Deck 15: Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

On his last exam,Dennis answered 44 questions correctly out of 50 possible.What percentage of the questions did Dennis answer correctly?

A)44
B)64
C)88
D)94

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Danny's teacher assigns grades as follows:
90% and over: A
80% to 89%: B
70% to 79%: C
69% or below: D
Danny answers 41 questions correctly out of 50 possible.What is Danny's grade?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Three groups of individuals each see an ad (labeled Ad1,Ad2,and Ad3 below).Consider the responses (shown below)to a question that asks whether a respondent was positive or negative toward the ad viewed. $\begin{array}{llr}\hline \text { Response Options } & \text { Ad 1 } & \text { Ad 2 } & \text { Ad } 3 \\\hline\\\text { Strong positive (1) } & 20\% & 50\%&5\% \\\text { Slight positive ~}(2) & 20 & 0&15 \\\text { Neutral ~~~~~~~~~~~~~} (3) & 20&0&60 \\\text { Slight negative ~}(4) & 20 & 0 &15\\\text { Strong negative }(5) & 20 & 50&5\\\\\text { Mean } & 3.0 & 3.0 & 3.0 \\\hline\end{array}$
The mean on this measure for all three commercials is the same.This means that the standard deviation for all three commercials is also the same.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The ________ is the number that appears in the middle of an ordered set of data.

A)median
B)mode
C)standard score

Question 5

Fifty individuals responded to a survey.The percentage of men and women is shown below. $$\begin{array} { l r } \hline \text { Gender } & \text { Percent of } \mathrm { R } \\\hline \text { Male } & 90\% \\\text { Female } & 10 \%\end{array}$$ How many survey respondents were men?

A)10
B)35
C)45
D)90

Question 6

Which of the measures shown below is most sensitive to extreme values?

A)Mean
B)Median
C)Mode

Question 7

Eleven individuals respond to a survey question.They are asked to rate commercial relevance on a scale of 1 to 5.Their responses are: 2,3,5,4,2,4,2,2,1,1,2.The median in this set of scores is ________.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 8

Francis has taken two exams in her advertising class.Both exams consisted of 100 questions.On the first exam,Francis answered 57 questions correctly.On the second exam,she answered 93 questions correctly.What is Francis' overall average?

A)70
B)75
C)93
D)150

Question 9

Tom is trying to summarize the housing values in his neighborhood.There are ten houses in total which fall into the following value ranges: $$\begin{array} { lc } \hline \text { Value } & \text { Number of Houses } \\\hline \$ 200,000 \text { to } \$ 300,000 & 1 \\\$ 700,000 \text { to } \$ 800,000 & 3 \\\$ 800,001 \text { to } \$ 850,000 & 5 \\\text { Over } \$ 5,000,000 & 1\\\hline\end{array}$$ Which summary measure is most appropriate to summarize this data?

A)mean
B)median or mode

Question 10

The mean and mode,versus an average,are better descriptors of a distribution when ________.

A)the sample is not randomly selected.
B)the survey question has fewer than five options.
C)there are over 2,000 respondents in the sample.
D)the distribution is highly skewed.

Question 11

On his last exam,Dennis missed 12 questions out of 50 possible.What percentage of the questions did Dennis answer correctly?

A)24
B)62
C)72
D)76

Question 12

Consider the survey question shown below. Thinking back to the commercial you just saw, how relevant or not relevant would you say the commercial's message was? Hould you say that it was ..
$\begin{array} { l l } \text { Extremely relevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(1) } \\ \text { Somewhat relevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(2) } \\ \text { Somewhat irrelevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(3) } \\ \text { Extremely irrelevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(4) } \end{array}$
One hundred people answer the question after seeing Commercial A and a different 100 people answer this question after seeing Commercial B.The average relevance for Commercial A was 3.0 and the average relevance for Commercial B was 3.0.
This means that the percentage of individuals selecting "Extremely relevant" was identical for the two commercials.

Question 13

A ________ distribution results in the same value for the mean,median and mode.

A)symmetrical
B)left-skewed
C)right-skewed

Question 14

The ________ is a measure of a set of scores' dispersion.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)standard deviation

Question 15

Eleven individuals respond to a survey question.They are asked to rate commercial relevance on a scale of 1 to 5.Their responses are: 1,3,1,4,2,4,1,2,1,1,2.The mode in this set of scores is ________.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 16

The data below shows the distribution of men and women responding to a survey. $$\begin{array} { l c } \hline \text { Gender } & \text { Number of Respondents } \\\hline \text { Male } & 33 \\\text { Female } & 17 \\\hline\end{array}$$ What percentage of the respondents were women?

A)17
B)33
C)34
D)66

Question 17

A ________ distribution results in a median and mean higher than the mode.

A)symmetrical
B)left-skewed
C)right-skewed

Question 18

Consider the responses to a question measuring commercial believability (shown below). $$\begin{array} { l c c } \hline \text { Response Options } & \text { Value } & \text { Number of Respondents } \\\hline \text { Extremely believable } & 1 & 1 \\\text { Somewhat believable } & 2 & 2 \\\text { Somewhat unbelievable } & 3 & 5 \\\text { Extremely unbelievable } & 4 & 2\\\hline\end{array}$$ What is the average believability rating?

A)1.5
B)2.5
C)2.8
D)28.0

Question 19

The ________ is the number in a set of scores that appears most often.

A)median
B)mode
C)standard score

Question 20

The following question was asked on an advertising test: Thinking back to the commercial you just saw, how relevant or not relevant would you say the commercial's message was? Hould you say that it was ..
$\begin{array} { l l } \text { Extremely relevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_\_\_ (1) } \\ \text { Somewhat relevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_\_\_ (2) } \\ \text { Somewhat irrelevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_\_\_ (3) } \\ \text { Extremely irrelevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_\_\_ (4) } \end{array}$ Ten people answer this question with the following responses: 1,2,3,2,3,3,2,1,5,5.What is the average relevance rating?

A)2.0
B)2.7
C)10.0
D)27.0

Question 21

The table below shows the responses to a ranking question. $$\begin{array} { l c c c } \hline \text { Ranking Level } & \text { Verizon } & \text { Sprint } & \text { T-Mobile } \\\hline 1 & ?\% & 20\% & 4\% \\2 & 16 & 48 & 36 \\3 & 8 & 32 & 60\end{array}$$ What percentage should replace the question mark?

A)6
B)66
C)76
D)cannot be determined from the data provided

Question 22

There are three patterns of response for a series of checklist items.A respondent can check: (1)all positive items,(2)all negative items,or (3)a mix of both positive and negative items.

Question 23

You are examining the pattern of response on a survey prior to data analysis.The examination of the data on the question level should be followed by a review of each individual respondent's pattern of response.

Question 24

Consider the data shown in the table below.The table shows responses to a classification question. $\begin{array}{lc}\hline\text { Demographic } \\\text { Characteristic } & \text { Number of Respondents }\\\hline\text { Current educational status }\\~~\text { Not enrolled in any school } & 55 \\~~\text { Enrolled in high school } & 125 \\~~\text { Enrolled as college undergraduate } & 275 \\~~\text { Enrolled for advanced degree } & 45\end{array}$ What percent of the sample is not enrolled in any school?

A)9%
B)11%
C)55%
D)cannot be calculated from the data shown

Question 25

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for ordinal level measures?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine ordinal level measures

Question 26

An initial review of data quality entails examining the percentage distribution for each question to see if there is anything "odd" in the pattern of response.

Question 27

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for ranking questions?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine responses to ranking questions

Question 28

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for nominal level measures?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine nominal level measures

Question 29

Two commercials are tested.Commercial A uses a five-point scale to measure believability while Commercial B uses a seven-point scale to measure believability.The different number of scale options prevents a comparison of the two scales' standard deviations.

Question 30

Three groups of individuals each see an ad (labeled Ad1,Ad2,and Ad3 below).Consider the responses (shown below)to a question that asks whether a respondent was positive or negative toward the ad viewed.. $\begin{array}{llr}\hline \text { Response Options } & \text { Ad 1 } & \text { Ad 2 } & \text { Ad } 3 \\\hline\\\text { Strong positive (1) } & 20\% & 50\%&5\% \\\text { Slight positive ~}(2) & 20 & 0&15 \\\text { Neutral ~~~~~~~~~~~~~} (3) & 20&0&60 \\\text { Slight negative ~}(4) & 20 & 0 &15\\\text { Strong negative }(5) & 20 & 50&5\\\\\text { Mean } & 3.0 & 3.0 & 3.0 \\\hline\end{array}$ Which commercial,if any,will have the largest standard deviation?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)The standard deviation for all three commercials will be the same.

Question 31

You are examining the patterns of response on a survey prior to data analysis.As a general rule of thumb,you should closely examine any question that has a relatively low overall completion rate.

Question 32

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for checklist questions?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine checklist data

Question 33

After examining each individual's responses to a survey,you find that one respondent has failed to answer most of the questions.What is your best course of action?

A)Substitute the mean response on each question for the missing data
B)Recontact the respondent and obtain the missing information
C)Eliminate the respondent from the sample

Question 34

Consider the survey question shown below. Thinking back to the commercial you just saw, how relevant or not relevant would you say the commercial's message was? Hould you say that it was ..
$\begin{array} { l l } \text { Extremely relevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(1) } \\ \text { Somewhat relevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(2) } \\ \text { Somewhat irrelevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(3) } \\ \text { Extremely irrelevant } & \text { \_\_\_\_(4) } \end{array}$
One hundred people answer the question after seeing Commercial A and a different 100 people answer this question after seeing Commercial B.The mean response on this measure for both commercials is 2.3.The standard deviation for Commercial A is 1.1 and the standard deviation for Commercial B is 1.9.
This means that dispersal of scores for Commercial B is larger than the dispersal of scores for Commercial A.

Question 35

A key component of the formula used to compute standard deviation is the subtraction of the overall mean from each individual score.

Question 36

At the end of your survey,you ask a classification question regarding respondent gender.The response options are "male (coded 1)" and "female (coded 2)." Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for this question?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine responses to this question

Question 37

Consider the data shown in the table below.The table shows responses to a checklist question. $$\begin{array} { l c } \hline \text { Statement } & \text { Number of Respondents } \\\hline \text { Valuable } & 145 \\\text { Informative } & 33 \\\text { Distracting } & 227 \\\text { Annoying } & 359 \\\text { Interesting } & 57 \\\text { Intrusive } & 26 \\\\\mathbf { Total~ respondents } & \mathbf {500}\end{array}$$ What percent of the respondents found the commercial valuable?

A)29%
B)49%
C)145%
D)cannot be determined from the data provided

Question 38

You are examining the patterns of response on a survey prior to data analysis.You find one question where 100% of the respondents indicated that they "strongly agreed" that the commercial just viewed was entertaining.Since this is a positive finding,no further examination of the responses to this question is necessary.

Question 39

Consider the data shown in the table below.The table shows responses to a classification question. $\begin{array}{lc}\hline\text { Demographic } \\\text { Characteristic } & \text { Number of Respondents }\\\hline\text { Current educational status }\\~~\text { Not enrolled in any school } & 55 \\~~\text { Enrolled in high school } & 125 \\~~\text { Enrolled as college undergraduate } & 275 \\~~\text { Enrolled for advanced degree } & 45\end{array}$ What percent of the sample is currently enrolled in college at the undergraduate or advanced degree level?

A)45%
B)64%
C)320%
D)cannot be calculated from the data shown

Question 40

The first step in preparing data for analysis is to compute the mean for each appropriate measure.

Question 41

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for interval level measures?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine interval level measures

Question 42

Why is it important to examine the data prior to starting formal data analysis?

Question 43

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for rating scales?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine responses to a rating scale

Question 44

Below are responses to six checklist questions.An "x" indicates an item was checked.Directions to the respondent said "Check all items that complete this sentence for you: The commercial made me feel …"
The first three items are considered negative,the second three items are considered positive.

What percentage of respondents expressed some opinion about the commercial?

Question 45

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for ratio level measures?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine responses to ratio level measures

Question 46

Think about a constant sum question.When determining the average number of points allocated to a particular object,you divide the total number of points given to that object (by all respondents)by the number of respondents answering the question.

A)True
B)False

Question 47

The data below shows ratings after viewing a commercial.All measures are measured on a scale of "1" being the most positive to "5" being the least positive.

What percent of the sample found the commercial to be both Believable and Relevant?

Question 48

An advertiser conducts a taste test of Cherry Coke versus Cherry Pepsi and Dr.Pepper.Ten respondents rate Coke and another ten rate Pepsi and another 10 rate Dr.Pepper.The scale used is:
Excellent taste (1)
Good taste (2)
Neither good nor bad taste (3)
Poor taste (4)
Very poor taste (5)
The ratings are shown below.

Denny,the researcher,concludes that reactions to Cherry Pepsi and Dr.Pepper are identical.Is this conclusion correct? Why?

Question 49

Below are responses to six checklist questions.An "x" indicates an item was checked.Directions to the respondent said "Check all items that complete this sentence for you: The commercial made me feel …"
The first three items are considered negative,the second three items are considered positive.

What percentage of respondents expressed some negative sentiment toward the commercial?

Question 50

The following two statements refer to subgroup analysis.
I.Subgroup analyses are not necessary when the overall research findings
Are positive or reinforce pre-existing beliefs.
II.An analysis of subgroup data often provides deeper insights into data trends.
Which,if any,of these statements is (are)true?

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II are both true
D)Neither I nor II is true

Question 51

Which of the following descriptive statistics is (are)appropriate for constant sum questions?

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviation
D)all three are appropriate ways to examine responses to a constant sum

Question 52

Consider the ranking data shown in the table below. $$\begin{array} { c c c c } \hline \text { Ranking Level } & \text { Verizon } & \text { Sprint } & \text { T-Mobile } \\\hline 1 & 66\% & 30\% & 4\% \\2 & 26 & 38 & 36 \\3 & 8 & 32 & 60 \\\mathbf { Total ~Percentages } & \mathbf { 100\%} & \mathbf { 100\% }& \mathbf { 100\%}\end{array}$$ What is the "net best ranking" for Sprint?

A)-30%
B)-2%
C)2%
D)30%

Question 53

When presenting rating scale data,it is never permissible to combine several response options,that is,to create a new category "agree" composed of those who "strongly agree" and "slightly agree."