Deck 22: The Digestive System

Question 1

Paneth cells .

A)are located next to the lacteal in a villus
B)are absorptive cells in the small intestine
C)are more common in the ileum than in the jejunum
D)secrete enzymes that kill bacteria

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of these is not a component of saliva?

A)lysozyme
B)nitric oxide
C)a cyanide compound
D)defensins

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol,emulsification agents,and phospholipids is .

A)pancreatic juice
B)gastric juice
C)bile
D)intestinal juice

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Select the correct statement about digestive processes.

A)All commonly ingested substances are significantly absorbed by the mucosa of the stomach.
B)Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex.
C)Enterogastrone is a hormone that helps increase gastric motility.
D)Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the stomach for the purpose of starch digestion.

Question 5

How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa?

A)active transport driven directly or indirectly by metabolic energy
B)facilitated diffusion
C)bulk flow
D)simple diffusion

Question 6

Which of the following produce intrinsic factor?

A)enteroendocrine cells
B)mucous neck cells
C)zymogenic cells
D)parietal cells

Question 7

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

A)A
B)C
C)B12
D)K

Question 8

The dental formula for an adult is 2- 1- 2- 3.What does the 1 stand for?

A)incisor tooth
B)premolar tooth
C)canine tooth
D)molar tooth

Question 9

Hepatocytes do not .

A)produce digestive enzymes
B)detoxify
C)store fat- soluble vitamins
D)process nutrients

Question 10

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach.These secretions are stimulated by the presence of .

A)simple carbohydrates and alcohols
B)fatty acids
C)starches and complex carbohydrates
D)protein and peptide fragments

Question 11

Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.

A)Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH below a pH of 2).
B)Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.
C)Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
D)The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.

Question 12

Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?

A)amylase
B)lipase
C)trypsin
D)dextrinase

Question 13

Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It .

A)exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli
B)is longer than the small intestine
C)does not contain villi
D)has haustra

Question 14

Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds?

A)fungiform,circumvallate,and filiform
B)fungiform and circumvallate
C)circumvallate and filiform
D)palatine and circumvallate

Question 15

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

A)This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease,causing digestive upset.
B)Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.
C)The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.
D)Severe indigestion would occur,caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes.

Question 16

Peristaltic waves are .

A)waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
B)pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
C)churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract
D)segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 17

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the .

A)duodenum
B)jejunum
C)pyloric sphincter
D)ileum

Question 18

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining.Which of the following accomplish this task?

A)Brunner's glands
B)the rugae
C)plicae circulares and intestinal villi
D)the vast array of digestive enzymes

Question 19

From the esophagus to the anal canal,the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers.Arrange them in order from the lumen.

A)muscularis externa,serosa,mucosa,and submucosa
B)submucosa,serosa,muscularis externa,and mucosa
C)serosa,mucosa,submucosa,and muscularis externa
D)mucosa,submucosa,muscularis externa,and serosa

Question 20

The solutes contained in saliva include .

A)mucin,lysozyme,electrolytes,salts,and minerals
B)electrolytes,digestive enzyme,mucin,lysozyme,wastes,and IgA
C)only proteases and amylase
D)only salts and minerals

Question 21

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called .

A)lamina propria
B)mesenteries
C)serosal lining
D)mucosal lining

Question 22

Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

A)There are 32 primary teeth,and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are never very strong.
B)There are 27 primary teeth,and the molars are permanent.
C)There are 20 primary teeth,and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
D)There are 24 primary teeth,and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.

Question 23

Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation?

A)celiac artery
B)inferior vena cava
C)hepatic portal vein
D)superior mesenteric artery

Question 24

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?

A)serous cells and mucous cells
B)cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells
C)goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells
D)parietal cells and glial cells

Question 25

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called .

A)hydrolysis
B)denatured
C)diffusion
D)active transport

Question 26

Parietal cells of the stomach produce .

A)rennin
B)hydrochloric acid
C)pepsinogen
D)mucin

Question 27

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme- rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?

A)gastric inhibitor peptide
B)gastrin
C)secretin
D)cholecystokinin

Question 28

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

A)parietal cells
B)serous cells
C)mucous neck cells
D)chief cells

Question 29

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves .

A)secretions from the spleen that contain all enzymes necessary for complete digestion
B)cholecystokinin CCK),an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction
C)bile salts that help emulsify carbohydrates so that they can be easily digested by enzymatic action
D)a significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa

Question 30

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called .

A)digestion
B)absorption
C)secretion
D)ingestion

Question 31

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas,respectively,unite to form the .

A)bile canaliculus
B)pancreatic acini
C)portal vein
D)hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 32

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by .

A)the rubrospinal tracts
B)somatic neurons in the spinal cord
C)the vagus nerve and enteric plexus
D)the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts

Question 33

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the .

A)lamina propria
B)serosa
C)adventitia
D)muscularis mucosae

Question 34

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to .

A)distribute hormones
B)carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
C)collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
D)return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

Question 35

Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?

A)synthesize vitamins C and D
B)synthesize vitamin K and B- complex vitamins
C)absorb bilirubin
D)produce gas

Question 36

What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs?

A)intrinsic factor
B)HCl
C)pepsinogen
D)gastric lipase

Question 37

Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

A)replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells
B)tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells
C)rennin
D)thick coating of bicarbonate- rich mucus

Question 38

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

A)Bile functions to emulsify fats.
B)Bile contains enzymes for digestion.
C)Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.
D)Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn- out RBCs.

Question 39

Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?

A)There are 27 permanent teeth,and the first molars are usually the last to emerge.
B)The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.
C)There are 32 permanent teeth,and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.
D)The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.

Question 40

Chyme is created in the .

A)mouth
B)small intestine
C)esophagus
D)stomach

Question 41

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food,the stomach .

A)is the only place where fats are completely digested
B)is the first site where absorption takes place
C)is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place
D)initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

Question 42

Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the .

A)main pancreatic duct
B)accessory pancreatic duct
C)hepatopancreatic ampulla
D)cystic duct

Question 43

You have just eaten french fries,buttered toast,ice cream,and whole milk.Which of the following glands would be active in helping you to digest this food?

A)the parotid glands
B)the thyroid gland
C)the buccal glands
D)the pancreas

Question 44

There are three phases of gastric secretion.The cephalic phase occurs .

A)when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required
B)at the end of a large meal,and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time
C)before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma,sight,or thought
D)immediately after food enters the stomach,preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients

Question 45

is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D,which acts as a cofactor.

A)Iron
B)Sodium
C)Calcium
D)Phosphorus

Question 46

Pepsinogen,a digestive enzyme,is secreted by the .

A)chief cells of the stomach
B)goblet cells of the small intestine
C)Brunner's glands
D)parietal cells of the duodenum

Question 47

Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?

A)salivary glands
B)esophagus
C)nasal cavity
D)tongue

Question 48

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction,the first layer of tissue to be cut is the .

A)muscularis externa
B)serosa
C)submucosa
D)mucosa

Question 49

The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels,lymphatic nodes,and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the .

A)mucosa
B)muscularis externa
C)submucosa
D)serosa

Question 50

Select the correct statement about absorption.

A)If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium,an immune response may be generated.
B)Eighty percent of ingested materials have been absorbed by the end of the large intestine.
C)Carbohydrates diffuse across the villus epithelium and are then actively transported into blood capillaries.
D)Amino acid transport is linked to chloride transport.

Question 51

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

A)lipids
B)carbohydrates
C)starches
D)proteins

Question 52

The contains lobules with sinusoids lined with macrophages)that lead to a central venous structure.

A)stomach
B)pancreas
C)liver
D)spleen

Question 53

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located .

A)in the pons and medulla
B)in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen
C)in the walls of the tract organs
D)only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to accommodate food passage

Question 54

The lamina propria is composed of .

A)dense irregular connective tissue
B)dense regular connective tissue
C)reticular connective tissue
D)loose connective tissue

Question 55

Which of the following is not true of saliva?

A)cleanses the mouth
B)moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus
C)contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
D)dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

Question 56

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding.On examination,it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily.Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice,his blood probably indicates .

A)alkalosis
B)ketosis
C)acidosis
D)dysphagia

Question 57

Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion?

A)gastric
B)intestinal
C)enterogastric
D)cephalic

Question 58

Short- chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption.Which of the following enzymes is responsible?

A)cholecystokinin
B)rennin
C)lipase
D)pepsin

Question 59

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates.Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?

A)cholecystokinin
B)gastrin
C)amylase
D)trypsin

Question 60

The function of the goblet cells is to .

A)absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use
B)produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
C)provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease- causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food
D)secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral

Question 61

What are chylomicrons?

Question 62

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include .

A)gastrin
B)histamine
C)secretin
D)ACh

Question 63

There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig antibody- mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems.

A)D
B)M
C)E
D)A

Question 64

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids,carbohydrates,and proteins,they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules.This series of reactions is called .

A)mechanical digestion
B)absorption
C)chemical digestion
D)secretion

Question 65

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

A)enamel
B)cementum
C)pulp
D)crown

Question 66

The round ligament is a remnant of the fetal .

Question 67

Compare and contrast the structure and function of a premolar and a molar.

Question 68

peritoneum covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs.

Question 69

____________is another word for vomiting.

Question 70

The longest portion of the small intestine is the .

Question 71

What is heartburn and what causes it?

Question 72

Identify three ways the small intestine is modified to increase the surface area for digestion and absorption.

Question 73

Gastrin,histamine,endorphins,serotonin,cholecystokinin,and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria.Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

A)parietal cells
B)enteroendocrine cells
C)zymogenic cells
D)mucous neck cells

Question 74

Name two regions of the digestive tract where mechanical food breakdown processes are very important.Name two organs that are primarily food conduits.Name the organ where protein digestion is begun.Name the organ where fat digestion begins.

Question 75

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of .

A)mastication
B)fermentation
C)anabolism
D)catabolism

Question 76

What is bile and where is it produced? What is its digestive function? Where is it stored and concentrated?

Question 77

Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption.

A)Chlorine ion absorption is coupled to glucose and amino acid transport.
B)If vitamin B is not present,calcium is not absorbed.
C)Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum.
D)Potassium moves across the epithelium by active transport.

Question 78

Important peritoneal folds do not include the .

A)peritoneum
B)mesentery
C)round ligament
D)omenta

Question 79

How is digestive activity provoked after eating? What activates the secretion of digestive juices into the lumen or hormones into the blood?

Question 80

How is salivation controlled?