Deck 10: The Muscular System

Question 1

If L = load,F = fulcrum,and E = effort,what type of lever system is described as LEF?

A)fourth- class lever
B)first- class lever
C)third- class lever
D)second- class lever

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What muscle is responsible for keeping your toes from dragging when walking?

A)extensor hallucis longus
B)extensor digitorum
C)tibialis anterior
D)fibularis tertius

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon?

A)the gastrocnemius
B)the tibialis anterior
C)the semitendinosus
D)the sartorius

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What do the genioglossus,hyoglossus,and styloglossus muscles have in common?

A)All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.
B)Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
C)All act on the tongue.
D)All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.

Question 5

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine.What is its action?

A)to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major
B)to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction
C)to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi
D)to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally

Question 6

First- class levers .

A)in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage,depending on specific location
B)have load at one end of the lever,fulcrum at the other,and effort applied somewhere in the middle
C)are the type found in the joints forming the ball of the foot as used in raising the body on the toes
D)are typified by tweezers or forceps

Question 7

Which of the following does not compress the abdomen?

A)transversus abdominis
B)coccygeus
C)external oblique
D)internal oblique

Question 8

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling.What is this muscle called?

A)masseter
B)buccinator
C)zygomaticus
D)platysma

Question 9

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?

A)a first- class lever
B)a second- class lever
C)a third- class lever
D)a fourth- class lever

Question 10

In a pennate muscle pattern .

A)there is a narrow origin diverging to a broad insertion
B)there is a broad origin and fascicles converge toward a single tendon
C)muscles look like a feather
D)muscles appear to be straplike

Question 11

What are the muscles that are found at openings of the body collectively called?

A)convergent muscles
B)parallel muscles
C)divergent muscles
D)circular muscles

Question 12

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

A)soleus
B)iliopsoas and rectus femoris
C)biceps
D)vastus medialis

Question 13

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?

A)The bones serve as levers.
B)Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones.
C)During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.
D)The movements produced may be of graded intensity.

Question 14

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?

A)They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.
B)They are often called strap muscles.
C)They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.
D)They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.

Question 15

Adductor magnus,adductor longus,and adductor brevis are parts of a large muscle mass of the .

A)anterior compartment of the thigh
B)lateral rotators
C)posterior muscle group of the thigh
D)medial compartment of the thigh

Question 16

Which of the following describes fascicle arrangement in a pennate muscle?

A)The fascicular pattern is circular.
B)The fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle.
C)The fascicles are in a fusiform arrangement.
D)The fascicles form a triangle.

Question 17

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?

A)popliteus
B)flexor digitorum longus
C)gastrocnemius and soleus
D)tibialis posterior

Question 18

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck?

A)the splenius
B)the spinalis
C)the scalenes
D)the iliocostalis

Question 19

What is the major factor controlling how levers work? 4)

A)the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
B)the direction the load is being moved
C)the weight of the load
D)the difference in the positioning of the effort,load,and fulcrum

Question 20

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

A)extensor digitorum longus
B)peroneus tertius
C)peroneus longus
D)tibialis anterior

Question 21

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

A)an agonist
B)an antagonist
C)a fixator
D)a synergist

Question 22

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site,particularly in infants?

A)rectus femoris
B)the vastus intermedius
C)the vastus lateralis
D)the vastus medialis

Question 23

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle.What does the term levator mean?

A)The muscle functions as a synergist.
B)The muscle flexes and rotates a region.
C)The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.
D)The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint.

Question 24

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?

A)muscle shape
B)the type of muscle fibers
C)muscle location
D)the type of action they cause

Question 25

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

A)speed levers
B)functional levers
C)power levers
D)dysfunctional levers

Question 26

Which muscles is are)contracted to exhale forcibly?

A)diaphragm alone
B)rectus abdominis and diaphragm
C)internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
D)external intercostals and diaphragm

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body?

A)There are approximately 350 muscles in the body.
B)There are approximately the same number of muscles as bones: 206.
C)There are over 600 muscles in the body.
D)If one considers the very tiny,insignificant muscles,there are over 1000 muscles in the body.

Question 28

A cute,little curly- haired child is sitting behind you in church.You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you.Which tongue muscle did she use?

A)stylohyoid
B)orbicularis oris
C)hyoglossus
D)genioglossus

Question 29

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position?

A)the quadriceps femoris
B)the sartorius
C)the gastrocnemius
D)all of the hamstrings

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?.

A)It closes,purses,and protrudes the lips.
B)It pulls the lower lip down and back.
C)It allows blinking,squinting,and various other protective mechanisms for the eye.
D)It draws the eyebrows together.

Question 31

The extensor carpi radialis brevis .

A)supinates the forearm and is a superficial muscle
B)extends and abducts the wrist and is short
C)extends the thumb and is a deep muscle
D)extends and adducts the wrist and has a small tendon

Question 32

Which of the choices below is the major muscle for breathing?

A)temporalis
B)diaphragm
C)rectus abdominis
D)latissimus dorsi

Question 33

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis.

A)sternocleidomastoid
B)serratus anterior
C)zygomaticus
D)platysma

Question 34

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

A)soleus
B)gluteal muscles
C)brachioradialis
D)hamstring muscles

Question 35

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm forearm)that swings the racquet.What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

A)the flexor digitorum profundus
B)the brachioradialis
C)the anconeus
D)the triceps brachii

Question 36

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

A)the zygomaticus major
B)the frontal belly of the epicranius
C)the medial pterygoid
D)the temporalis

Question 37

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

A)the total number of muscle cells available for contraction
B)the length
C)the shape
D)the number of neurons innervating it

Question 38

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage,it means that the .

A)load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end
B)lever system is useless
C)load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
D)effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum

Question 39

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?

A)gluteus maximus
B)adductor magnus
C)vastus lateralis
D)tibialis posterior

Question 40

When the term biceps,triceps,or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name,what does it tell you about the muscle?

A)The muscle has two,three,or four functions,respectively.
B)The muscle has two,three,or four insertions,respectively.
C)The muscle is able to change direction twice,three times,or four times faster than other muscles,respectively.
D)The muscle has two,three,or four origins,respectively.

Question 41

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the .

Question 42

Which muscle is used for normal breathing and which additional muscles are used when performing strenuous exercise?

Question 43

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

A)an agonist
B)a synergist
C)an antagonist
D)a prime mover

Question 44

Damage to the ischiocavernosus muscle would have what effect?

Question 45

The is the main chewing muscle.

Question 46

The is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends,medially rotates,and adducts the humerus.

Question 47

What muscles are involved in biting and chewing an apple?

Question 48

A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is an).

A)protagonist
B)fixator
C)synergist
D)antagonist

Question 49

A woman mentions to her friend that another person on the beach has "great abs." What is she talking about?

Question 50

is a powerful forearm extensor.

Question 51

The is known as the boxer muscle.

Question 52

How does an antagonist differ from a prime mover? How is it the same?

Question 53

Muscles that act as synergists seem to have valuable functions,especially in stabilizing joints.Briefly explain their function.

Question 54

A wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys pulled a hamstring muscle.What muscles could be affected and what would the effect be?

Question 55

The helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

Question 56

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a .

Question 57

Bodybuilders are known for their "great quads." Describe the quadriceps muscles.

Question 58

An elderly woman,with extensive osteoarthritis of her left hip joint,entered the hospital to have a total hip joint replacement prosthesis implantation).After surgery,her left hip had to be maintained in adduction to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis while healing was occurring.Physical therapy was prescribed to prevent atrophy of the gluteal muscles during the interval of disuse.Name the gluteal muscles and describe the action of each that was being prevented while the hip was adducted.

Question 59

The_________ extends the great toe.

Question 60

What are the components of a lever system? Describe the role of each component.

Question 61

How can a lever system work at a disadvantage but still be of use to us?

Question 62

The runs deep to the external oblique.

Question 63

The draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.