Deck 12: Property Crime

Question 1

_________________is the concept that describes occasional property crimes occurring when an opportunity is available.

Answer 1

Situational inducement

Question 2

Common theft-related offenses including auto theft,shoplifting,and credit card fraud fall into the crime category of:

A)professional crime
B)street crime
C)white-collar crime
D)organized crime

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The crime of ____________ involves a wrongdoer's misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer,who then keeps it.

Answer 3

false pretenses (or fraud)

Question 4

_______________ were public meeting places that served as headquarters for gangs in the 18^th century.

Question 5

_______________ is a type of car theft usually motivated by a teenager's desire to acquire the power,prestige,sexual potency,and recognition associated with possessing an automobile.

Question 6

________________ is any unlawful entry of a structure to commit theft or felony.

Question 7

____________________ are the majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone.

Question 8

____________ are usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves,but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use.

Question 9

__________________ are not professional criminals.They are amateur criminals whose decision to steal is spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled,unplanned,and haphazard.

Question 10

In contrast to occasional thieves,_____________________ are criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime.

Question 11

Eighteenth century thieves who moved freely in sparsely populated areas and transported goods,such as spirits,gems,gold,and spices,without bothering to pay tax or duty were known as:

A)skilled thieves
B)poachers
C)smugglers
D)burglars

Question 12

In the nineteenth century,two new forms of theft appeared as a result of changes in society.What were these new forms?

A)train robbery and safe cracking
B)fraud and false pretenses
C)con games and fire-setting
D)stage coach robbery and mail banditry

Question 13

Criminal acts designed to bring financial reward to an offender are known as:

A)financial crimes
B)situational inducements
C)economic crimes
D)fiscal crimes

Question 14

An individual who specializes in burglary and has the necessary technical competence,personal integrity,financial success and the ability to avoid prison sentences is called a ___________________.

Question 15

As a group,_________________ can be defined as acts in violation of the criminal law designed to bring financial reward to an offender.

Question 16

Boosters or _______________ are professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences.

Question 17

_____________ is another name for false pretenses.

Question 18

Public meeting places,often taverns,that served as headquarters for gangs and thieves in the 18^th century were known as:

A)flash houses
B)pigeon drops
C)booster shops
D)cannon houses

Question 19

____________________ involves a business owner burning his or her property,or hiring someone to do it,to escape financial problems.

Question 20

The critical role of a "merchant" in criminal transactions has been recognized since the eighteenth century.A ______________ is a buyer and seller of stolen merchandise.

Question 21

Locking goods into place or having them monitored by electronic systems is known as:

A)target removal
B)electronic article surveillance
C)source tagging
D)target hardening

Question 22

Professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences are known as:

A)cannons or receivers
B)good burglars
C)heels or boosters
D)snitches

Question 23

Occasional property crimes occur when there is an opportunity or:

A)situational inducement
B)systematic inducement
C)enticing inducement
D)compelling inducement

Question 24

Which of the following is not a condition to be a successful fence?

A)upfront cash
B)complicity with law enforcers
C)connections with buyers
D)limited knowledge of dealing

Question 25

Complete strangers approached in a public place by someone offering a great deal on valuable commodities would be called:

A)amateur receivers
B)associational fences
C)professional fences
D)neighborhood hustlers

Question 26

According to the typology of professional thieves,which of the following do professional thieves engage in?

A)pick-pocketing
B)shoplifting
C)stealing jewels
D)joyriding

Question 27

What percentage of shoplifters are professionals who derive the majority of their income from shoplifting?

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)35

Question 28

Using dummy or disabled goods for retail display while having the real merchandise kept under lock and key,a technique used with high-cost electronic devices,is known as:

A)a target removal strategy
B)a target hardening strategy
C)an electronic surveillance system
D)source tagging

Question 29

Whose name do we associate with the classic book,The Professional Thief?

A)Carl Klockars
B)Harry King
C)Sam Goodman
D)Edwin Sutherland

Question 30

By the 18^th century,which of these types of property criminals was not active?

A)skilled thieves
B)smugglers
C)poachers
D)boosters

Question 31

Most naïve check forgers come from ____ backgrounds and have little identification with a criminal subculture.

A)lower-class
B)middle-class
C)upper-class
D)poverty-level

Question 32

What do we know about systematic check forgers?

A)They are risk prone when faced with a situation that is unusually stressful for them.
B)They constitute a relatively large segment of the total population of check forgers.
C)They make a substantial living by cashing bad checks.
D)They are usually isolated people,unsuccessful in their personal relationships.

Question 33

When caught,shoplifters try to rationalize their behavior.Cromwell and Thurman found widespread use of which social process theory?

A)neutralization theory
B)social bond theory
C)labeling theory
D)differential enforcement theory

Question 34

To combat losses from credit card theft,Congress passed a law in 1971 limiting a person's liability to _____ per stolen card.

A)$25
B)$50
C)$100
D)$500

Question 35

Usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves,but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use are called:

A)boosters
B)professional criminals
C)burglars
D)snitches

Question 36

In contrast to occasional thieves,criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime are known as:

A)proficient offenders
B)professional criminals
C)specialized criminals
D)trained offenders

Question 37

Amateur criminals whose decisions to steal are spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled,unplanned,and haphazard are known as:

A)professional criminals
B)situational criminals
C)snitches
D)occasional criminals

Question 38

Which of the following is not a prevention strategy to reduce or eliminate shoplifting?

A)electronic article surveillance
B)source tagging
C)target removal
D)overzealous enforcement

Question 39

A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is known as a:

A)snitch
B)booster
C)cannon
D)fence

Question 40

Amateur fences who barter stolen goods for services are known as:

A)neighborhood hustlers
B)professional fences
C)associational fences
D)amateur receivers

Question 41

A type of auto theft involving a gunman approaching a car and forcing the owner to give up the keys is known as:

A)carjacking
B)joyriding
C)prestige-jacking
D)situational inducement

Question 42

The majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone and usually cash bad checks because of a financial crisis are known as:

A)constructive check forgers
B)systematic check forgers
C)good check forgers
D)naïve check forgers

Question 43

Economic crimes can be defined as acts in violation of the criminal code designed to bring financial reward to an offender.

Question 44

Gender differences exist among male and female burglars.Which statement is false?

A)Males work solo for the most part,while females often work with others.
B)Both male and female burglars claimed a good job that paid well with minimal supervision would get them to give up their careers in crime.
C)Males become involved in burglary through male peers,and females are introduced to crime through their family members.
D)Females are involved because of the need to by necessities for their children.

Question 45

Larceny/theft was one of the earliest common-law crimes created by English judges to define acts in which one person took for his or her own use the property of another

Question 46

In states that enact laws specifying different degrees of burglary,the most serious and heavily punished crimes involve:

A)daytime forced entry into a nonresidential structure
B)nighttime forced entry into a residential structure
C)nighttime forced entry into a commercial building
D)daytime forced entry into a commercial building

Question 47

Today technology allows this crime to be executed differently than in the past.However it remains the most common method of swindling money out of an innocent victim.

A)the cannon drop
B)the pretense drop
C)the false drop
D)the pigeon drop

Question 48

By the eighteenth century,three separate groups of property criminals were active: skilled thieves,smugglers,and poachers.

Question 49

When a business owner burns his or her property,or hires someone to do it,to escape financial problems is known as:

A)arson fraud
B)revenge arson
C)arson for profit
D)situational arson

Question 50

Which of the following is not a common auto accident fraud scheme?

A)the swoop and squat
B)the drive up
C)the sideswipe
D)the t-bone

Question 51

Car theft which involves stealing a luxury car and replacing its vehicle identification number (VIN)with a legitimate VIN and providing counterfeit dealership and registration documents is known as:

A)carjacking
B)joyriding
C)prestige-jacking
D)car cloning

Question 52

Occasional property crime occurs when there is an opportunity or situational inducement to commit crime.

Question 53

A burglar who has technical competence,maintains personal integrity,specializes in burglary,has financial success,and has the ability to avoid prison sentences is known as:

A)a good burglar
B)an occupational burglar
C)a high-end burglar
D)a commercial burglar

Question 54

Swindles run by crooks who aspire to separate a victim from his or her hard-earned money are known as:

A)constructive stings
B)confidence games
C)constructive schemes
D)confidence schemes

Question 55

Cashing forged checks because of a financial crisis that demands an immediate resolution is known as:

A)shutting
B)heeling
C)closure
D)constructive possession

Question 56

Embezzlement is distinguished from fraud on the basis of:

A)whether the act occurred against an organization or an individual
B)the number of actors "working the scheme"
C)the dollar value of what was taken and the absence of using a weapon to perpetrate the criminal act
D)when the criminal intent was formed and that a serious breach of trust has taken place

Question 57

Which of the following elements would have legally constituted burglary during the late middle ages?

A)an occurrence during daylight hours
B)an occurrence by an invited guest
C)an occurrence during nighttime hours
D)an occurrence involving an item worth less than ten dollars

Question 58

The fact that some arsonists are motivated by severe emotional turmoil,antisocial behavior,and psychopathology,supports the claim that arson should be viewed as:

A)a social work problem
B)an intellectual problem
C)a mental health problem
D)a medical problem

Question 59

Theft is a phenomenon unique to modern times;the theft of personal property has not been known throughout recorded history.

Question 60

Misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer,who then keeps it,is known as:

A)factual pretense
B)false pretense
C)naïve pretense
D)opportunistic pretense

Question 61

Discuss the role that genders plays in shaping burglary careers.What are three similarities and three differences in the way male and female professional burglars conduct their craft?

Question 62

Identify and discuss Neil Shover's characteristics of a "good burglar" and how novices gain recognition as good burglars.

Question 63

The vast majority of shoplifters are amateur pilferers or snitches.Why do they steal? Provide two motivations and two examples of how they rationalize their behavior.

Question 64

Identify five reasons why people commit arson for profit.

Question 65

Larceny is separated by state statute into two categories that reflect the degree of physical injury suffered by the victim - misdemeanor larceny and felony larceny.

Question 66

Businesspeople are willing to become involved in arson to take advantage of government funds available for redevelopment.

Question 67

LoJack systems do not reduce the likelihood of protected cars being stolen,but lead to a higher recovery rates.

Question 68

Shoplifting is a common form of theft involving the taking of goods from retail stores.Studies estimate that one in every nine shoppers steals from department stores.

Question 69

Amateur thieves steal cars for a number of reasons.Identify and discuss three reasons why they would steal a car.

Question 70

Explain how fraud,traditional larceny,and embezzlement differ.Provide one example of each type of crime in order to demonstrate the differences.

Question 71

One major advantage with combating shoplifting is that many customers who observe pilferage gladly report it to security agents.

Question 72

False pretenses differs from traditional larceny because the former has victims willingly give their possessions to the offender.

Question 73

Define larceny and provide two examples.Also,distinguish the differences between petty and grand larceny.

Question 74

What is the role of a professional fence and identify three conditions that make for a successful fence?

Question 75

Discuss the historical evolution of the legal definition of burglary.

Question 76

A large portion of auto thieves steal cars to use in other crimes,such as robberies and thefts.

Question 77

Most credit card fraud is the work of amateurs who acquire stolen cards through theft or mugging and then use them for two or three days.

Question 78

Thieves who steal cars for long-term transportation intend to keep the cars for their personal use.

Question 79

Compare and contrast occasional criminals with professional criminals.Identify and describe five differences.

Question 80

Female burglars reported they would give up burglary once they settled down and started a family.