Deck 18: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

Question 1

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

A)right ventricle,pulmonary artery,and left atrium
B)superior vena cava,right atrium,and left ventricle
C)left ventricle,aorta,and inferior vena cava
D)right atrium,aorta,and left ventricle

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood,does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?

A)not necessarily
B)yes
C)no

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Blood flow to the skin _ .

A)increases when environmental temperature rises
B)is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells
C)is controlled mainly by decreasing pH
D)increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the .

A)elastic arteries
B)capillaries
C)muscular arteries
D)arterioles

Question 5

Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include .

A)chemical controls such as atrial natriuretic peptide
B)renal regulation via the renin- angiotensin system of vasoconstriction
C)nervous control that operates via reflex arcs involving baroreceptors,chemoreceptors,and higher brain centers
D)the dural sinus reflex

Question 6

Fenestrated capillaries .

A)are not found in the brain
B)do not occur in the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys
C)are not common in endocrine organs and in areas where capillary absorption is an important function
D)are not more permeable than continuous capillaries

Question 7

Select the correct statement about blood flow.

A)It is measured in mm Hg.
B)It is greatest where resistance is highest.
C)It is relatively constant through all body organs.
D)Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.

Question 8

The velocity of blood flow is .

A)slowest in the capillaries because the total cross- sectional area is the greatest
B)slower in the arteries than in capillaries because arteries possess a relatively large diameter
C)slower in the veins than in the capillaries because veins have a large diameter
D)in direct proportion to the total cross- sectional area of the blood vessels

Question 9

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called .

A)hepatic portal circulation
B)cerebral circulation
C)pulmonary circulation
D)coronary circulation

Question 10

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

A)angiotensin II
B)ADH
C)atrial natriuretic peptide
D)nitric acid

Question 11

The pulse pressure is .

A)systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure
B)systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure
C)systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
D)diastolic pressure plus 1/3 systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)

Question 12

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of .

A)capillaries
B)arteries
C)arterioles
D)veins

Question 13

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

A)tunica media
B)tunica intima
C)basement membrane
D)tunica externa

Question 14

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

A)Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.
B)The skin will be cold and clammy.
C)Blood flow to the kidneys increases.
D)Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs.

Question 15

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

A)They distribute blood to various parts of the body.
B)Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells.
C)The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.
D)They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue.

Question 16

Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called _ .

A)anastomoses
B)sinuses
C)sinusoids
D)thoroughfare channels

Question 17

Which of the following would not result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?

A)a local increase in histamine
B)an increase in local tissue carbon dioxide
C)a local increase in pH
D)a decrease in local tissue oxygen content

Question 18

Which of the following processes provides a long- term response to changes in blood pressure?

A)neural controls
B)chemoreceptor- initiated reflexes
C)baroreceptor- initiated reflexes
D)renal regulation

Question 19

Factors that aid venous return include all except .

A)activity of skeletal muscles
B)venous valves
C)pressure changes in the thorax
D)urinary output

Question 20

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?

A)kidney
B)liver
C)lungs
D)heart

Question 21

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

A)rapidly falling blood pressure
B)cold,clammy skin
C)increased heart rate
D)rapid,thready pulse

Question 22

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?

A)cardiogenic,which results from any defect in blood vessels
B)hypovolemic,caused by increased blood volume
C)circulatory,where blood volume is normal and constant
D)vascular,due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone

Question 23

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called .

A)venules
B)elastic arteries
C)arterioles
D)muscular arteries

Question 24

Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?

A)absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract
B)blood clotting
C)delivery of oxygen and nutrients to,and removal of wastes from,tissue cells
D)gas exchange in the lungs

Question 25

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

A)Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.
B)An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure,due to the increased delivery.
C)Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure,due to diversion of blood to essential areas.
D)Excess protein production would decrease blood pressure.

Question 26

Histologically,the is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

A)tunica externa
B)tunica intima
C)tunica adventitia
D)tunica media

Question 27

Which of the following is true about veins?

A)Veins have a small lumen in relation to the thickness of the vessel wall.
B)Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.
C)Up to 35% of total body blood is in venous circulation at any given time.
D)Venous valves are formed from the tunica media.

Question 28

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg.This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except .

A)increased damage to blood vessel endothelium
B)increased work of the left ventricle
C)increased incidence of coronary artery disease
D)decreased size of the heart muscle

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

A)blood volume
B)emotional state
C)peripheral resistance
D)cardiac output

Question 30

Arteriole blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?

A)increasing stroke volume
B)falling blood volume
C)rising blood volume
D)increasing heart rate
E)all of these

Question 31

Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?

A)the vessel selected to palpate
B)emotions
C)postural changes
D)activity

Question 32

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is .

A)significant because resistance is directly proportional to the blood vessel diameter
B)insignificant because vessel diameter does not vary
C)the only factor that influences resistance
D)significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

Question 33

The short- term controls of blood pressure,mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals,primarily operate via all but which of the following?

A)reflex arcs associated with vasomotor fibers
B)altering blood volume
C)chemoreceptors
D)reflex arcs involving baroreceptors

Question 34

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is _.

A)any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally
B)shock that results from large- scale loss of blood volume,or after severe vomiting or diarrhea
C)the form of shock caused by anaphylaxis
D)always fatal

Question 35

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by _.

A)intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms
B)skin temperature
C)ADH
D)the hypothalamic "thermostat"

Question 36

Secondary hypertension can be caused by .

A)stress
B)smoking
C)obesity
D)arteriosclerosis

Question 37

Which statement best describes arteries?

A)All carry blood away from the heart.
B)All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
C)Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.
D)All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 38

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

A)170/96 in a 50- year- old man
B)120/80 in a 30- year- old man
C)140/90 in a 70- year- old woman
D)110/60 in a 20- year- old woman

Question 39

In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries,hydrostatic pressure .

A)is the same as capillary blood pressure
B)generally forces fluid from the interstitial space into the capillaries
C)and osmotic pressure are the same
D)is completely canceled out by osmotic pressure

Question 40

Brain blood flow autoregulation .

A)is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist
B)is less sensitive to pH than to a decreased oxygen level
C)is controlled by cardiac centers in the pons
D)causes constriction of cerebral blood vessels in response to a drop in systemic blood pressure

Question 41

The most common form of shock is .

Question 42

Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation.What is the mechanism of regulation?

Question 43

Peripheral resistance .

A)increases as blood vessel diameter increases
B)increases as blood viscosity increases
C)is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals
D)decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel

Question 44

Which of the choices below reflects the balance or imbalance)between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

A)blood volume and viscosity
B)hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
C)hydrostatic pressure only
D)plasma and formed element concentration

Question 45

Arterial provide alternate pathways for blood to get to an organ.

Question 46

The hepatic portal vein _ .

A)carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava
B)carries nutrient- rich blood to the liver
C)is actually an artery
D)carries oxygen- rich blood from the liver to the viscera

Question 47

Based on what we have learned about the regulation of blood flow to various organs,do you think it is wiser to rest or exercise after a heavy meal? Explain your answer.

Question 48

Consider the diameter of one 4- mm blood vessel and two 2- mm blood vessels.Would the two 2- mm vessels carry more,less,or the same amount of fluid,given that pressure is a constant? Why?

Question 49

pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.

Question 50

The third major branch of the aortic arch is the artery.

Question 51

The first major branch of the aortic arch is the branch.

Question 52

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

A)an increase in oxygen levels
B)changes in arterial pressure
C)a decrease in oxygen levels
D)a decrease in carbon dioxide

Question 53

A family of peptides called are released by the endothelium and are among the most potent vasoconstrictors known.

Question 54

Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?

A)Capillaries are fragile and high pressures would rupture them.
B)Low blood pressure is more desirable than high blood pressure.
C)Most capillaries are extremely permeable and thus even low pressures force solute- containing fluid out of the bloodstream.

Question 55

As a blood pressure cuff is deflated on the arm,sounds of can be heard.

Question 56

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?

A)basement membrane
B)tunica media
C)tunica externa
D)tunica intima

Question 57

Aldosterone will _ _.

A)decrease sodium reabsorption
B)promote a decrease in blood volume
C)promote an increase in blood pressure
D)result in a larger output of urine

Question 58

The in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect increases in blood pressure.

Question 59

shock is due to abnormal expansion of blood vessels and a rapid drop in blood pressure.

Question 60

Which type of blood vessels contain valves and what is their function?

Question 61

The supply the brain with blood.

Question 62

The mesenteric arteries branch off the abdominal aorta,but the mesenteric veins do not connect directly to the vena cava.Why?

Question 63

The abdominal aorta divides into three arteries at its terminus; what are they?

Question 64

The lowest venous blood pressure is found in the .