Deck 26: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Spermatogenesis _ _.

A)involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes
B)uses mitosis to produce gamete cells
C)is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
D)results in the formation of diploid cells

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system.Which of the following is true about the role they play?

A)They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
B)They contract to allow ejaculation.
C)They are responsible for penile erection.
D)They regulate the temperature of the testes.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true?

A)The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.
B)The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids.
C)Each spermatid forms two sperm.
D)The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The primary function of the uterus is to _.

A)protect the ovaries
B)synthesize female hormones
C)receive,retain,and nourish a fertilized ovum
D)regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles

Question 5

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that .

A)the mature ovum is n,while the sperm is 2n
B)in oogenesis,one mature ovum is produced,and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
C)during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced
D)spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis,but oogenesis involves meiosis only

Question 6

The duct system of the male reproductive system includes the .

A)corpus spongiosum
B)epididymis
C)ductus deferens
D)urethra

Question 7

Which of the choices below is not a part of the brain- testicular axis?

A)testes
B)anterior pituitary gland
C)thalamus
D)hypothalamus

Question 8

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called .

A)interstitial cells
B)sustentacular cells
C)spermatocytes
D)spermatogonia

Question 9

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?

A)stimulates the male pattern of development
B)stimulates mammary gland development
C)contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis
D)stimulates protein synthesis

Question 10

Select the correct statement about testosterone control.

A)Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary.
B)The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the most influence in testosterone control.
C)GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.
D)FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone.

Question 11

Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?

A)maximal LH secretion and menstruation
B)regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion
C)maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation
D)early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus

Question 12

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except .

A)estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle
B)a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation
C)the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation
D)FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium

Question 13

Normally menstruation occurs when _ _.

A)blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
B)blood levels of FSH fall off
C)blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
D)the corpus luteum secretes estrogen

Question 14

Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen?

A)the pituitary
B)the seminal vesicles
C)the bulbourethral glands
D)the prostate

Question 15

The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to .

A)gravity
B)hormonal action
C)peristaltic contractions
D)enzymatic activity

Question 16

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released,but LH is normal.After he grows to maturity,one would expect that he would .

A)have impaired function of interstitial cells
B)not develop secondary sex characteristics
C)be sterile
D)be impotent unable to have an erection)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?

A)All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.
B)Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
C)The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.
D)The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system.

Question 18

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of .

A)parasympathetic nerves
B)the bulbospongiosus muscles
C)luteinizing hormone
D)the dartos muscle

Question 19

Which of the following statements about sperm is not true?

A)They are sluggish in an alkaline environment.
B)They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients.
C)The acrosome is produced by the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes.
D)The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly around the contractile filaments of the tail.

Question 20

If gametes were diploid like somatic cells,how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?

A)triple the diploid number,and with every succeeding generation,the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development would not occur
B)half the diploid number with no change in development
C)twice the diploid number,and with every succeeding generation,the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur
D)There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.

Question 21

An ovulating oocyte is actually activated by hormones about _ days before ovulation.

A)85
B)28
C)110
D)14

Question 22

How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth?

A)They move away from the pelvic cavity.
B)Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum.
C)Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the maturation of sperm.
D)They move close to the pelvic cavity.

Question 23

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?

A)There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the urinary system.
B)Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response by urinary contraction muscles.
C)The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.
D)There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the suppression of LH by testosterone buildup in the blood.

Question 24

Secretion of progesterone stimulates .

A)contraction of uterine muscles
B)development of the female secondary sex characteristics
C)preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
D)secretory activity of the uterine myometrium

Question 25

Characteristics of the mature sperm include the .

A)absence of an acrosome
B)absence of coiled mitochondria
C)presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm
D)presence of two X chromosomes in approximately half the sperm

Question 26

Why is the blood- testis barrier important?

A)because some blood contents are toxic to the spermatozoa
B)because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
C)because immature sperm cells lose their motility when they encounter any blood component
D)Actually,the blood- testis barrier has no function.

Question 27

Human egg and sperm are similar in that .

A)they have the same degree of motility
B)they are about the same size
C)about the same number of each is produced per month
D)they have the same number of chromosomes

Question 28

The testicular cells that construct the blood- testis barrier are the .

A)spermatocytes
B)sustentacular cells
C)spermatogonia
D)interstitial cells

Question 29

Select the correct statement about male sexual response.

A)Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.
B)Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow.
C)Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation,resulting in erection.
D)Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation.

Question 30

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?

A)LH
B)progesterone
C)FSH
D)estrogen

Question 31

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.

A)The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.
B)High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.
C)Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.
D)The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation.

Question 32

Fertilization generally occurs in the .

A)vagina
B)uterus
C)ovary
D)fallopian tubes

Question 33

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone LH)in the normal male adult would cause .

A)decreased testosterone secretion
B)excessive beard growth
C)shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland
D)increased spermatogenesis

Question 34

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?

A)Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.
B)Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms.
C)Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.
D)Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges in males.

Question 35

The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through _ .

A)meiosis
B)mitosis
C)cytokinesis
D)DNA synthesis

Question 36

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?

A)vesicular follicle growth
B)corpus luteum
C)development of endometrial cells
D)late in this phase,cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline

Question 37

Prostate cancer is .

A)the number- one cause of death in men
B)most common in Asians
C)often the result of a distortion of the urethra
D)sometimes a slow- growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient

Question 38

In humans,separation of the cells at the two- cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins,which in this case would be .

A)identical
B)fraternal
C)of different sexes
D)dizygotic

Question 39

Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.

A)During the secretory phase,estrogen levels are at their highest.
B)During the proliferative phase,levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone.
C)If fertilization occurs,the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo.
D)The menstrual phase of the cycle is from day 1 to day 8.

Question 40

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle .

A)progesterone levels are at their highest
B)estrogen reaches its highest levels
C)the Graafian follicle forms
D)LH reaches its highest levels

Question 41

Surgical cutting of the ductus deferens as a form of birth control is called an).

Question 42

Explain the function of the myometrium and endometrium.

Question 43

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte,providing a site for fertilization,are called the .

A)fimbriae
B)infundibula
C)Graafian follicles
D)fallopian tubes

Question 44

Effects of estrogen include .

A)deepening of the voice
B)growth of the breasts at puberty
C)increased oiliness of the skin
D)growth of the larynx

Question 45

Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?

A)inhibin
B)testosterone
C)ACTH
D)ICSH

Question 46

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is .

A)a diet high in fat
B)sexually transmitted infections
C)nondescent of the testes
D)smoking

Question 47

The cells of the testis nourish the newly formed sperm cells.

Question 48

The midpiece of the sperm tail contains mostly .

Question 49

What are some risk factors for developing breast cancer?

Question 50

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?

A)serves as a passageway for menstrual flow
B)is the birth canal
C)receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse
D)serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte

Question 51

Which of the following will occur after ovulation?

A)The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.
B)The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.
C)The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.
D)The endometrium enters its secretory phase.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?

A)Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.
B)Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
C)Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube.
D)The monthly discharge of the uterus menses)is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones.

Question 53

Erection of the penis results from .

A)parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands
B)dilation of the veins in the penis
C)a parasympathetic reflex
D)a sympathetic reflex

Question 54

Spermiogenesis involves the .

A)sequence of events in the rete testis
B)movement of sperm in the female genital tract
C)formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium
D)formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm

Question 55

What is the name given to the female homologue to the penis?

Question 56

What is the purpose of the male bulbourethral gland?

Question 57

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum.One came from an unequal division of the ovum,but from where did the other two arise?

A)There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared.
B)The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
C)One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature.
D)What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg.

Question 58

All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the .

A)development of testes as opposed to ovaries
B)lowering of the voice
C)development of body hair
D)increasing mass of the skeleton

Question 59

The brain- testicular axis .

A)involves posterior pituitary release of regulating hormones
B)involves a positive feedback loop control of spermatogenesis
C)involves FSH and LH release
D)is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of testicular function

Question 60

The small opening of the uterus that sperm would first enter is called the _ _.

Question 61

is caused by Treponema pallidum.

Question 62

What is the physiological importance of the fact that the male testes descend to reside in the scrotal sac?

Question 63

A follicle with only a small antrum in it would be classified as an)follicle.

Question 64

Ovulation occurs when the oocyte is released into the peritoneal cavity.By what means does it usually enter the uterine tube?

Question 65

The suspensory ligament and mesovarium are part of the ligament.

Question 66

Describe the composition and functional roles of semen.

Question 67

The plexus of testicular veins assists in cooling the testis.

Question 68

The portion of the uterine endometrium that is not sloughed off every month is called the
.