Deck 9: Water and Minerals

Question 1

Extracellular water ________.

A)is within cells
B)includes plasma and tissue fluid
C)is within the nucleus and DNA
D)provides cellular energy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)hydride and bromide
B)sodium and chloride
C)iodide and sulfide
D)nitrogen and potassium

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the human body,water is involved in ________.

A)making mineral nutrients
B)protecting DNA from oxidizing agents
C)providing energy for physical activities
D)regulating body temperature

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral,one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Possible essential mineral
B)Trace mineral
C)Nonessential mineral
D)Major mineral

Question 5

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)sodium
B)iodide
C)hydride
D)nitrogen

Question 6

In the human body,water is involved in ________.

A)protecting cell membranes from oxidants
B)storing wastes
C)regulating energy metabolism
D)digesting foods

Question 7

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)hydride and iodide
B)potassium and phosphate
C)oxide and nitride
D)sulfide and bromide

Question 8

Intracellular water ________.

A)is within cells
B)includes the plasma of blood
C)normally contains high amounts of sodium
D)surrounds cells

Question 9

If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions,________.

A)extracellular fluid moves into cells
B)sodium ions move into cells
C)excess zinc and fluoride ions are eliminated in feces
D)cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink

Question 10

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Nonessential mineral
B)Possible essential mineral
C)Trace mineral
D)Major mineral

Question 11

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 85 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Possible essential mineral
B)Nonessential mineral
C)Trace mineral
D)Major mineral

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Most people can tolerate hyperthermi

A)
B)Human cells maintain proper hydration primarily by controlling ions in fluid compartments.
C)Humans rely primarily on panting to dissipate excess body heat.
D)Iron ions are crucial for maintaining cellular fluid balance.

Question 13

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's ________.

A)blood glucose level rises too quickly
B)metabolic rate is too slow
C)temperature is too high
D)calcium content increases

Question 14

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

A)The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body.
B)After bones are formed early in life,the body has no need for calcium.
C)A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later.
D)Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones.

Question 15

In the human body,water is involved in ________.

A)transporting substances
B)alcohol digestion
C)providing energy to fuel cellular activity
D)protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage

Question 16

When the concentration of _____ in tissue fluid is too high,intracellular fluid moves into the extracellular fluid compartment.

A)sodium ions
B)cesium particles
C)soluble fibers
D)immature osteoblasts

Question 17

Which of the following statements about bottled water in the United States is true?
A)The government requires manufacturers of bottled water to follow safety standards that are more strict than the standards for tap water from public water supplies.
B)The production of bottled water must follow regulations established by the EPA and CDC.
C)In the United States,all bottled water must be certified as being safe and from a natural source by the FD

A)
D)Bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingredients,except an agent that prevents the growth of microbes.

Question 18

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)oxygen
B)hydride
C)citrate
D)potassium

Question 19

Maris has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status.Her body has difficulty removing excess sodium ions from intracellular fluid.As a result of this condition,________.

A)extracellular fluid moves into her cells,causing them to swell
B)her cells die from a lack of intracellular fluid
C)she develops ketosis
D)excess calcium and magnesium ions enter her bloodstream by osmosis

Question 20

Dehydration can cause ________.

A)cirrhosis
B)hypoglycemia
C)diabetes
D)death

Question 21

Which of the following substances is a diuretic?

A)Calcium
B)Iron
C)Caffeine
D)Phenylalanine

Question 22

The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg,for young men and women,respectively.Based on this information,iron is a ____ mineral.

A)major
B)possible essential
C)trace
D)conditionally essential

Question 23

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)Corn oil
B)Leaf lettuce
C)Whole-wheat bread
D)Stick margarine

Question 24

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)Whole-wheat bread
B)Peach
C)Safflower oil
D)Crackers,saltine

Question 25

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?

A)Whole-wheat bread
B)Leaf lettuce
C)Apple with skin
D)Corn oil

Question 26

Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance?

A)Aldosterone
B)Insulin
C)Glucagon
D)Pepsin

Question 27

The body eliminates excess water through the ________.

A)lymphatic system
B)adrenal glands
C)spleen
D)skin

Question 28

Which of the following substances is a diuretic?

A)Calcium
B)Salt
C)Iron
D)Alcohol

Question 29

The body eliminates water through the ________.

A)thyroid gland
B)liver
C)lungs
D)lymphatic system

Question 30

Yesterday,Jenny ran in a marathon race.While she ran,she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course.Near the end of the race,she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line.She was confused,and she complained of feeling sleepy and having nause A.Based on this information,Jenny was probably suffering from ________.

A)heat cramps
B)kidney failure
C)water intoxication
D)brain cancer

Question 31

Which of the following organs is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance?

A)Kidney
B)Skin
C)Thyroid gland
D)Lung

Question 32

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary ________.

A)sodium elimination
B)water conservation
C)iron metabolism
D)water excretion

Question 33

While Aaron was at a party,he drank too much alcohol.The following morning,he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry.Based on this information,Aaron was ________.

A)suffering from ion overload syndrome,which often occurs after excess alcohol ingestion
B)being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol
C)experiencing the effects of delayed ethanol metabolism disorder
D)displaying the typical signs and symptoms of alcohol spectrum disease

Question 34

The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of _____ perspiration.

A)hydrostatic
B)perceptible
C)insensible
D)homeostatic

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Older adults can sense thirst more effectively than young adults.
B)Most healthy young people can use thirst as a guide to knowing when to drink water.
C)While engaging in physical activities,healthy people should consume plenty of water frequently because they are not likely to develop water intoxication.
D)Drinking lite beer or wine after exercising is an effective way to replace body fluids quickly.

Question 36

After running in a marathon race in July,Joshua felt weak and his body weight was about 3% less than before the race.Based on this information,Joshua was probably suffering from ________.

A)liver failure
B)cystic fibrosis
C)brain cancer
D)dehydration

Question 37

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)Stick margarine
B)Tomato
C)Avocado
D)Baked white potato in skin

Question 38

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

A)salivary glands
B)parathyroid glands
C)kidneys
D)ovaries

Question 39

According to Adequate Intake recommendations,the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day.

A)4 to 6.5
B)11 to 15.5
C)22 to 25.5
D)18 to 20.5

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true?

A)In general,fruits and vegetables are less than 25% water by weight.
B)Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces.
C)Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake.
D)Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism.

Question 41

Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily,mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements.He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements,and he eats very few fruits,vegetables,dairy products,and grains.Based on this information,Foster's diet lacks ________.

A)iron
B)potassium
C)zinc
D)calcium

Question 42

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

A)Cesium
B)Aluminum
C)Calcium
D)Selenium

Question 43

Jade is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis.To help reduce her risk of this condition,Jade should ________.

A)avoid smoking cigarettes
B)reduce her physical activity level
C)avoid foods such as kale and frozen yogurt
D)consume more iron-rich foods

Question 44

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

A)Calcium
B)Phosphorus
C)Potassium
D)Zinc

Question 45

Monique would like to perform exercises that increase her bone mass.To help achieve this goal,which of the following activities would be the best for her to perform?

A)Swimming
B)Walking
C)Cycling
D)Yoga

Question 46

Mariyah loves leafy green salads,so which of the following items should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content?

A)Cooked chicken strips
B)Raw apple slices
C)Shredded red cabbage
D)Raw,shredded bok choy

Question 47

Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving?

A)Plain yogurt
B)Tomato juice
C)Cottage cheese
D)Spinach

Question 48

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause.
B)Loss of height is a sign of osteoporosis.
C)Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
D)People with African ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with Asian or white ancestry.

Question 49

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Estrogen and testosterone are needed for good bone health.
B)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
C)Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.
D)Loss of height is a sign of osteoporosis.

Question 50

Samantha is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots,beans,water,salt,pepper,bits of ham,and onions.The soup has to cook for 4 hours.While the soup is cooking,what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

A)The minerals will denature and become less bioavailable.
B)Unless Samantha places a cover on the soup pot,the minerals will decompose when exposed to light and oxygen.
C)The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and into the watery portion of the soup.
D)The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron,phosphorus,and sulfur in the vegetables.

Question 51

Before Alonzo prepares potatoes for dinner,he takes them out of the refrigerator and allows them to sit by a sunny window for about 30 minutes.To prepare them,he peels the potatoes,cuts them into small pieces,and boils them in water.Which of his actions can lead to losses of minerals from the vegetable?

A)Cooking the potatoes at high temperatures
B)Exposing the potatoes to sunlight
C)Storing the potatoes in the refrigerator
D)Using excess water to cook the potatoes

Question 52

Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium?

A)Fat-free yogurt
B)Canned sardines
C)Raw kale
D)Baked chicken

Question 53

Which of the following foods supplies the most bioavailable calcium per 1 cup serving?

A)Cottage cheese
B)Ice cream
C)Fat-free milk
D)Spinach

Question 54

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots,beans,water,salt,pepper,bits of ham,and onions.The soup has to cook for 4 hours.While the soup is cooking,what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

A)The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron,phosphorus,and sulfur in the vegetables.
B)The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability.
C)The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water,becoming part of the soup in the process.
D)Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants.

Question 55

Which of the following nutrients is a major mineral?

A)Iodine
B)Zinc
C)Potassium
D)Iron

Question 56

Paul wants to maintain his bone mass.To help him achieve this goal,which of the following activities would be the best for him to perform?

A)Stretching hamstrings for 15 minutes daily
B)Cycling on a stationary bike for 45 minutes daily
C)Playing basketball with friends for 45 minutes,every other day
D)Swimming 15 laps every other day

Question 57

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

A)Sulfur
B)Copper
C)Magnesium
D)Calcium

Question 58

Derek's diet contains high amounts of _____,which is classified as a major mineral.

A)iodine
B)iron
C)phosphorus
D)lithium

Question 59

Christine loves to eat canned salmon and sardines.These fish are good sources of ________.

A)vitamin C
B)folate
C)calcium
D)magnesium

Question 60

Lydia's diet lacks _____,which is classified as a major mineral.

A)calcium
B)iron
C)selenium
D)iodine

Question 61

In general,fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of ________.

A)calcium
B)iron
C)potassium
D)zinc

Question 62

Osteoporosis is characterized by ________.

A)immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin
B)keratinization and death of epithelial cells
C)loss of bone mass and structure
D)defective collagen production

Question 63

Which of the following disorders is associated with high sodium intakes?

A)Osteomalacia
B)Hypertension
C)Fluorosis
D)Type 2 diabetes

Question 64

Calcitonin ________.

A)increases the body's rate of potassium excretion
B)enhances bone tissue loss
C)enables glucose to enter cells
D)signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood

Question 65

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop osteoporosis?

A)A sedentary white male college student who smokes cigarettes.
B)A tall 35-year-old African-American woman who consumes 3 cups of dairy products daily.
C)A 25-year-old white woman who exposes her skin to sunlight every day for at least 30 minutes.
D)A 30-year-old overweight Hispanic man who plays basketball 5 days a week.

Question 66

Mary is a 58-year-old woman who is past menopause.In the past three years,she lost 2 inches in height and broke her wrist.Based on this information,Mary's physician should test her for ________.

A)osteocarcinoma
B)osteomalacia
C)osteoporosis
D)osteoarthritis

Question 67

Which of the following hormones is needed for normal bone development and maintenance?

A)Insulin
B)Oxytocin
C)Estrogen
D)Glucagon

Question 68

Which of the following foods is low in sodium and high in potassium?

A)Canned soup
B)Orange juice
C)Soy sauce
D)Dill pickles

Question 69

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

A)Iron
B)Potassium
C)Copper
D)Fluoride

Question 70

Weight-bearing exercises can ________.

A)delay the development of diverticulosis
B)strengthen bones
C)increase the body's metabolism of zinc and sulfur
D)reduce the body's need for vitamin C and iron

Question 71

Young women who _____ have higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who do not have this characteristic.

A)consume kale,spinach,and yogurt
B)exercise for 30 minutes each day
C)have African-American ancestry
D)smoke cigarettes

Question 72

Lola doesn't like to cook,so she eats fast food at least three times a week.When she doesn't eat fast food,she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich.For snacks,she prefers processed cheese cubes,potato chips,and pretzels.Based on this information,her diet is very high in ________.

A)vitamin D
B)sodium
C)beta-carotene
D)potassium

Question 73

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?

A)African Americans
B)Native Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Non-Hispanic white Americans

Question 74

Pickled foods,canned soups,soy sauce,and deli (luncheon)meats contain high amounts of ________.

A)selenium
B)sodium
C)magnesium
D)potassium

Question 75

Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium?

A)Ground beef
B)Papaya
C)Corn oil
D)Canned tomato soup

Question 76

When Benson had his blood pressure tested,it was normal.Based on this information,what was his blood pressure?

A)80/120 mm Hg
B)118/69 mm Hg
C)145/60 mm Hg
D)70/120 mm Hg

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true?

A)"Deli" meats,such as bologna and ham,are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium.
B)It is safe to take large doses of potassium supplements,because the mineral is non-toxic.
C)A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range.
D)Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension.

Question 78

Parathyroid hormone ________.

A)signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones
B)enables glucose to enter cells
C)enhances the body's ability to retain calcium
D)increases the body's rate of potassium excretion

Question 79

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

A)114/70 mm Hg
B)70/120 mm Hg
C)80/120 mm Hg
D)142/65 mm Hg

Question 80

The most bioavailable and safest sources of calcium are ________.

A)meat,fish,and poultry
B)dietary supplements that contain calcium carbonate and magnesium
C)spinach and broccoli
D)dairy products