Deck 10: Self As Constructor

Question 1

What is Gestalt psychology's most famous assertion?

A) The sum is greater than the whole of its parts.
B) The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
C) The sum and the whole are equal.
D) The whole and the sum are unequal.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Ellis's pivotal concept in his personality theory, which he defined as absolutistic demands for perfection, is called

A) brain washing.
B) intrapsychic conflicts.
C) irrational (nutty) beliefs.
D) Both A and C

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the therapeutic approach developed by Rogers?

A) Client-centered approach
B) Cognitive-psychology approach
C) Constructive approach
D) Social-biology approach

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Ellis is famous for

A) ABC (Activating Event, Belief, Consequences).
B) REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy).
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Question 5

Assimilation and accommodation balance each other to achieve a steady state known as

A) adaptation.
B) conservation.
C) equilibration.
D) circumspection.

Question 6

Which psychoanalyst influenced a young Carl Rogers?

A) Anna Freud
B) Klein
C) Mahler
D) Rank

Question 7

Epistemology is the study of

A) what there is in common among several different actions.
B) combinations of simple patterns.
C) how we think about what we know.
D) the goal-oriented nature of development.

Question 8

Gestalt psychology can be defined as

A) cousin of zeitgeist therapy.
B) the creation of Gestalt after having been through WWII.
C) a perspective that emphasizes patterns, configurations, and wholeness as opposed to a reductionistic focus on basic elements or essential ingredients.
D) None of the above

Question 9

This process is taking places when a baby learns to suck its thumb.

A) Accommodation
B) Adaptation
C) Assimilation
D) Both A and C

Question 10

Piaget described simple pleasurable behaviors that infants repeat over and over such as sucking their thumbs, shaking rattles, or repeating simple sounds as

A) circular reactions.
B) epistemology.
C) Gestalt psychology.
D) complex patterns.

Question 11

Piaget's "teleonomic" can be described as

A) forward-leaning.
B) goal-oriented.
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 12

Which concept encompasses what is common among several different and analogous actions?

A) Structure
B) Pattern
C) Scheme
D) System

Question 13

What paradigm portrays humans as meaning making creatures actively involved in the construction of their experiences?

A) Humanism
B) Constructivism
C) Socialism
D) Dynamism

Question 14

A child who believes that her teddy bear really is hurt when mommy accidentally sits on it would be in which of Piaget's periods?

A) Sensorimotor
B) Preconceptual
C) Concrete operations
D) Formal operations

Question 15

Like Rogers, tried to understand children from the inside-out.

A) Piaget
B) Freud
C) Ellis
D) Kelly

Question 16

The process by which assimilation and accommodation balance each other is known as

A) disequilibrium.
B) equilibration.
C) adaptation.
D) teleonomic.

Question 17

Someone who agrees with Kelly believes in

A) the Creativity Cycle.
B) the C-P-C Cycle.
C) corollaries.
D) All of the above

Question 18

The ability to retain a mental image of an object when it is not directly in one's vision is known as

A) object imaging.
B) object permanence.
C) object retention.
D) symbolic play.

Question 19

According to Piaget, schemes combine to form patterns, which combine to form structures, which combine to form systems which combine to form

A) cognitive constructions.
B) the final self.
C) personality.
D) character.

Question 20

Piaget's scheme can be defined as

A) what there is in common among several different and analogous actions.
B) combinations of simple patterns that are not simply additive but involve a new configuration.
C) a distinctive pattern which presents the laws or properties of a totality seen as a system.
D) an interdependent group of structures forming a unified whole.

Question 21

A constructionist views a person as

A) a biological bag of chemicals.
B) a collage of dispositions and traits.
C) a cauldron of conflicting forces.
D) an active agent.

Question 22

Kelly's therapy is called , while Ellis's therapy is called .

A) Fixed-Role Therapy; Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
B) Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy; Fixed-Role Therapy
C) Role Construct Repertory Therapy; Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
D) Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy; Role Construct Repertory Therapy

Question 23

What is the branch of philosophy that studies the sources and logic of knowledge?

A) Gestalt psychology
B) Epistemology
C) Schemes
D) Existentialism

Question 24

Piaget described early development in terms of

A) psychosocial stages.
B) circular reactions.
C) biological stages.
D) constructs.

Question 25

Judy gets mad at her mother for not allowing her to eat candy in the store. She then starts to imagine that her mother is dead and on the way home they have a minor accident. Judy thinks that by thinking about it, she has caused her mother injury. This is called

A) wishful thinking.
B) revengeful thinking.
C) magical thinking.
D) animistic thinking.

Question 26

Constructivism is

A) a paradigm that portrays humans as meaning-making creatures, actively involved in the construction of their experience.
B) the belief system of post-modern writers.
C) constructs invented by Freud and Erikson.
D) a paradigm that takes emotions out of experience.

Question 27

What is the word used to describe the goal-oriented nature of development?

A) Adaptation
B) Equilibrium
C) Disequilibrium
D) Teleonomic

Question 28

A construct that covers a broad range of meanings and that tends to become blurry or indistinct is known as

A) tight.
B) preverbal.
C) superordinate.
D) loose.

Question 29

A person who is very self-conscious and has the capacity for propositional reasoning and abstraction is most likely in which period of life?

A) Late childhood
B) Early childhood
C) Adolescence
D) Infancy

Question 30

If someone allows their constructs to be open to experience they are demonstrating which capacity?

A) Permeability
B) Understanding
C) Openness
D) Transparency

Question 31

Someone who thinks that they must be successful or they are worthless is demonstrating what Albert Ellis would call a(n)

A) irrational belief.
B) cognitive belief.
C) reasonable belief.
D) unreasonable belief.

Question 32

Assimilation is

A) remodifying behavior.
B) "taking in" the surrounding environment.
C) simulating life experiences.
D) None of the above

Question 33

Kelly, Ellis, and Piaget were all considered

A) Behaviorists.
B) Humanists.
C) Existentialists.
D) Constructivists.

Question 34

According to Piaget accommodation is

A) remodification of a behavior as a result of experience.
B) helping someone with a difficult emotional experience.
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Question 35

In contrast to Freud's anatomy-is-destiny theories, Piaget emphasized

A) dispositions and traits.
B) self-construction.
C) conflicting forces.
D) social-construction.

Question 36

When an infant is shown a stimulus until they no longer respond with eye contact and accompanying signs of curiosity or excitement, they are demonstrating what response?

A) Curiosity
B) Habituation
C) Inhibituation
D) Animism

Question 37

If your therapist asks you to be a person with different qualities than your won, behaving in unprecedented ways, your therapist might be attempting this type of therapy.

A) Fixed-role
B) International appeal
C) Rational-Emotive behavior
D) Circumspection

Question 38

Who has had the greatest heuristic influence on developmental psychology of any theorist?

A) Ellis
B) Kelly
C) Piaget
D) Freud

Question 39

When a baby fails to differentiate between self and the environment, she/he is displaying

A) selfishness.
B) egocentrism.
C) an oblivious state of mind.
D) stupidity.