Deck 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues

Question 1

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?

A)parathyroid
B)spleen
C)thyroid
D)pineal gland

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Ossification of the ends of long bones .

A)is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation
B)is produced by secondary ossification centers
C)involves medullary cavity formation
D)takes twice as long as diaphysis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Factors in preventing or delaying)osteoporosis include _.

A)decreasing weight- bearing exercise
B)drinking fluoridated water
C)increasing dietary vitamin C
D)decreasing exposure to the sun

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of .

A)potassium,phosphate,and vitamin D
B)vitamin D,phosphate,and chloride
C)sodium,calcium,and vitamin E
D)calcium,phosphate,and vitamin D

Question 5

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum.The inner osteogenic)layer consists primarily of _ .

A)cartilage and compact bone
B)chondrocytes and osteocytes
C)osteoblasts and osteoclasts
D)marrow and osteons

Question 6

What are the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live called?

A)Volkmann's canals
B)trabeculae
C)Haversian canals
D)lacunae

Question 7

Spongy bones are made up of a framework called .

A)osseous lamellae
B)trabeculae
C)osteons
D)lamellar bone

Question 8

Lengthwise,long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through .

A)differentiation of osteoclasts
B)the secretion of bone matrix into the medullary cavity
C)calcification of the matrix
D)interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Question 9

The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton,which begins about the age of 40,_ .

A)reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization
B)is slower in females than in males
C)is greater in African Americans than in Northern Europeans
D)is absolutely uniform throughout the skeleton

Question 10

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons.Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

A)osteocyte
B)osteoclast
C)stem cell
D)osteoblast

Question 11

The process of bones increasing in width is known as .

A)closing of the epiphyseal plate
B)concentric growth
C)long bones reaching adult length and width
D)appositional growth

Question 12

In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early.What might be the cause?

A)osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity
B)too much vitamin D in the diet
C)overproduction of thyroid hormone
D)elevated levels of sex hormones

Question 13

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

A)spongy bone
B)osseous matrix
C)the osteon
D)lamellar bone

Question 14

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of .

A)fat
B)Sharpey's fibers
C)blood- forming cells
D)elastic tissue

Question 15

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

A)estrogen
B)parathyroid hormone
C)thyroxine
D)calcitonin

Question 16

In the epiphyseal plate,cartilage grows .

A)by pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis
B)in a circular fashion
C)from the edges inward
D)by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Question 17

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the .

A)osteoclast
B)chondrocyte
C)osteocyte
D)osteoblast

Question 18

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the _ _.

A)epiphysis
B)articular cartilage
C)metaphysis
D)diaphysis

Question 19

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

A)inadequate calcification of bone
B)decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
C)decreased osteoclast activity
D)increased osteoclast activity

Question 20

For intramembranous ossification to take place,which of the following is necessary?

A)A medullary cavity forms.
B)An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.
C)The cartilage matrix begins to deteriorate.
D)A bone collar forms around the cartilage model.

Question 21

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth?

A)Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes,which divide and form cartilage.
B)Growth occurs in the lining of the long bones.
C)Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage.
D)Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix,allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

Question 22

Blood cell formation is called .

Question 23

Cranial bones develop .

A)within osseous membranes
B)within fibrous membranes
C)from a tendon
D)from cartilage models

Question 24

How can a tooth be moved in a bony socket during orthodontic treatment?

Question 25

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon the Haversian canal)is the site of .

A)blood vessels and nerve fibers
B)osteoclasts and osteoblasts
C)cartilage and interstitial lamellae
D)yellow marrow and spicules

Question 26

growth is growth in the diameter of long bones.

Question 27

A round or oval hole through a bone that contains blood vessels and/or nerves is called an).

Question 28

Wolff's law is concerned with .

A)vertical growth of bones being dependent on age
B)the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts
C)the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
D)the function of bone being dependent on shape

Question 29

What is found in a Haversian canal?

Question 30

A long bone forms by a process known as _ ossification.

Question 31

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood,as well as shaping the articular surfaces?

A)epiphyseal plate
B)Haversian system
C)epiphyseal line
D)lacunae

Question 32

List the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture.

Question 33

The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is .

A)elastic
B)hyaline
C)fibrocartilage
D)epiphyseal

Question 34

are multinucleated cells that destroy bone.

Question 35

The structure of bone tissue suits the function.Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?

A)irregular bone
B)trabecular bone
C)spongy bone
D)compact bone

Question 36

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

A)production of blood cells hematopoiesis)
B)storage of minerals
C)communication
D)support

Question 37

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones.Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

A)prolactin
B)somatomedins
C)growth hormone
D)thyroid hormone

Question 38

Several hormones control the remodeling of bones.Which two respond to changing blood calcium levels?

Question 39

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called .

A)Volkmann's canals
B)perforating Sharpey's)fibers
C)a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage
D)the struts of bone known as spicules

Question 40

is a disease of the bone in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit,leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones.

Question 41

Describe how oxygen is carried from outside a bone to an individual osteocyte.

Question 42

A central Haversian)canal may contain arteries,veins,capillaries,lymph vessels,and
fibers.

Question 43

A bone embedded in a tendon is called an)_ bone.

Question 44

Compare the function of the organic materials in the bone matrix with the function of the inorganic materials in the matrix.

Question 45

How is the beginning of intramembraneous ossification different from endochondral ossification?

Question 46

If your doctor notices a marked decrease in calcium ion levels in your blood,what gland might he suspect is not functioning properly and why?

Question 47

Bones appear to be lifeless structures.Does bone material renew itself?

Question 48

What are the differences between the diaphysis and the epiphyses of long bones?

Question 49

Why are the bones of young children much more flexible than those of the elderly?