Deck 14: The Physical Challenges of Aging

Question 1

William is a certified nursing assistant (CNA)in a nursing home facility.According to the text,on the wages William makes,he can:

A)comfortably support his family.
B)provide for his family and care for his own ailing mother.
C)barely make ends meet.
D)live very well.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Jon and Karen have worked their way up the socioeconomic status ladder;this gives them a better chance of living a healthier and longer life.This relationship between socioeconomic social status and a longer lifespan is called the:

A)disparity gap.
B)civil-service hierarchy.
C)maturation culture.
D)socioeconomic health gap.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

At age 76,Jason needs almost constant care.He can no longer stand without assistance or go to the bathroom by himself.Jason has problems with:

A)dementia.
B)arthritis.
C)instrumental ADLs [activities of daily living].
D)basic ADLs [activities of daily living].

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Who has the highest automobile accident rates per miles driven?

A)men in their 20s
B)women in their 20s
C)people over 60
D)people over 75

Question 5

Ilana,an avid knitter,noticed recently that,for the first time,she was having trouble seeing the hole through which to pull the knitting needle.Ilana is most likely in her:

A)late 20s or 30s.
B)late 40s or 50s.
C)60s or 70s.
D)70s or early 80s.

Question 6

Seventy-year-old Laticia lives in rural Tennessee with her husband.The couple has a daughter who recently visited with three grandchildren.When one of her grandchildren asks,"Grandma,how long have you lived here?" Laticia replies,"We've lived in Georgia for the last 20 years." In fact,Laticia and her family moved away from Georgia almost 40 years ago.Laticia may be suffering from early stage dementia because she is forgetting _____ information.

A)complex episodic
B)basic semantic
C)procedural
D)simple episodic

Question 7

Jeannie,a highly intelligent 45-year-old woman,has the APOE-4 marker for Alzheimer's.Jeannie will:

A)be less likely to get Alzheimer's disease in her older years than someone without this marker.
B)be more likely to get Alzheimer's disease in her young-old years than someone without this marker.
C)definitely develop Alzheimer's disease in her older years.
D)definitely develop Alzheimer's disease within the next few years.

Question 8

Khalid has reached his late 50s.You can predict that he will have all of the following visual problems EXCEPT troubles:

A)seeing in dim light.
B)with glare.
C)seeing in daylight.
D)seeing close up.

Question 9

All of the following are true of Hispanic Americans who live in poverty EXCEPT that they tend to:

A)outlive poverty-level European Americans.
B)outlive African Americans.
C)receive social support from other Hispanic Americans.
D)outlive Asian Americans.

Question 10

Ritkriti is an elderly woman who is having trouble with everyday household tasks such as cooking.These tasks are called:

A)dementia.
B)fine motor skills.
C)basic DLA [daily living activities] problems.
D)instrumental ADL [activities of daily living] problems.

Question 11

Yolanda has always been a great cook.However,at the age of 90,she now is unable to cook for herself,although she can still walk and dress herself.Yolanda has a problem with:

A)dementia.
B)arthritis.
C)instrumental ADLs [activities of daily living].
D)basic ADLs [activities of daily living].

Question 12

Vanessa was recently diagnosed with dementia.In pinpointing the specific type of dementia,doctors explain that this woman's illness,called _____,involves impairments in the vascular blood system,or network of arteries feeding the brain.

A)vascular dementia
B)Pick's disease
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Parkinson's disease

Question 13

Marc has instrumental ADL [activities of daily living] impairments.He lives alone,has sufficient financial resources,and does not require 24-hour nursing care.Which care option might be ideal for Marc?

A)a continuing-care retirement community
B)an assisted-living facility
C)a nursing home
D)day care

Question 14

Professor Stanwyck,a 50-year-old instructor at a community college,is beginning to have problems reading students' papers,especially when the students use small fonts and print their work on white paper.Professor Stanwyck MOST likely is developing:

A)glaucoma.
B)macular degeneration.
C)presbyopia.
D)presbycusis.

Question 15

Although average life expectancy has increased dramatically,the _____ lifespan has not changed at all.

A)median
B)maximum
C)mean
D)minimum

Question 16

Your friend,Carrie,is concerned that her mother may be showing early signs of Alzheimer's disease.All of the following are good pieces of advice that you could offer to Carrie EXCEPT to:

A)keep the environment stable and predictable.
B)respect her mother's "personhood."
C)take her mother for a brain scan to look at individual neurons.
D)seek help from an Alzheimer's support group.

Question 17

Gertrude,a mentally sharp but physically impaired resident at a local assisted-living facility,complains that the staff talks to her as if she were a baby.The staff is using:

A)elderspeak.
B)lazy communication style.
C)oldster speak.
D)ageist language.

Question 18

Grace has just been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.Grace has a major type of a general category of problem known as:

A)Asperger's syndrome.
B)low intelligence test score.
C)dementia.
D)macular degeneration.

Question 19

According to statistics,compared to a middle-class adult,a low-income person will die _____,and become disabled at a(n)_____ age.

A)sooner;older
B)at the same age;older
C)sooner;younger
D)later;younger

Question 20

The main cause of limiting independent living later in life is:

A)"lower body" impairments.
B)poor hearing.
C)difficulty with divided-attention tasks.
D)early stage dementia.

Question 21

People with Alzheimer's disease cannot live a fulfilling life.

Question 22

In general,which elderly adult with severe ADL [activities of daily living] impairments is LEAST likely to have to live in a nursing home?

A)Marge,who is widowed,with one son who lives across country
B)Edison,who is divorced
C)Pedro,who lives with his wife,and has a daughter who is willing to take him in
D)Yoenis,who has dementia

Question 23

Alzheimer's disease is caused by small strokes that limit the brain's blood supply.

Question 24

People do not experience age-related vision changes until the sixties.

Question 25

Education affects aging rates.

Question 26

The socioeconomic health gap-or illness disparity between richer and less affluent people-first appears around age 60.

Question 27

Giving up driving is not an important issue for older adults;so,for everyone's safety,people over a certain age should have their licenses revoked.

Question 28

ADL (activities of daily life)impairments become common in the young-old years.

Question 29

Alzheimer's disease is virtually universal among people in their nineties.

Question 30

Researchers are very close to curing Alzheimer's disease.

Question 31

Older people greatly appreciate being talked to in elderspeak.

Question 32

Women outlive men,but report more health problems throughout adult life.

Question 33

Many babies born today will live beyond the maximum lifespan.

Question 34

The physical losses of normal aging at their extreme often become chronic disease.

Question 35

The normal age-related vision changes people experience are often caused by changes in the lens.

Question 36

Poor Latino Americans outlive poverty-level white Americans.

Question 37

The age-related sensory change that causes the MOST serious interpersonal problems is hearing loss.

Question 38

Gloria is 40-years old and is employed as a(n)_____;she provides hands-on care in a nursing home,helping elderly residents with basic ADL [activities of daily living] problems.

A)radiologist
B)in-home caregiver
C)mortician
D)certified nursing assistant or aide

Question 39

Excessive exposure to noise leads to age-related hearing loss.

Question 40

Normal aging changes occur slowly over years.

Question 41

Virtually all U.S.nursing homes provide substandard care.

Question 42

When Professor Quarto is discussing the relationship of chronic diseases to disability and death,which of the following should he say?

A)"All chronic diseases cause death."
B)"Many chronic diseases impair functioning,but only some cause death."
C)"Few chronic diseases impair functioning."
D)"No chronic diseases cause death."

Question 43

Jane is 80 years old and can live alone,but she has trouble standing at her stove to cook a meal and pushing a vacuum cleaner.Jane has _____ ADL (activities of daily life)impairments.

A)basic
B)serious
C)chronic
D)instrumental

Question 44

What is the relationship between normal aging and chronic disease?

A)Normal aging changes,when they get severe,often become chronic disease.
B)The signs of normal aging are totally different than chronic disease.
C)Normal aging is exactly the same as chronic disease.
D)Normal aging begins at the same age as does chronic disease.

Question 45

Dr.Wallid is describing physical aging.Which is NOT a description she should say?

A)"Normal aging changes,as they get severe,often turn into chronic disease."
B)"ADL (activities of daily life)impairments are far more common in the old-old years."
C)"The human lifespan has a biologically defined limit."
D)"Many people now survive past age 115."

Question 46

The average nursing home resident in the United States is female and in her late eighties to nineties.

Question 47

Miriam is 80 and cannot walk or dress herself.Miriam has _____ ADL (activities of daily life)impairments and may need to move to nursing home.

A)basic
B)serious
C)chronic
D)instrumental

Question 48

According to the textbook author,successful aging involves people:

A)avoiding physical deterioration.
B)acting as they did when they were young.
C)living meaningfully no matter what their physical state.
D)having good genes.

Question 49

Who has instrumental ADL (activities of daily life)impairments?

A)Mrs.Jones,who is having trouble cooking and cleaning
B)Mr.Soto,who cannot dress himself
C)Mr.Rendon,who cannot get to the toilet
D)Mrs.Belsky,who needs nursing-home care

Question 50

All aging changes are normal EXCEPT that they:

A)may be prevented if people take care of their health.
B)progress gradually.
C)involve physical deterioration.
D)often become chronic disease at their extreme.

Question 51

The normal age change called _____ progresses into heart disease.

A)atherosclerosis
B)night vision troubles
C)bone-density loss
D)hearing loss

Question 52

Normal aging changes:

A)begin in late-middle age and suddenly get dramatically worse.
B)gradually progress over years.
C)start at age 65.
D)begin during childhood.

Question 53

Which is NOT a normal aging change?

A)bone density losses
B)hearing losses
C)atherosclerosis
D)Alzheimer's disease

Question 54

Most nursing home aides feel their work is meaningless.

Question 55

Which is the correct progression over time (that is,over the years)?

A)normal aging;chronic disease;ADL impairments
B)chronic disease;normal aging;ADL impairments
C)ADL impairments;chronic disease;normal aging
D)normal aging;ADL impairments;chronic disease

Question 56

Alternatives to nursing homes,such as assisted-living facilities,are widely available to all Americans.

Question 57

All of these people have basic ADL (activities of daily life)impairments EXCEPT:

A)Mrs.Im,who cannot dress herself.
B)Mrs.Johnson,who cannot get to the toilet.
C)Mr.Cortez,who needs nursing home care.
D)Mr.Horowitz,who is ninety years old.

Question 58

The age group MOST likely to have ADL (activities of daily life)impairments is in their _____.

A)sixties
B)seventies
C)eighties
D)nineties

Question 59

Normal aging changes:

A)begin in midlife.
B)get worse over time.
C)begin in old age.
D)are totally different than chronic diseases.

Question 60

Chronic diseases affect:

A)only people who do not take care of their health.
B)every person if he or she lives long enough.
C)only people in the old-old years.
D)most people in middle age.

Question 61

All of these forces are life shortening EXCEPT:

A)living in a crime-ridden neighborhood.
B)eating high-fat foods and not exercising.
C)being a high-powered executive.
D)undergoing severe childhood stress.

Question 62

The risk of having ADL (activities of daily life)impairments greatly accelerates after the _____.

A)fifties
B)sixties
C)early seventies
D)mid- to late seventies

Question 63

When Dr.Rust is lecturing about the human maximum lifespan,which is NOT a statement he can make?

A)This is the barrier age beyond which people must die.
B)A few people worldwide live to age 110.
C)The maximum lifespan is increasing due to better medical care.
D)The maximum lifespan is genetically determined.

Question 64

Calorie restriction has all of these documented benefits EXCEPT:

A)increasing rats' maximum lifespan.
B)raising the human maximum lifespan.
C)retarding the aging process in animals.
D)putting off puberty until an older age in rats.

Question 65

In order,which is an example of an instrumental ADL (activities of daily living)and a basic ADL (activities of daily life)impairment?

A)trouble cooking;trouble feeding oneself
B)trouble dressing oneself;trouble cooking
C)trouble feeding oneself;trouble cooking
D)trouble cleaning house;trouble cooking

Question 66

Because underfeeding can increase the maximum lifespan,a colleague asks if he should adopt that strategy.Having read the text,which is the MOST appropriate response?

A)Yes;go for it!
B)Be cautious since what applies to rats may not fit human beings.
C)It's hopeless,as researchers have documented that underfeeding doesn't work in humans.
D)Underfeeding can put off cancer,but no other disease.

Question 67

Who is MOST likely to survive to the nineties?

A)Mona,a wealthy European American woman
B)Ali,a wealthy European American man
C)Francisco,a Latino man
D)Belinda,a Latino woman

Question 68

All of these women need full-time caregiving (or a nursing home)EXCEPT:

A)Mrs.Smith,who cannot dress herself.
B)Ms.Chen,who cannot get to the toilet.
C)Mrs.Adachi,who cannot feed herself.
D)Mrs.Rodrigues,who is widowed.

Question 69

A baby born today may possibly survive_____.

A)to age 1000
B)to age 130
C)to 85 but not older
D)to the maximum lifespan,but not beyond

Question 70

According to this chapter,which will be the case during the next decades?

A)More people will live beyond the maximum lifespan.
B)Far fewer people will reach age 100 than they do today.
C)The human maximum lifespan will be roughly the same as today.
D)Scientists will find a solution,or magic bullet,that prevents aging.

Question 71

The MOST common age-related disease is _____.

A)asthma
B)heart disease
C)osteoporosis
D)arthritis

Question 72

Which of the following does NOT explain why scientists are pessimistic about extending the human maximum lifespan?

A)Aging has complex causes,so a single anti-aging intervention won't work.
B)People love to eat more than they should.
C)Evolution programmed the human body not to survive beyond the grandparent years.
D)What applies to rats may not apply to humans.

Question 73

Which physical indicator does NOT predict dying at a younger-than-average age?

A)obesity
B)short telomeres
C)a high allostatic load
D)impaired vision

Question 74

Elizaveta's brother has just been diagnosed with diabetes.Which of the following is NOT true?

A)This disease attacks many organs.
B)Diabetes promotes overall aging.
C)This disease is often a consequence of being obese.
D)Diabetics often die in childhood.

Question 75

The socioeconomic health gap appears:

A)around age 60.
B)in middle age.
C)at every age.
D)for males,not for females.

Question 76

John is an adult living below the poverty line.Statistically speaking,all are true of John EXCEPT that he is apt to:

A)die at a younger-than-average age.
B)develop "old-age illnesses" during midlife.
C)look physically older than his peers.
D)have fewer life stresses than other people his age.

Question 77

The socioeconomic health gap:

A)appears in every nation.
B)begins in old age.
C)begins in middle age.
D)is widest in the developed world.

Question 78

What is the MOST important disease promoting overall aging?

A)diabetes
B)osteoporosis
C)glaucoma
D)arthritis

Question 79

Statistically speaking,who is likely to die at the youngest age?

A)a poorly educated man
B)a poorly educated woman
C)any man
D)any woman

Question 80

Low socioeconomic-status adults age faster and die at a younger age than their wealthier counterparts.This is true:

A)only in affluent nations.
B)only in developing nations.
C)in every nation.
D)only in nations without universal health care.