Deck 20: From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

Question 1

The military officers who carried out the Decembrist Revolt in Russia upon the death of Alexander I wanted:

A) to create the Republic of Russia.
B) to implement the sorts of reforms that Napoleon had implemented in France.
C) Russia to become the Third Rome.
D) to make Russia the "Liberator of the World."
E) to accelerate the pace of reform in Russia to make it worthy of being the "liberator of Europe."

Answer 1

to accelerate the pace of reform in Russia to make it worthy of being the "liberator of Europe."

Question 2

In The Condition of the Working Class in England,Friedrich Engels:

A) argued that the standard of living had increased for skilled workers.
B) gave an empirical report describing the misery of British factory workers.
C) described his observations of a textile factory in Essen,Germany.
D) offered a philosophical justification for dialectical materialism.
E) stated that the workers' revolution he had predicted earlier would never occur in England.

Answer 2

gave an empirical report describing the misery of British factory workers.

Question 3

The "Concert of Europe":

A) excluded Russia,but included France with Prussia and Austria.
B) was a movement supporting Greek independence.
C) was created in the wake of the revolutions of 1848.
D) was another name for the alliance signed by Austria,Prussia,Britain,and Russia.
E) was an alliance among Austria,France,and Prussia.

Answer 3

was another name for the alliance signed by Austria,Prussia,Britain,and Russia.

Question 4

The Troppau Memorandum,which was signed by Russia,Prussia,and Austria,called upon the signatories to aid one another:

A) in times of economic depression.
B) in repelling a foreign invasion.
C) when waging an offensive war.
D) in suppressing revolution.
E) all of these

Question 5

One of the most influential British liberals was:

A) John Stuart Mill.
B) David Ricardo.
C) Jeremy Bentham.
D) Adam Smith.
E) James Mill.

Question 6

The founder of modern socialism was:

A) Karl Marx.
B) Friedrich Engels.
C) Theodore Herzl.
D) Friedrich List.
E) G.W.F.Hegel.

Question 7

During the nineteenth century,many European economists such as _________ sought to develop national economies and national infrastructures in keeping with the general rise of nationalism.

A) Franz Liszt
B) Friedrich Strassmann
C) Adam Smith
D) Thorstein Veblen
E) Friedrich List

Question 8

The nation that pushed for the creation of a Holy Alliance dedicated to justice,Christian charity,and peace was:

A) France.
B) Prussia.
C) Austria.
D) Great Britain.
E) Russia.

Question 9

A modern ideology that was first articulated in the nineteenth century following the defeat of Napoleon was:

A) nationalism.
B) socialism.
C) conservatism.
D) liberalism.
E) all of these

Question 10

The utopian socialist Robert Owen put his beliefs into practice in his cotton factory in:

A) Middleville,Massachusetts.
B) Fourier,Provence.
C) Cardiff,Wales.
D) Birmingham,England.
E) New Lanark,Scotland.

Question 11

According to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's What Is Property?,property:

A) should be held in common by all.
B) is owned by a state's monarch.
C) is a natural right.
D) should be controlled by the state.
E) is theft.

Question 12

A distinction may be drawn between liberals and republicans on the issue of:

A) rates of taxation.
B) public welfare.
C) national healthcare.
D) expanding the franchise.
E) universal education.

Question 13

The writings of the seventeenth-century political philosopher,John Locke,formed the basis for English:

A) royalists.
B) conservatives.
C) liberals.
D) democrats.
E) republicans.

Question 14

The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was:

A) a direct response to the formation of the Third Section.
B) initiated by an elite corps of Russian army officers.
C) caused by the assassination of Nicholas I.
D) caused by a fuel shortage in Saint Petersburg after the death of Alexander I.
E) led by army officers obsessed with Jacobin republicanism.

Question 15

In the years following the Napoleonic Wars,who fashioned himself as the "liberator" of Europe?

A) Prince Klemens von Metternich
B) Benjamin Disraeli
C) Tsar Alexander I
D) Louis Napoleon
E) Emperor Frederick William III

Question 16

The principal idea that guided the Congress of Vienna was:

A) the principle of legitimacy.
B) the restoration of the French monarchy.
C) the creed of economic and political liberalism.
D) the utilitarianism of the Benthamites.
E) a balance of power.

Question 17

Although many nations participated in the Congress of Vienna,the guiding hand was attached to:

A) Charles Maurice de Talleyrand.
B) Tsar Alexander I.
C) Emperor Frederick William III.
D) Alexander Ypsilantis.
E) Prince Klemens von Metternich.

Question 18

The revolutions in South America were aided in 1823 when the United States issued the:

A) Doctrine of Manifest Destiny.
B) Jefferson/Jackson Doctrine.
C) Monroe Doctrine.
D) Treaty of La Plata.
E) Madison Memorandum.

Question 19

The basis of nineteenth-century conservatism was a belief in political stability which the conservatives thought would be guaranteed by the:

A) monarchy.
B) army.
C) workers.
D) peasantry.
E) middle class.

Question 20

The Greek war of independence:

A) pitted various Greek groups against the Ottoman Turks.
B) was both peaceful and bloodless.
C) led to the repeal of the London Protocols.
D) resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.
E) resulted in the capture of Constantinople.

Question 21

Victor Hugo wrote:

A) plays that extolled the virtues of middle-class respectability.
B) Faust and The Raft of the Medusa.
C) poems that dwelled on the "imaginative landscape of the mind."
D) novels sympathetic to the plight of the common person.
E) courtly romances.

Question 22

One of the best-known images of the revolutions of 1830 is Liberty Leading the People by:

A) Francisco Guy.
B) Jacques-Louis David.
C) Eugene Delacroix.
D) Theodore Gericault.
E) J.M.W.Turner.

Question 23

Which of the following philosophers is often considered to be a precursor to the Romantic Movement?

A) Denis Diderot
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Voltaire
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
E) René Descartes

Question 24

The fiercest critic of British industrial society was the poet:

A) William Blake.
B) Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
C) John Constable.
D) John Keats.
E) Percy Bysshe Shelley.

Question 25

Romanticism was exhibited in the paintings of the British artist:

A) William Wordsworth.
B) J.M.W.Turner.
C) Inigo Jones.
D) Thomas Gainsborough.
E) Eugene Delacroix.

Question 26

After 1815,Poland:

A) became an independent state.
B) became an independent kingdom under tsarist control.
C) was absorbed into the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D) was once again partitioned.
E) became a province of Prussia.

Question 27

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe influenced the Romantics greatly through his first popular novel:

A) The Passions of Young Werther.
B) Grimm Tales of Germany.
C) William Tell.
D) Faust.
E) Das Lied von der Erde.

Question 28

An example of Italian nationalism can be found in the Rossini opera:

A) William Tell.
B) Tales of the Brothers Grimm.
C) Il Trovatore.
D) Il Trittico.
E) Macbeth.

Question 29

Between 1839 and 1848,the leading British voice(s)calling for democracy was (were)the:

A) International Workingmen's Association.
B) socialists in a great many organizations.
C) landed aristocracy; they believed they could control the peasants' votes.
D) Chartists,who gathered 6 million signatures in support in 1848.
E) British Communist Party.

Question 30

In general,the Romantics would be likely to argue that:

A) reason was capable of revealing the world as it existed.
B) all poetic imagination must be subject to the laws of knowledge.
C) nature reveals nothing,the mind everything.
D) truth could be found in the art of the ancient world.
E) the philosophes had elevated reason above emotion and spontaneity.

Question 31

As a result of "Peterloo," Parliament passed the Six Acts,which included:

A) restrictions on the rights of public meeting.
B) provisions for an eight-hour workday.
C) universal manhood suffrage.
D) the repeal of the Stamp Act.
E) a repeal of the Corn Laws.

Question 32

Beethoven and Goethe:

A) admired Napoleon as a revolutionary hero.
B) wanted their art to revolutionize the lowest orders of European society.
C) used their art to emulate the "French style."
D) illustrate the difficulty of assigning a single definition to Romanticism.
E) were the greatest composer and writer,respectively,of the Neoclassical Age.

Question 33

The Congress of Vienna joined the Netherlands and Belgium together as a buffer against France,but the Belgians never accepted this arrangement and they revolted following:

A) the Congress of Berlin.
B) Napoleon's escape from Elba.
C) passage of the July Ordinances.
D) the French Revolution of 1830.
E) the partition of Poland.

Question 34

The July Ordinances of 1830 issued by Charles X dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies,imposed strict censorship on the press,and:

A) reduced the power of the nobility.
B) called for new elections.
C) restricted the Catholic Church.
D) repealed the Napoleonic legal code.
E) restricted suffrage.

Question 35

The Reform Bill of 1832:

A) created equal electoral districts.
B) passed because the governing class feared a union of the working and middle classes.
C) gave the vote to all males except those employed as agricultural workers.
D) did not cleanse Parliament of "rotten" or "pocket" boroughs.
E) extended the franchise to all adult males and most women.

Question 36

One of the best-known examples of Romantic fiction,Frankenstein,was written by:

A) Mary Keats.
B) Mary Wollstonecraft.
C) Mary Shelley.
D) Mary Bysshe.
E) Mary Byron.

Question 37

Nineteenth-century liberals were least concerned with the:

A) relationship between the individual and the state.
B) economic well-being of the middle classes.
C) reform of the legal codes.
D) plight of the agricultural laborers.
E) well-being of the merchant class.

Question 38

A Romantic would probably argue that human nature is:

A) diverse,and therefore subject to no natural laws.
B) incapable of expression in art.
C) universal,and therefore subject to investigation.
D) necessarily evil.
E) basically good.

Question 39

The revolutions of 1830 and the subsequent reforms that were implemented were ultimately caused by the:

A) Six Acts passed by the British Parliament.
B) Chartist movement in England.
C) Congress of Vienna.
D) publication of The Communist Manifesto.
E) creation of the Second Republic.

Question 40

The British Anti-Corn Law League sought the repeal of laws regulating what commodity?

A) barley
B) grain
C) corn
D) soybeans
E) maize

Question 41

After the fall of Napoleon,France still remained the most powerful continental state due to Napoleon's efforts to centralize power and his governmental reforms.

Question 42

How did republicanism and socialism differ from liberalism?

Question 43

Why was restoration not possible in Latin America?

Question 44

The aims of Tsar Alexander's "Holy Alliance" were to establish justice,Christian charity,and peace.

Question 45

The expansion of an informed reading public helped make it impossible for conservatives to restore the old order.

Question 46

After the Congress of Vienna,a ruler was made legitimate by international treaties and support,not divine right.

Question 47

Liberalism required democracy.

Question 48

Tsar Nicholas sentenced five young members of the elite to be hanged and buried in secret graves in order to stop them from becoming martyrs to the Decembrists' cause.

Question 49

The revolutions of 1848 were prompted by the publication of the Communist Manifesto.

Question 50

Volk refers to the German people to whom Herder attributed a creative genius.

Question 51

The Second Empire in France was founded in 1852:

A) after an overwhelming majority vote of the people.
B) after Louis Napoleon seized power.
C) immediately following a bloody revolution.
D) after the Franco-Prussian War.
E) after France invaded Mexico.

Question 52

Europe reached a point of political crisis with the:

A) French Revolution of 1848.
B) French Revolution of 1830.
C) publication of the Communist Manifesto.
D) Franco-Prussian War.
E) Chartist movement in Britain.

Question 53

The second French Revolution prompted rebellion in Spain and Belgium.

Question 54

Isaac Newton's prisms played an important part in the Romantic artists' new uses of light.

Question 55

The French Revolution of 1848 resulted in:

A) a series of political dinners being held across the country.
B) toppling of the government of King Louis Philippe.
C) France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
D) the establishment of the Third Republic.
E) toppling of the government of Charles X.

Question 56

In early 1848,in response to unemployment and underemployment,the French government established public works projects in and around Paris under the name:

A) Works Progress Administration.
B) Paris Commune.
C) National Recovery Agency.
D) National Workshops.
E) Civilian Conservation Corps.

Question 57

The Romantics were a conservative force who looked back to religion and history for inspiration.

Question 58

Why was the Greek war for independence so attractive to European powers?

Question 59

The national languages of European countries were not always the languages of the majority of citizens.

Question 60

Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment and classicism.

Question 61

What changes did the new regime in Britain enact in order to avoid revolution?

Question 62

What was the role of the National Workshops in bringing about the French Revolution of 1848?

Question 63

How was Marx's socialism different from socialism in general?

Question 64

How was nationalism transformed by the state?

Question 65

What factors contributed to the second French Revolution in 1830?

Question 66

What was Orientalism?

Question 67

How did Romanticism challenge the gender roles of men and women in the nineteenth century?