Deck 1: Crime and Criminology

Question 1

______________________ laws do not require mens rea,are meant to protect the public,and include traffic laws

Answer 1

Strict liability

Question 2

A ______________ is a more serious offense that carries a long prison sentence or even death.

Answer 2

felony

Question 3

Criminologists who devise valid and reliable measures designed to calculate the amount and trends of criminal activity fall under which sub-area of the criminological enterprise?

A)theory construction and testing
B)criminal statistic and crime measurements
C)penology and social control
D)victimology and victimization

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The _________________________ established a system of crime and punishment based on physical retaliation and is one of the oldest set of written laws.

Question 5

To satisfy the requirements of _______________,guilty actions must be voluntary.An act may cause harm but it is not a crime if it was done by accident or was an involuntary act.

Question 6

In most situations,for an act to constitute a crime it must be done with criminal intent or _________________.

Question 7

Criminal statistics and crime measurement involves devising valid and _______ measures designed to calculate the amount and trends of criminal activity.

Question 8

According to the ________________ of crime,society is a collection of diverse groups.Groups able to assert their political power use the law and the criminal justice system to advance their economic and social position.

Question 9

The consensus view of crime links illegal behavior to the concept of ________________________.

Question 10

Criminal statistics,the sociology of law,theory construction,criminal behavior systems,penology,and victimology comprise the _______________________.

Question 11

Governmental funding of research influences the direction of criminological inquiry because such funding sources often dictate ________ to study.

Question 12

Criminologists use ________ methods to study the nature,extent,cause,and control of criminal behavior.

A)economic
B)scientific
C)sociological
D)psychological

Question 13

__________ behavior is that which departs from the norms and values of society.

Question 14

Several sub-areas of criminology exist within the broader areas of criminology.These subareas are termed:

A)the criminological enterprise
B)the victim-offender enterprise
C)the sociological enterprise
D)the justice-offender enterprise

Question 15

Criminologists have been trained in diverse fields - sociology,criminal justice,political,science,psychology,political science,economics,and natural sciences - because criminology is a ____________________ science.

Question 16

___________________ are devoted to the design and collection of valid and reliable data that address the causes of crime as well as crime patterns and trends.

Question 17

__________ is an academic discipline that makes use of scientific methods to study the nature,extent,cause,and control of criminal behavior.

A)Sociology
B)Criminal Justice
C)Criminology
D)Psychology

Question 18

Deviant behavior:

A)violates the legal code
B)is considered a felony
C)is mala in se
D)departs from social norms

Question 19

The study of __________________ has uncovered that some people may engage in high-risk lifestyles that increase their own chance of victimization and make them highly vulnerable to crime.

Question 20

_________________ is the written code that defines crimes and their punishments,and reflects the values,beliefs,and opinions of society's mainstream.

Question 21

Under this view,groups able to assert their political power use the law and criminal justice system to advance their economic and social positions.Criminal laws are viewed as acts created to protect the haves from the have-nots.

A)conflict
B)consensus
C)interactionist
D)common

Question 22

Research conducted on the links between different crimes and criminals is known as _____________.

A)phrenology
B)crime typology
C)sociology
D)psychology

Question 23

The consensus view of crime links illegal behavior to the concept of:

A)political harm
B)social power
C)social harm
D)political power

Question 24

Failure to act can be considered a crime under all but which of the following circumstances?

A)if the parties are bound by relationship
B)if the state has a statue requiring that people give aid
C)if a contractual relationship exists
D)if an individual trusts another will act in their best interest

Question 25

_________________ serve as models or frameworks for understanding human behavior and the forces that shape its content and direction.

A)Theories
B)Social control mechanisms
C)Research methods
D)Corrections

Question 26

The perspective that views crime as the reflection of the preferences and opinions of people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction is:

A)the consensus view
B)the conflict view
C)the interactionist view
D)the Marxist view

Question 27

The intent to commit the criminal act is known as:

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)mala in se
D)mala prohibitum

Question 28

Common law was developed after the Norman conquest of England in 1066 through the verdicts of _________ who used local customs and rules of conduct as guides for decision-making.

A)juries
B)popes
C)kings
D)royal judges

Question 29

Trials by ordeal were based on the principle that:

A)divine forces would not allow an innocent person to be harmed
B)oath-takers would not allow an innocent person to be harmed
C)physical characteristics would not allow an innocent person to be harmed
D)common law would not allow an innocent person to be harmed

Question 30

Criminal law is shaped by all but which of the following?

A)shifts in culture and social conventions
B)judicial decision-making
C)legislative statutes
D)social control mechanisms

Question 31

Which of the following is not a social goal the government expects to achieve via contemporary criminal law?

A)encouraging revenge
B)maintenance of social order
C)deterrence of criminal behavior
D)express public opinion

Question 32

Studying the correction and control of known criminal offenders is:

A)criminal statistics
B)the sociology of law
C)theory construction
D)penology

Question 33

The sub-area of criminology concerned with the role social forces play in shaping criminal law and the role criminal law plays in shaping society is known as:

A)victimology
B)penology
C)criminal statistics
D)the sociology of law

Question 34

The rules of evidence,the law of search and seizure,questions of appeal,jury selection,and the right to counsel fall under what category of criminal law?

A)substantive law
B)procedural law
C)civil law
D)administrative law

Question 35

The branch of the law that defines crimes and their punishment is known as ______________.

A)substantive law
B)procedural law
C)civil law
D)administrative law

Question 36

Crimes less serious in nature and punished with a fine or a period of incarceration in a jail are referred to as:

A)strict liability offenses
B)misdemeanors
C)felonies
D)wrongful offenses

Question 37

Public welfare offenses,such as traffic offenses,are crimes that do not require mens rea to prove legal guilt because they endanger public welfare or violate safety regulations.They are also referred to as:

A)mala prohibita
B)strict liability crimes
C)limited liability crimes
D)felonies

Question 38

This type of law is used to resolve,control,and shape such personal interactions as contracts,wills and trusts,property ownership,and involves tort law.

A)substantive law
B)procedural law
C)civil law
D)administrative law

Question 39

The Code of Hammurabi established a system of crime and punishment based on physical retaliation.But,the severity of this physical retaliation depended upon one's:

A)economic standing
B)political standing
C)class standing
D)military standing

Question 40

______________ law governs the regulation of city,county,state,and federal government agencies.

A)substantive law
B)procedural law
C)civil law
D)administrative law

Question 41

What aspect of research may be questioned if studies are funded by organizations that have a vested interest in the outcome of the research?

A)the cost
B)the objectivity
C)the publishing of findings
D)the scientific method

Question 42

In _________________________,the Supreme Court declared that laws banning sodomy were unconstitutional because they violated the due process rights of citizens because of their sexual orientation.

A)Map v.Ohio
B)Baze and Bowling v.Rees
C)Lawrence v.Texas
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 43

In conducting research,criminologists primarily focus on both the poor and minorities while ignoring the __________________ criminals who may commit white-collar crime.

A)middle-class
B)employed
C)White
D)more intelligent

Question 44

Criminal justice explains the etiology,extent,and nature of crime in society.

Question 45

The availability of government and foundation research money has spurred criminological inquiry and it has also influenced the _______ of research.

A)supervision
B)management
C)conducting
D)direction

Question 46

The evolution of criminal law has created and eliminated many laws.Among those currently recognized is __________,which is the "the willful,malicious and repeated following and harassing of another person."

A)stalking
B)domestic violence
C)bullying
D)assault

Question 47

Murder,rape and other crimes deemed inherently evil are also referred to as _________________ crimes.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)mala in se
D)mala prohibitum

Question 48

Which of the following is illegal but is not necessarily deviant?

A)Incest
B)Drug use
C)Vandalism
D)Phising

Question 49

Statutory crimes are referred to as:

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibitum
C)actus reus
D)mens rea

Question 50

Changing technology requires modifications of the criminal law.A new defined crime that involves sending out bulk e-mail messages designed to trick consumers into revealing personal information is called:

A)phishing
B)spam
C)hacking
D)vishing

Question 51

College students who are drunk when they assault other people may claim they were suffering from a mental impairment that prevented them from understanding the harmfulness of their acts.They are using what type of defense?

A)excuses
B)justifications
C)intent
D)insanity

Question 52

When selecting subjects for research studies,criminologists should ensure they are selected in what manner?

A)randomly
B)voluntarily
C)conveniently
D)biased

Question 53

A battered wife who kills her mate might argue that she acted out of duress - committing her crime to save her own life.She would be using the defense of:

A)justification
B)excuse
C)denying the actus reus
D)denying mens rea

Question 54

Duress,self-defense,and entrapment are defenses in which the individual usually admits committing the criminal act but maintains that he or she should not be held criminally liable.These are what type of defense?

A)excuses
B)justifications
C)intent
D)insanity

Question 55

The subarea of criminal statistics involves measuring the amount and trends of criminal activity.

Question 56

The sub-area of the sociology of law is concerned with the role social forces play in shaping criminal law.

Question 57

Shifting definitions of deviant behavior are closely associated with our concepts of crime.

Question 58

When referring to the evolution of criminal law,which statement is inaccurate?

A)The globalization of crime will prompt changes in the criminal law.
B)Highly publicized cases may generate fear but rarely prompt changes in the law.
C)Criminal law may shift to reflect tolerance of behavior previously condemned.
D)Criminal law will constantly evolve to reflect social and economic conditions.

Question 59

Conspiracy,solicitation,and attempted crimes are also known as:

A)misdemeanor offenses
B)felonies
C)inchoate offenses
D)civil offenses

Question 60

Deviant behavior is behavior that departs from social norms.

Question 61

Criminal law constantly evolve to reflect social and economic conditions.

Question 62

Identify the various categories of law and their purpose.

Question 63

The interactionist perspective holds that the definition of crime evolves according to the moral standards of those in power.

Question 64

Theories are based on social facts that are observed and can be consistently quantified and measured.

Question 65

Describe the difference between a felony and misdemeanor and provide examples of each.

Question 66

Discuss the relationship between criminal law and the U.S.Constitution.

Question 67

Government and institutional funding have little influence on the direction and nature of criminological research.

Question 68

What ethical issues should criminologists consider when conducting criminological research and why should these issues be considered?

Question 69

All criminal law in the United States must conform to the rules and dictates of the U.S.Constitution

Question 70

Beginning with common law and concluding with contemporary law,explain how criminal law has evolved as society has evolved.

Question 71

Define and explain the difference between criminology and criminal justice.

Question 72

Criminology is related to the study of deviance.Explain how criminology,deviant behaviors and crime overlap.

Question 73

Common law originated in early England where royal judges would use local rules and custom to decide cases.

Question 74

Discuss four different goals achieved through the implementation of criminal law.

Question 75

The consensus view states that criminal laws are acts created to protect the haves from the have-nots.

Question 76

Those laws that set out the basic rules of practice in the criminal justice system are procedural criminal laws.

Question 77

Mala in se crimes are those crimes that reflect existing social conditions and are enacted through legislation.

Question 78

Define the consensus view of crime,the conflict view of crime,and the interactionist view of crime.Compare and contrast these three perspectives.

Question 79

According to early victimologists,victim behavior is very rarely a key determinant of crime.

Question 80

Identify and discuss three sub-areas of the criminological enterprise.