Deck 11: Substance-Related, Addictive and Impulse-Control Disorders

Question 1

A perspective of substance dependence that involves "drug-seeking behaviors" includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) repeated use of the drug.
B) a desperate need to ingest more of the drug.
C) resuming drug use after a period of abstinence.
D) physical symptoms when the drug is no longer used.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In terms of substance­related disorders, the word "addiction" is most closely associated with .

A) substance use
B) intoxication
C) drug dependence
D) polysubstance abuse

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Blackouts appear to be related to the interaction of alcohol with the system.

A) glutamate
B) serotonin
C) GABA
D) dopamine

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Substance intoxication includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) the specific drug that is used.
B) how much of a drug is used or ingested.
C) the drug user's individual biological reaction.
D) physiological dependence on the drug.

Question 5

The American Psychiatric Association defines substance abuse in terms of

A) how drunk or intoxicated a person gets after ingesting a psychoactive substance.
B) whether or not the substance interferes with the person's life.
C) the type and intensity of the substance abuser's biological reaction.
D) which drug is used and whether it is legal or illegal.

Question 6

Tirkel steals money from his mother's handbag every time he needs to buy drugs. His substance dependence is manifested by

A) withdrawal symptoms.
B) drug-seeking behavior.
C) continuing tolerance.
D) psychological addiction.

Question 7

All of the following analgesic substances are classified as opiates EXCEPT .

A) cocaine
B) codeine
C) heroin
D) morphine

Question 8

Because of its impact on GABA receptors, alcohol neuronal communication.

A) inhibits
B) facilitates
C) randomizes
D) eliminates

Question 9

Angelina has had difficulty falling asleep for some time. She started taking a prescribed sleeping pill every night for her insomnia. Now, she needs the pill to fall asleep. Without it, she will toss and turn all night, getting little sleep. Angelina is

A) dependent and drug abusive.
B) dependent and not drug abusive.
C) dependent but not physiologically addicted.
D) dependent and tolerant.

Question 10

A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience

A) tolerance to the effects of the drug.
B) withdrawal symptoms if the drug is withdrawn.
C) both tolerance and withdrawal.
D) neither tolerance nor withdrawal.

Question 11

Alcohol and the drugs Seconal, Halcion, and Valium are all classified as .

A) stimulants
B) opiates
C) depressants
D) narcotics

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of alcohol's effects on brain functioning?

A) Faster reaction time
B) Improved judgment
C) Impaired motor coordination
D) Clear speech

Question 13

Cameron has a cup of coffee every morning, smokes 10 cigarettes a day, and has a beer with dinner. This is an example of

A) substance use.
B) substance abuse.
C) polysubstance abuse.
D) substance intoxication.

Question 14

Both morphine and codeine produce analgesia, which means that they

A) activate the central nervous system.
B) relieve pain and produce euphoria.
C) increase alertness.
D) cause delusions and dissociative experiences.

Question 15

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in brain cells, the effects of are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected.

A) opiates
B) tranquilizers
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

Question 16

Alcoholism and substance abuse, previously considered a , is now conceptualized by many as a disease.

A) sociopathic personality disturbance
B) schizophrenic-like behavioral pattern
C) type of dependent personality disorder
D) hysterical conversion syndrome

Question 17

Which of the following would NOT be an example of substance use?

A) Smoking a cigarette
B) Drinking a cup of coffee
C) Taking a sleeping pill
D) Getting drunk

Question 18

Carol has been addicted to narcotics for many years. Recently, she has been trying to quit and has not used any drugs for the last week. We can expect that Carol will be experiencing .

A) fever and chills
B) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
C) aches and pains
D) all of these

Question 19

Alcohol can initially appear to cause stimulation because it

A) makes vision and hearing more acute.
B) has an excitatory affect on the brain.
C) depresses inhibitory centers in the brain.
D) alters motor coordination.

Question 20

The condition called delirium tremens, also known as the "DTs," involves hallucinations and body tremors during withdrawal from .

A) heroin
B) cocaine
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

Question 21

According to Jellinek's model (no longer considered accurate but still of scientific interest), an individual with alcoholism progresses through four stages. Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the characteristic behaviors associated with each of Jellinek's stages?

A) Prealcoholic stage - hangovers, DWI or DUI charges, blackouts
B) Prodromal stage - drinking heavily but few outward signs of problems
C) Chronic stage - primary daily activities involve drinking and getting drunk
D) Crucial stage - loss of control with occasional binges

Question 22

Alcohol is related to violence because it .

A) increases impulsivity
B) increases rational thinking
C) causes aggression
D) decreases aggressive behavior

Question 23

In 2012, researchers at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimated that more than Americans are probably dependent on alcohol.

A) 3 million
B) 10 million
C) 15 million
D) 25 million

Question 24

In a large survey among college-age men and women, it was found that

A) about 75% of the respondents had gone on a binge of heavy drinking once in the preceding two weeks.
B) there was no relationship between frequency of drinking and grades.
C) students with a grade-point average of "A" had no more than one drink per week.
D) "D" and "F" students averaged 11 alcoholic drinks per week.

Question 25

A report from the Substance Abuse and Health Services Administration (2012) indicates that just under of Americans reported binge drinking in the month preceding the report.

A) 2%
B) 23%
C) 51%
D) 65%

Question 26

Annabelle has been a heavy drinker for years. Her behavior reflects confusion, loss of muscle coordination and unintelligible speech. Such behavior is probably the result of .

A) dementia
B) substance abuse psychotic disorder
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 27

The prevailing view that alcohol abuse usually follows a predictable downward spiral was based on Jellinek's mid 20^th century survey of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) members that asked them how alcohol had affected them physically and psychologically. Data from this survey are now considered inaccurate because

A) respondents faked their answers to the questions on the survey.
B) too few AA members answered the survey questions.
C) since the survey was only sent to older members of AA, information on the progression of alcohol use was not available.
D) Jellinek himself became an alcoholic and never finished the research.

Question 28

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcoholism?

A) A progressive pattern leading to alcoholism is inevitable for those who drink alcohol.
B) The factors that determine a drinker's susceptibility to alcoholism are not yet fully understood.
C) Alcohol use and aggressive behavior are negatively correlated.
D) Use of alcohol by preteens and young teenagers does not predict later abuse.

Question 29

You have just heard about a situation in which someone who was drunk vandalized a building and assaulted a security guard. From your knowledge of abnormal psychology, you are aware that although alcohol does not cause aggressive behavior, it may

A) stimulate the inhibitory center of the brain, causing aggressive behavior.
B) activate the aggressive genes in the person's DNA.
C) impair the ability to consider the consequences of acting impulsively.
D) increase the anxiety associated with being punished for one's actions.

Question 30

A research study of 6,000 lifetime drinkers (DeWitt et al., 2000) found that drinking at an early age (ages 11-14)

A) was predictive of later alcohol use disorders.
B) had no relationship to alcohol use later in life.
C) caused more frequent blackouts than drinking at later ages.
D) resulted in more severe withdrawal symptoms than drinking at later ages.

Question 31

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcohol use?

A) Education is negatively correlated with recent alcohol use.
B) Half of all Americans over the age of 12 report being current drinkers of alcohol.
C) Female college students were more likely than male college students to report several episodes of binge drinking in a two-week period.
D) Alcohol use in the elderly population is typically high.

Question 32

Differences in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) rates among women who drink may be due to differences.

A) cultural/racial
B) cognitive
C) metabolic
D) emotional

Question 33

All of the following are symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol EXCEPT .

A) nausea and/or vomiting
B) hypersomnia
C) transient hallucinations
D) agitation

Question 34

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol while pregnant. Symptoms of FAS include all of the following EXCEPT

A) cognitive deficits and behavior problems.
B) distorted facial features.
C) learning difficulties.
D) excessive fetal growth.

Question 35

In some individuals, chronic alcohol use causes physical damage to the body. Whether this occurs depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT

A) blood alcohol levels during drinking periods.
B) type of alcohol consumed (e.g., beer, wine, liquor).
C) genetic vulnerability.
D) the frequency of alcohol use

Question 36

The correct pairing of the names, causes, and symptoms of two types of organic brain syndromes that may result from chronic, long-term alcohol abuse are

A) dementia - loss of intellectual abilities caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine.
B) Broca's disease ­ confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine.
C) dementia - confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by the toxic effects of alcohol on the brain.
D) Fetal alcohol syndrome - loss of intellectual abilities caused by the toxic effects of alcohol on the adult brain.

Question 37

Although alcohol use and aggression are positively correlated, the factors that actually determine aggressive behavior involve all of the following EXCEPT

A) quantity and timing of alcohol consumed.
B) the person's previous history of violence.
C) the expectations about drinking.
D) the person's level of intelligence.

Question 38

Which of the following does NOT describe the specific effect of alcohol on a particular neurotransmitter system?

A) Serotonin - alcoholic cravings
B) Glutamate - alcoholic blackouts
C) Dopamine - slurred speech
D) GABA - anti-anxiety effect

Question 39

Research that asks individuals to indicate their frequency of alcohol use found that alcohol use is highest among ______________.

A) Hispanics
B) Asian Americans
C) Caucasian Americans
D) people with multiracial backgrounds

Question 40

What explains the apparent stimulation, feeling of well-being, and outgoing behavior that occur as the initial effects of alcohol ingestion?

A) Depression of the inhibitory centers in the brain
B) Activation of the inhibitory centers in the brain
C) Depression of the autonomic nervous system
D) Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system

Question 41

Misuse of the benzodiazepine has resulted in it being referred to as the "forget-me pill," and it has been used to facilitate date rape.

A) Amytal
B) Halcion
C) Rohypnol
D) Ritalin

Question 42

Which of the following terms is the definition of anticonvulsant?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Calming

Question 43

Ecstasy or MDMA

A) increases appetite.
B) rarely causes Emergency Room visits.
C) is now used more than LSD.
D) acts like speed, but has major withdrawal symptoms.

Question 44

Which of the following terms is the definition of sedative?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Calming

Question 45

Which of the following terms is the definition of anxioltytic?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Anxiety-increasing

Question 46

Which of the following types of drugs typically is used in large amounts to commit suicide?

A) Benzodiazepines
B) Barbiturates
C) Stimulants
D) Hallucinogens

Question 47

Minerva was extremely anxious and worried about everything. She thought that something terrible would happen and worried what people thought about her. Her doctor most likely prescribed to help her.

A) an opiate
B) an anticonvulsant
C) a sedative
D) an antidepressant

Question 48

The most common of the psychoactive substances, used by 90% of Americans, is .

A) nicotine
B) caffeine
C) marijuana
D) opium

Question 49

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a benzodiazepine?

A) Ativan
B) Valium
C) Xanax
D) Seconal

Question 50

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders?

A) Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called "crashing"), which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria.
B) Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue.
C) Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the nervous system.
D) Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

Question 51

Until 1903, Coca-Cola contained which of the following?

A) Cocaine
B) Heroin
C) Caffeine
D) Chocolate

Question 52

Which of the following are examples of opioids?

A) Chemicals in the poppy
B) Hydrocodone
C) Enkephalins
D) all of the above

Question 53

Nikki has decided to stop smoking (again). She can expect to experience which of the following withdrawal symptoms?

A) Elevated mood
B) Decreased appetite
C) Weight loss
D) Irritability

Question 54

The most commonly consumed of all the psychoactive drugs are the stimulants, which include all of the following EXCEPT _.

A) caffeine
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) mescaline

Question 55

Stimulation of the neurons in the "pleasure pathway" (the site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure) probably causes the "high" associated with cocaine use.

A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) adrenaline
D) endorphin

Question 56

Which of the following effects is associated with cocaine use?

A) Decreased alertness
B) Increased appetite
C) Decreased pulse and blood pressure
D) Rapid and irregular heartbeat

Question 57

Your shy and introverted friend tells you that she has discovered a wonder drug that produces feelings of euphoria and is not addictive. When you realize that she is talking about cocaine, you inform her that

A) scientists agree that it is a wonder drug just as she describes.
B) in the early 20^th century cocaine was an ingredient in Pepsi-Cola.
C) cocaine will make her more social and outgoing.
D) dependence on cocaine develops slowly over a period of years.

Question 58

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a barbiturate?

A) Amytal
B) Seconal
C) Rohypnol
D) Nembutal

Question 59

"Crack babies," born to mothers who have used cocaine, often develop problems that are attributed not only to the effects of cocaine but also to

A) mother's use of alcohol.
B) mother's use of nicotine.
C) disrupted home environments.
D) all of these

Question 60

Which of the following terms is the definition of hypnotic?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Calming

Question 61

Enkephalins and endorphins are natural opioids found in .

A) the brain
B) the humoral system
C) DNA
D) poppy seeds

Question 62

The field of research that studies how genes work to affect addiction is called .

A) behavior genetics
B) the genome project
C) functional genomics
D) genetic cross-transformation

Question 63

Yesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets. Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that, in behavioral terms, aspirin is a reinforcer. (After listening to this, your headache begins to gets worse.)

A) positive
B) negative
C) neutral
D) variable

Question 64

Angus had been "hooked" for a while before he decided to "go clean." Within 6 to 12 hours, he started to experience excessive yawning, nausea and vomiting, chills, muscle aches, diarrhea, and insomnia. His behavior disrupted his work and social relationships. These symptoms persisted for three days. After a week, he felt better. Angus is probably withdrawing from .

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) heroin
D) LSD

Question 65

The "pleasure pathways," or internal reward centers, in the human brain are primarily made up of ______________.

A) dopamine-sensitive neurons
B) serotonin-sensitive neurons
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 66

Which of the following hallucinogenic substances is processed synthetically?

A) Marijuana
B) LSD
C) Psilocybin
D) Mescaline

Question 67

Among the so-called recreational or illicit "designer drugs" is a dissociative anesthetic that produces a sense of detachment along with a reduced awareness of pain. It is called .

A) Ecstasy (MDMA)
B) "K" or "Special K"
C) Eve
D) Nexus

Question 68

Which of the following statements is false about hallucinogens?

A) LSD is chemically similar to serotonin.
B) Mescaline is chemically similar to norepinephrine.
C) A number of hallucinogens are chemically similar to acetylcholine.
D) MDMD is chemically similar to glutamate.

Question 69

Legally available narcotic medications, including morphine and codeine, are used primarily as .

A) antagonists
B) analgesics
C) antibiotics
D) antidotes

Question 70

Even after Timon read "Psychedelics for Dummies," he was unable to produce LSD in the lab. He decided he would have to find a hallucinogen naturally. Therefore, he should look for which naturally occurring hallucinogen?

A) Psilocybin
B) Mescaline
C) LSD
D) All of these

Question 71

The drugs that directly stimulate the internal reward center or pleasure pathways in the brain include _______________.

A) amphetamines and cocaine
B) the opiates
C) all of these
D) none of these

Question 72

A recent research study on alcoholism suggests that use of illegal drugs is influenced by environmental factors but abuse and dependence are more influenced by factors.

A) genetic
B) psychological
C) non-biological
D) cultural

Question 73

Health-wise, marijuana

A) wards off nausea.
B) eases pain associated with multiple sclerosis.
C) contains as many carcinogens as tobacco smoke.
D) all of these

Question 74

Which of the following is an accurate statement about opiate (narcotic) addiction?

A) Discontinuing narcotic use brings on withdrawal symptoms in 1-2 hours.
B) Since opiates (narcotics) are usually injected, users are at increased risk for HIV and, by extension, AIDS.
C) The withdrawal process for narcotic addiction takes about 1 to 3 weeks.
D) Most addicts die before the age of 50 from a drug overdose.

Question 75

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning marijuana use and abuse?

A) Paranoia and hallucinations can occur.
B) Tolerance develops rapidly.
C) Psychological dependence can occur with even occasional use.
D) Marijuana is free of carcinogens.

Question 76

Use of the testosterone-derived anabolic-androgenic steroids differs from other illicit drug use because

A) the "high" produced from steroid use is more intense than that experienced with other drugs.
B) steroids are used to increase body mass and enhance performance.
C) more females than males use anabolic steroids.
D) steroids can be taken orally or by injection.

Question 77

All of the following are informative and accurate statements about inhalants EXCEPT

A) inhalant use is most commonly observed among college students.
B) symptoms of inhalant use include slurred speech, dizziness, and euphoria.
C) long-term inhalant use can damage bone marrow, the kidneys, the liver, and the brain.
D) use of inhalants can cause users to be antisocial and aggressive.

Question 78

In behavioral terms, drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforcers because they

A) quickly make a person feel good.
B) stop a person from feeling pain.
C) have toxic effects on the nervous system.
D) can cause frequent users to become dependent on them.

Question 79

Cannabis use often results in .

A) mood swings
B) blunted sensory experience
C) an accurate sense of time
D) enhanced nausea

Question 80

The common factor among psychoactive drugs may be

A) their ability to activate the "pleasure pathways" of the brain.
B) the ease of obtaining them and the relatively inexpensive cost.
C) the similar way in which they are metabolized in the body.
D) their identical effect on neurotransmitters at the synapse.