Deck 16: Managers As Leaders

Question 1

According to Ibn Khaldun, "Asabiya" mostly stems from blood ties and alliances.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Path- goal theory states that employee performance and satisfaction are likely to be positively influenced when the leader compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Transactional and transformational leadership are opposing approaches to getting things done.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Ideally, all managers should be leaders.

Question 5

The managerial grid only provides a framework for conceptualizing leadership style.

Question 6

Robert House's achievement- oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level.

Question 7

Despite the best efforts of researchers, it proved impossible to identify one set of traits that would always differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

Question 8

According to Ibn Khaldun, "perfecting details" mean the detailed messages that leaders communicate to their followers.

Question 9

According to Fiedler's research, relationship- oriented leaders seemed to perform better in very unfavorable situations.

Question 10

Robert House assumed that leadership style changes depending on the situation.

Question 11

A Leadership Junkie (Scenario)
Selma is a leadership "junkie." She has read all of the latest popular management texts on leadership and strongly feels that it has improved her ability to manage and perform her job. She is always eager to share her knowledge with her peers, especially emerging issues in leadership and the differences between the ways men and women lead.
Selma stopped Sarah in the lunchroom and just had to tell her about , where followers make claims about heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors.

A) charismatic leadership
B) situational leadership
C) transformational leadership
D) transactional leadership

Question 12

Crazy Powermakers, Inc. (Scenario)
Crazy Powermakers, Inc., was a unique company in that its philosophy was to prevent any one person from having too much power in the company. Therefore, any power found to exist in the company was distributed to someone who did not have any power yet. As a result, Tamara was the person employees went to when disciplinary action had to be taken; Kays was the supervisor that the employees went to for general decisions that needed to be made; Fadi was the person employees went to when they were to receive special recognition; Amira was the person employees went to when knowledge of a topic was needed; and Firas was the person employees went to when they needed resources or sought his charisma.
Firas held power.

A) legitimate
B) referent
C) expert
D) reward

Question 13

According to Fiedler's research, task- oriented leaders tend to perform better in situations that are very favorable or unfavorable to them.

Question 14

Robert House's path- goal theory is an expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 15

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership style proposed that effectiveness depends on the ability and willingness of the subordinates.

Question 16

According to the University of Michigan studies, leaders who are production oriented are described as emphasizing interpersonal relationships and as taking a personal interest in the needs of their followers.

Question 17

Path- goal theory holds that subordinates with an external locus of control will be more satisfied with a directive style.

Question 18

Cognitive theories are leadership theories that identified behaviors that differentiated effective leaders from ineffective leaders.

Question 19

"Asabiya" is one of the four elements of the Khadra's Prophetic- Caliphal model.

Question 20

Effective leaders do not need a high degree of knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters.

Question 21

Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed .

A) organizers
B) managers
C) leaders
D) visionaries

Question 22

The challenge for many managers is learning how to become an effective team leader.

Question 23

Ibn Khaldun describes "asabiya" as .

A) the leader's ability to force compliance
B) the group feeling or group bond
C) the follower's attachment to the leader
D) the agreements between tribes

Question 24

Leadership .

A) is based on management direction
B) has only been studied since the early twentieth century
C) has a requirement of at least five members to be led
D) cannot be developed, according to research

Question 25

Legitimate power and authority are inherent in management positions.

Question 26

Trust is the belief in the integrity, character, and ability of a leader.

Question 27

Leadership is .

A) the function of influencing a group towards the achievement of goals
B) a group that achieves goals
C) directing a group towards the achievement of goals
D) the process of influencing a group toward the achievement of goals

Question 28

Transformational leaders are perceived by their followers to be inspirational, with the ability to intellectually stimulate them.

Question 29

Ibn Khaldun's most famous book, in which he included a perspective on leadership, is called the .

A) Assabiyat AlArab (or "The Group bond among Arabs")
B) Assiyash wal Hukm (or "Politics and Governing")
C) Muqaddimah (or "Introduction")
D) Tareekh (or "History")

Question 30

Legitimate power and authority are one in the same.

Question 31

Which of the eight traits associated with leadership involves leaders build trusting relationships with followers by being truthful?

A) drive
B) intelligence
C) extraversion
D) honesty and integrity

Question 32

Charisma is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future for any organization or organizational unit that grows out of and improves on the present.

Question 33

People working for charismatic leaders are motivated to exert extra work effort but express lower satisfaction.

Question 34

A charismatic leader is likely seen as being self- confident and influential.

Question 35

The scarcity of female leaders in the Arab world is a unique case not found anywhere else in the world.

Question 36

Empowerment involves increasing the decision- making discretion of workers.

Question 37

Women's economic activity rate in the Arab world is low but remains much higher than the activity rate found in other developing countries.

Question 38

Credibility is the degree to which followers perceive someone as honest, competent, and able to inspire.

Question 39

Perfecting details, according to Ibn Khaldun, refer to .

A) the attributes of the leader's tribe or family
B) the environmental factors that shape a leader's behavior
C) the details of the leader's message
D) the personal qualities of the leader

Question 40

Of the five dimensions that make up the concept of trust, loyalty seems to be the most critical when someone assesses another's trustworthiness.

Question 41

According to the Ohio State studies, a leader who was high in helped group members with personal problems, was friendly and approachable, and treated all group members as equals.

A) employee orientation
B) initiating structure
C) consideration
D) production orientation

Question 42

Early research into leadership traits sought .

A) and found the traits status of leaders
B) identification of traits that leaders could use
C) to clarify the need for leadership traits
D) characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders

Question 43

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employee participation?

A) democratic style
B) laissez- faire style
C) cultural style
D) autocratic style

Question 44

The Ohio State and the University of Michigan studies were .

A) at different times, but had similar research objectives
B) about the same time and had similar research objectives
C) at different times, but had similar research findings
D) about the same time, but had different research objectives

Question 45

Research on leadership made it increasingly clear that predicting leadership success involved .

A) something more complex than isolating a few leader traits or preferable behaviors
B) proper analysis of leader consideration for people and concern for production
C) hiring managers that could demonstrate and develop trust with workers
D) was more complex than a few leadership styles

Question 46

Which of the eight traits associated with leadership requires a leader be able to create visions, solve problems, and make correct decisions?

A) desire to lead
B) honesty and integrity
C) job- relevant knowledge
D) intelligence

Question 47

Research by Fiedler uncovered three contingency dimensions that define the key .

A) follower factors for determining leader effectiveness
B) leader behavioral style factors for determining leader effectiveness
C) situational factors for determining leader effectiveness
D) situational factors for determining follower effectiveness

Question 48

The Fiedler model was based on the premise that a certain leadership style would be .

A) less effective than the behavioral styles models
B) most effective in different types of situations
C) more effective than concern for production
D) effective depending on the followers

Question 49

Which of the eight traits associated with leadership is positively related to leadership effectiveness because it produces a strong sense of responsibility for others?

A) self- confidence
B) desire to lead
C) drive
D) proneness to guilt

Question 50

Trait theory ignores .

A) the interactions of leaders
B) the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors
C) situational factors in the leadership research
D) the characteristics of the group members

Question 51

Fiedler's term ' ' refers to the degree of influence a leader has over power- based activities.

A) responsibility
B) leader- member relations
C) task structure
D) position power

Question 52

Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors that Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness?

A) maturity of organization and subordinates
B) leader- member relations and maturity of followers
C) organizational success and position power
D) task structure and leader- member relations

Question 53

According to the Ohio State studies, the dimension of leader behavior that is defined as the extent to which a leader had job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings is called .

A) cultural
B) physical
C) initiation
D) consideration

Question 54

The style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.

A) cultural
B) laissez- faire
C) democratic
D) autocratic

Question 55

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit?

A) laissez- faire style
B) cultural style
C) autocratic style
D) democratic style

Question 56

The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles except .

A) autocratic
B) democratic
C) accommodating
D) laissez- faire

Question 57

Which of the eight traits associated with leadership requires leaders to have a high degree of knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters?

A) desire to lead
B) job- relevant knowledge
C) self- confidence
D) extraversion

Question 58

The model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence.

A) Path Goal
B) Leader participation
C) Fiedler contingency
D) Situational leadership

Question 59

In the University of Iowa behavioral studies, group members' satisfaction levels were generally .

A) higher under an autocratic leader in the long run
B) maintained when the leader was autocratic in the short run
C) improved when the leader was considerate of the outcomes
D) higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one

Question 60

According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment?

A) initiating structure
B) intelligence structure
C) psychological structure
D) consideration structure

Question 61

Who developed path- goal theory?

A) Blake and Mouton
B) House
C) Lewin
D) Fiedler

Question 62

Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior?

A) selling
B) delegating
C) telling
D) participating

Question 63

The main role of the leader is to facilitate and communicate in which of the following leadership styles?

A) delegating
B) participating
C) selling
D) telling

Question 64

Path- goal theory identifies two classes of contingency variables that moderate the leadership- behavior outcome as .

A) environment and personal characteristics of followers
B) path and goal
C) tact and relationship
D) people and history

Question 65

is derived from the belief that effective leaders clarify the path to help their followers get from where they are to the achievement of their work goals and make the journey along the path easier by reducing roadblocks and pitfalls.

A) Contingency Theory
B) Fiedler's Theory
C) Path Goal Theory
D) Leader Participation Model

Question 66

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was .

A) dimensional
B) contingent
C) relative
D) fixed

Question 67

Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "personal characteristics of the follower"?

A) employee satisfaction
B) performance
C) formal authority system
D) locus of control

Question 68

According to path- goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed .

A) supportive
B) achievement oriented
C) directive
D) participative

Question 69

Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support?

A) telling
B) participating
C) selling
D) delegating

Question 70

According to Hersey and Blanchard, a high task- low relationship situation calls for the leadership style.

A) delegating
B) selling
C) participating
D) telling

Question 71

Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environmental factors"?

A) perceived ability
B) locus of control and experience
C) employee satisfaction
D) task structure and formal authority system

Question 72

The theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness.

A) passive leadership
B) active leadership
C) consideration leadership
D) situational leadership

Question 73

According to path- goal theory, a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed .

A) supportive
B) achievement oriented
C) participative
D) directive

Question 74

Reviews of the major studies undertaken to test the overall validity of Fiedler's model have shown .

A) minor evidence to support the model
B) considerable evidence to support the model
C) considerable evidence to refute the model
D) minor evidence to refute the model

Question 75

According to the path- goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is within a work group.

A) cohesiveness
B) internal locus of control
C) substantial conflict
D) high structure

Question 76

The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and procedurized is the contingency dimension according to Fiedler.

A) position power
B) task structure
C) centralization
D) subordinate maturity

Question 77

According to path- goal theory, a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions exhibits what type of leadership behavior?

A) directive
B) participative
C) supportive
D) achievement oriented

Question 78

A leader who sets challenging goals and expects very high performance levels from subordinates is classified as what type of leader, according to path- goal theory?

A) democratic
B) achievement oriented
C) supportive
D) participative

Question 79

Fiedler's dimension termed ' ' is the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates had for their leader.

A) leader- member relations
B) power relationship
C) authority
D) task structure

Question 80

Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses that have evolved from the path- goal theory?

A) The clearer and more bureaucratic the formal authority relationships, the more leaders should exhibit supportive behavior and deemphasize directive behavior.
B) Subordinates with an external locus of control will be less satisfied with a directive style.
C) Supportive leadership results in high employee performance and satisfaction when subordinates are performing structured tasks.
D) Directive leadership is likely to be perceived as redundant among subordinates with high perceived ability or with considerable experience.