Deck 8: Vitamins

Question 1

A medical researcher has isolated a chemical from cigarette smoke.When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells,the chemical damages unsaturated fatty acids in the cells' plasma membranes.He is able to prevent this damage by adding vitamin E to the mixture of the chemical and cells.Based on this information,the scientist has _________.

A)determined that the chemical in cigarette smoke is an oxidizing agent
B)discovered a vitamin-based cure for lung cancer
C)conducted an in vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions
D)identified vitamin E as a prooxidant

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer.He should ________.

A)reduce his coffee intake
B)drink less water
C)avoid drinking alcohol
D)reduce his fiber intake

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins D and E
B)Niacin and thiamin
C)Pantothenic acid and vitamin A
D)Vitamins B-12 and B-6

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins K,D,and E
B)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
C)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
D)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.
B)The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.
C)The body stores vitamins in the liver,spleen,and bones.
D)Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body.

Question 6

____ cancer causes the most cancer-related deaths among American men and women.

A)Lung
B)Pancreatic
C)Liver
D)Bladder

Question 7

A medical researcher is investigating the chemical and physical properties of substance that she isolated from the surface of charcoal-grilled meat.When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells,the chemical causes the rapid breakdown of the cells' plasma membranes.She is able to prevent this reaction by adding vitamin C to the mixture of the substance chemical and cells.Based on this information,the scientist has _________.

A)isolated a potential treatment for cancer in charcoal-grilled meat
B)discovered that vitamin C is has pro-oxidant activity during in vivo experiments
C)conducted an in vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions
D)determined that the chemical isolated from charcoal-grilled meat is an oxidizing agent

Question 8

The body can store large amounts of _________.

A)vitamin B-12
B)vitamin C
C)thiamin
D)riboflavin

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity?

A)E
B)B-6
C)D
D)K

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered.
B)Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans.
C)The first vitamin was discovered in 1960.
D)Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat.

Question 11

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

A)antioxidant
B)ion
C)oncogene
D)enzyme

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?

A)Compared to protein,the body requires vitamins in larger quantities.
B)Excesses can be converted to glucose for energy.
C)They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat.
D)Chemically,they are the same as minerals.

Question 13

Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among American men and women?

A)Prostate
B)Lung
C)Liver
D)Breast

Question 14

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

A)Antidotes
B)Phosphates
C)Oxidizing agents
D)Antioxidants

Question 15

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.
B)The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.
C)In general,water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.
D)In general,excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Question 16

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins K,E,and D
B)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
D)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin

Question 17

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Pantothenic acid,vitamin C,and thiamin
B)Vitamin D,A,and E
C)Thiamin,vitamin K,and niacin
D)Vitamin A,riboflavin,and vitamin C

Question 18

A researcher has isolated an organic,water-soluble chemical from roses.After performing in-vivo tests,the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells,but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors.Based on this information,the researcher may have discovered a(an)_________.

A)precursor
B)antioxidant
C)autoanalyzing agent
D)amino acid

Question 19

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins K,D,and A
B)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin E,and choline
D)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Scientists are conducting research on plants to discover more vitamins that are essential for human beings.
B)Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans.
C)Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat.
D)People can survive for years by only consuming formula diets that contain all known vitamins.

Question 21

_____ is added to refined cornmeal during the grain enrichment process.

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Vitamin D
C)Choline
D)Thiamin

Question 22

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

A)Lecithin
B)Alpha-tocopherol
C)Acetyl-CoA
D)Beta-carotene

Question 23

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteri A.

A)riboflavin
B)vitamin A
C)thiamin
D)vitamin K

Question 24

When cooking green beans,Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water,because it keeps the color of the beans from turning olive green.As a result of this practice,Lenny's green beans have _____ than green beans cooked in plain water.

A)more essential amino acids
B)fewer kilocalories
C)less vitamin C
D)greater fatty acid content

Question 25

The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteri A.

A)riboflavin
B)biotin
C)beta-carotene
D)vitamin C

Question 26

_____ is added to refined cereal grains during the grain enrichment process.

A)Niacin
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin B-6
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Vitamin A is necessary for calcium and phosphorus absorption.
B)Retinol is found only in plant foods.
C)Certain carotenoids are precursors for preformed vitamin

A) D.In children,vitamin A deficiency is called rickets.

Question 28

Sonya has a chronic illness,and to treat the condition,she takes an antibiotic every day.Despite her illness,Sonya's diet is nutritionally adequate,and she exercises regularly.Based on this information,Sonya may need to _________.

A)take a dietary supplement that contains biotin
B)eat more vitamin-C rich foods
C)reduce her protein intake
D)consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids

Question 29

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)Stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B)Boiling in a saucepan of water
C)Steaming in a vegetable steamer
D)Microwaving in little or no water

Question 30

Barry is a vegan.His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A,and he does not take any vitamin A supplements.Nevertheless,his body has adequate vitamin A stores.Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?
A)He consumes foods that supply tryptophan,which his liver converts to preformed vitamin
A)

A) B.His fat cells synthesize preformed vitamin A from essential fatty acids.
C)He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene.
D)His body does not require sources of vitamin

Question 31

Which of the following foods is a good dietary source of beta-carotene?

A)Hamburger
B)Broccoli
C)Salmon
D)Bread

Question 32

_____ is added to refined rice during the grain enrichment process.

A)Pantothenic acid
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin B-6
D)Riboflavin

Question 33

Deep yellow,dark green and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________.

A)vitamin D
B)gelatin
C)essential amino acids
D)beta-carotene

Question 34

Which of the following vitamins is not added to refined grains as part of the grain enrichment process?

A)Niacin
B)Folic acid
C)Thiamin
D)Vitamin B-6

Question 35

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

A)water
B)wine
C)butter
D)sugar

Question 36

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?

A)Peach,1 medium,raw
B)Bacon,1 strip,cooked
C)Chicken,1 ounce,cooked,no skin
D)Pear,1 medium,raw

Question 37

Damon has a chronic illness,and to treat the condition,he takes an antibiotic every day.Despite his illness,Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate,and he exercises regularly.Based on this information,Damon may need to _________.

A)eat more vitamin-C rich foods
B)reduce his protein intake
C)take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K
D)consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids

Question 38

_____ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.

A)Retinol
B)Lutein
C)Beta-carotene
D)Alpha-tocopherol

Question 39

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?

A)Plain yogurt,1/2 cup
B)Bacon,1 strip,cooked
C)Pear,1 medium,raw
D)Mango,1 medium,raw

Question 40

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,________.

A)peel vegetables and cut into small pieces before cooking in water
B)store in warm conditions,and expose to sunlight and air
C)cook slowly in large amounts of water
D)stir-fry instead of boil

Question 41

In underdeveloped countries,severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of _________.

A)blindness
B)diabetes mellitus
C)beriberi
D)megaloblastic anemia

Question 42

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

A)Dark orange and yellow vegetables
B)Fresh fruit
C)Whole-grain breads and cereals
D)Fatty fish

Question 43

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

A)Thiamin
B)C
C)D
D)B-12

Question 44

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

A)B-6
B)A
C)K
D)B-12

Question 45

On sunny days,Juan spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors,because he knows sunlight helps his body make _________.

A)choline
B)vitamin D
C)copper
D)glucose

Question 46

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen,when consumed in excess?

A)Vitamin C
B)Choline
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Vitamin A

Question 47

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in _________.

A)No particular health problems,because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine
B)increased blood clot formation
C)megaloblastic anemia
D)deposition of calcium in soft tissues

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
B)Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children.
C)Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults.
D)Vitamin D is necessary for proper collagen formation.

Question 49

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________.

A)magnesium and iodine
B)sodium and potassium
C)iron and copper
D)phosphorus and calcium

Question 50

Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion?

A)Glucagon
B)Insulin
C)Parathyroid hormone
D)Antidiuretic hormone

Question 51

Which of the following substances is a rich source of vitamin D?

A)Cod liver oil
B)Fresh lime juice
C)Tryptophan
D)Collagen

Question 52

Matt is a vegan.As a result of his diet,he consumes no sources of preformed vitamin
A) D.Matt eats plenty of vitamin B-enriched cereal products.

A)Which of the following statements explains why he has not developed a deficiency of vitamin A? A.Matt's diet contain high amounts of tryptophan.
B)Matt's diet supplies high amounts of beta-carotene.
C)Matt's diet is rich in vitamin C,which reduces his need for vitamin

Question 53

Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry.He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors.He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance.His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread,peanut butter,chicken,pork,apples,bananas,and green vegetables.Based on this information,Issac has a high risk of _________.

A)scurvy
B)rickets
C)beriberi
D)pellagra

Question 54

Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A?

A)Liver
B)Carrots
C)Soybeans
D)Apples

Question 55

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty.She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils.Her usual diet is comprised of legumes,small amounts of yogurt,whole-grain breads and rice,fruits,and a few vegetables.Based on this information,Jameela is most at risk of _________.

A)pellagra
B)scurvy
C)beriberi
D)osteomalacia

Question 56

In the body,vitamin A helps _________.

A)the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus
B)insulin enter cells
C)maintain epithelial cells
D)reduce collagen synthesis

Question 57

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

A)Processed luncheon meats
B)Fresh fruits
C)Fortified dairy products
D)Refined breads and cereals

Question 58

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________.

A)night blindness
B)swollen tongue
C)headaches
D)hair loss

Question 59

Gina is pregnant.Although Gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily,Gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins,so she took several other dietary supplements,including those that contained vitamin

A)As a result,her total intake of vitamin A was over 5000 mcg RAE/day.Based on this information,Gina is at risk of _________. A.giving birth to a baby with birth defects
B)developing gestational diabetes mellitus
C)developing vitamin C-resistant scurvy
D)giving birth to a baby with cystic fibrosis

Question 60

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?

A)C
B)Niacin
C)Riboflavin
D)D

Question 61

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.

A)vitamin D
B)niacin
C)riboflavin
D)thiamin

Question 62

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

A)Bread made from enriched wheat flour
B)Milk
C)Cheddar cheese
D)Corn oil

Question 63

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)Butter
B)Processed poultry products
C)Green leafy vegetables
D)Citrus fruit

Question 64

Which of the following vitamins plays a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Riboflavin
B)Vitamin K
C)Vitamin A
D)Vitamin C

Question 65

Cooper eats a lot of refined grain products that have not been enriched with nutrients.He likes to eat fresh fruit,cabbage,and corn; but he avoids pork,beef,poultry,chicken,eggs,and dairy foods.Recently,he has been feeling tired,and his muscles are not as strong as they used to be.The skin of his face and neck has red and scaly patches.For the past couple of days,he has had bouts of diarrhe A.Based on this information,Cooper probably is suffering from _________.

A)pernicious anemia
B)pellagra
C)scurvy
D)xerophthalmia

Question 66

Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin?

A)Pork chops
B)Bread made from enriched wheat flour
C)Wheat germ
D)Whole milk

Question 67

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin K
C)Ascorbic acid
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 68

The liver needs _____ to make certain blood clotting factors.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin K
C)homocysteine
D)riboflavin

Question 69

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

A)Whole grains
B)Ground beef
C)Sunflower seeds
D)Safflower oil

Question 70

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)Ground beef
B)Soybean oil
C)Bread made from refined wheat flour
D)Orange juice

Question 71

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Folate
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 72

In the United States,newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

A)thiamin; beriberi
B)vitamin C; collagen breakdown
C)vitamin K; bleeding
D)niacin; pellagra

Question 73

The liver needs vitamin K to _________.

A)store glycogen
B)process calcium
C)synthesize prothrombin
D)metabolize alcohol

Question 74

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Niacin
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Vitamin B-12
D)Thiamin

Question 75

The human body needs vitamin K to _________.

A)absorb phosphorus from foods
B)release the energy stored in glucose
C)synthesize DNA
D)form active blood clotting factors

Question 76

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year-old daughter and several of the child's friends.She plans to serve cake,ice cream,and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon.To conserve vitamins in the milk,Libby should _________.

A)add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it
B)heat the milk to the boiling point,and let it cool before serving it
C)store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time
D)serve the milk in a clear glass container

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Megadoses of vitamin E are associated with bone pain,general weakness,and death.
B)Premature infants are at risk of vitamin E deficiency.
C)According to scientific research,75% of Americans consume diets that supply excessive amounts of vitamin
E) D.Technically,vitamin E is not a vitamin because the body can make the nutrient.

Question 78

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin K?

A)Whole egg
B)Banana
C)Spinach
D)Lean pork

Question 79

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

A)D
B)K
C)B-12
D)E

Question 80

In general,B vitamins function as _________.

A)structural components of body cells
B)parts of coenzymes
C)neurotransmitters
D)hormones