during the embryonic stage?

A)major body organs
B)digestive system alone
C)circulatory system alone
D)brain alone

Question 74

During the germinal stage,the:

A)ovum is released from the ovaries.
B)blastocyst begins to embed into the uterine wall.
C)heart begins to form.
D)placenta begins to form.

Question 75

When a sperm penetrates the nucleus of the ovum,the two meld into one cell.That event is called _____.

A)fertilization
B)ovulation
C)genesis
D)zygosity

Question 76

During the embryonic period,_____ is/are formed.

A)the neural tube alone
B)the arms and legs alone
C)the circulatory system alone
D)every major body structure

Question 77

Which is the correct sequence of events during the germinal stage?

A)fertilization,blastocyst,implantation
B)blastocyst,fertilization,implantation
C)implantation,fertilization,blastocyst
D)fertilization,implantation,blastocyst

Question 78

Darwa asks Ethan,"What is the main function of the placenta?" Ethan should answer that the placenta:

A)"removes waste from the mother."
B)"provides nutrients to the fetus."
C)"keeps the fetus from sliding out of the uterus."
D)"supports the pregnant woman's health."

Question 79

All are true of the neural tube EXCEPT that it:

A)appears during the early embryonic stage.
B)will eventually form the brain and spinal cord.
C)contains almost all the neurons people have throughout life.
D)is formed during the fetal stage.

Question 80

Jaime asks Olga,"When do the vast majority of human neurons form?" Olga should