Deck 8: Hallucinogens

Question 1

Based on your knowledge of its actions,you might suspect that atropine is of use in surgery because of its ability to:

A) constrict pupils.
B) decrease blood pressure.
C) sharpen vision.
D) decrease salivation.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Psilocybin affects the neurotransmitter:

A) serotonin
B) norepinephrine
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Answer 2

A

Question 3

LSD affects the neurotransmitter:

A) serotonin.
B) norepinephrine.
C) dopamine.
D) acetylcholine.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The monoaminergic psychedelics have major effects on the following neurotransmitters:

A) serotonin and GABA.
B) neurotransmitter and glutamate.
C) dopamine and acetylcholine.
D) serotonin and dopamine.

Question 5

Based on your basic knowledge of the nervous system,you would conclude that anticholinergics affect pupil size via the _____ nervous system.

A) skeletal
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) central

Question 6

The anticholinergics ______ sensory perception and ______ memory,respectively.

A) expand; facilitate
B) expand; impair
C) cloud; facilitate
D) cloud; impair

Question 7

At the synaptic level,scopolamine acts as a(n):

A) antagonist.
B) agonist.
C) reuptake blocker.
D) enzyme inhibitor.

Question 8

While working with scopolamine,Anuradha ignored lab safety protocols and brought coffee to her workstation.She accidently dropped a very small amount into her coffee resulting in subsequent ingestion of scopolamine.One would expect her to experience which of the central nervous system effects?

A) dilated pupils
B) intense anxiety
C) hypertension
D) tachycardia

Question 9

In healthy subjects,mescaline produces an acute psychomimetic effect in about ______ hours.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 10

Question 10

The major categories of psychedelic drugs include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) monoaminergic.
B) glutaminergic NMDA receptor antagonists.
C) anticholinergic.
D) opiod mu receptor agonists.

Question 11

Topical application of scopolamine to the:

A) skin causes a rash.
B) eyes causes pupillary dilation.
C) eyes causes pupillary constriction.
D) face relieves inflammation.

Question 12

The anticholinergic psychedelics _____ pupil size and _____ heart rate,respectively.

A) increase; increase
B) decrease; decrease
C) increase; decrease
D) decrease; increase

Question 13

The typical hallucination produced by mescaline is

A) auditory.
B) tactile.
C) olfactory.
D) visual.

Question 14

All of the following are catecholaminelike psychedelics,EXCEPT:

A) MDA.
B) MDE.
C) MDMA.
D) NMDA.

Question 15

As a pharmacologist developing a drug to reduce the effects of scopolamine,your most likely candidate is:

A) a serotonin agonist.
B) a serotonin antagonist.
C) an acetylcholine agonist.
D) an acetylcholine antagonist.

Question 16

MDMA (ecstasy):

A) is more potent than LSD.
B) is a metabolite of MDA.
C) is a potent and selective dopamine neurotoxin.
D) potently increases body temperature.

Question 17

The catecholaminelike psychedelics are best described as:

A) hallucinogens.
B) stimulants.
C) dissociative anesthetics.
D) psychostimulant hallucinogens.

Question 18

The neurotransmitter affected by the psychedelic scopolamine is:

A) acetylcholine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) dopamine.
D) glutamate.

Question 19

Scopolamine affects __________ receptors.

A) nicotinic
B) serotonergic
C) kappa
D) muscarinic

Question 20

Medically,scopolamine is commonly used to treat:

A) attention deficits.
B) delirium.
C) drowsiness.
D) motion-sickness.

Question 21

Psilocybin is __________ potent than LSD and the effects generally peak in about __________ hours.

A) more; 2
B) more; 6
C) less; 2
D) less; 6

Question 22

DMT,or dimethyltryptamine,produces effects most like:

A) LSD.
B) mescaline.
C) PCP.
D) NMDA.

Question 23

Myristicin and elemicin induce effects that are most similar to the psychedelic:

A) PCP.
B) mescaline.
C) scopolamine.
D) LSD.

Question 24

LSD is perceived to ________ time and ________sensory perception,respectively:

A) slow; enhance
B) slow; impair
C) accelerate; enhance
D) accelerate; impair

Question 25

The _____ phase of the LSD experience is generally associated with the potential for a "bad trip."

A) sensory
B) perceptual
C) psychic
D) physiological

Question 26

The psychedelic effects of angel dust are a result of action on the neurotransmitter:

A) dopamine.
B) acetylcholine.
C) serotonin.
D) glutamate.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true concerning the chronic use of LSD?

A) Both tolerance to and physical dependence develops.
B) Neither tolerance to nor physical dependence develops.
C) Tolerance,but not physical dependence,develops.
D) Physical dependence,but not tolerance,develops.

Question 28

The street name angel dust refers to the psychedelic:

A) LSD.
B) MDMA.
C) mescaline.
D) phencyclidine.

Question 29

Evidence suggests that serotonin psychedelics appear to generally affect ______ receptors.

A) 5-HT₂
B) 5-HT₃
C) 5-HT₄
D) 5-HT₈

Question 30

_______ is a naturally occurring substance derived from morning glory seeds and used in Central and South America.

A) LSD
B) Ololiuqui
C) Harmine
D) Psilocybin

Question 31

Psilocybin and psilocin have their major effect on the _____ neurotransmitter.

A) acetylcholine
B) norepinephrine
C) dopamine
D) serotonin

Question 32

_______ is a psychedelic derived from the seeds of a plant found in the Middle East known as Peganum harmala.

A) LSD
B) Ololiuquis
C) Harmine
D) Psilocybin

Question 33

PCP and ketamine can be described as:

A) hallucinogens.
B) stimulants.
C) dissociative anesthetics.
D) psychostimulant hallucinogens.

Question 34

MDMA (ecstasy):

A) stimulates release of oxytocin.
B) is a metabolite of DMA.
C) is a potent and selective serotonin neurotoxin.
D) has been shown to shrink amygdala volume.

Question 35

The psychedelic whose action does not involve serotoninergic neurons is:

A) ecstasy.
B) mescaline.
C) angel dust.
D) psilocybin.

Question 36

Psilocybin is:

A) converted into psilocin.
B) converted into LSD.
C) produced from psilocin.
D) produced from DMT.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true concerning the chronic use of LSD?

A) Both tolerance and cross-tolerance to the psychedelics develop.
B) Neither tolerance nor cross-tolerance to the psychedelics develops.
C) Tolerance,but not cross-tolerance to other psychedelics,develops.
D) Cross-tolerance to the psychedelics,but not tolerance,develops.

Question 38

The psychedelic presently used in veterinary medicine as an anesthetic is most closely related to:

A) LSD.
B) mescaline.
C) atropine.
D) PCP.

Question 39

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder refers to:

A) tolerance to psychedelics.
B) the type of hallucinations produced by LSD.
C) perceptual distortions produced by LSD.
D) flashbacks.

Question 40

LSD generally acts in the system for about ______ hours.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 6
D) 30

Question 41

The psychedelic producing overt intoxicating effects likened to ethanol is:

A) LSD.
B) mescaline.
C) scopolamine.
D) PCP.

Question 42

PCP acts at the following receptor:

A) norepinephrine.
B) NMDA.
C) serotonin.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 43

As a pharmacologist developing a drug to reduce the effects of PCP,your most likely candidate is a:

A) serotonin agonist.
B) serotonin antagonist.
C) glutamate agonist.
D) glutamate antagonist.

Question 44

The psychedelic concomitantly producing intense analgesia is:

A) LSD.
B) mescaline.
C) scopolamine.
D) PCP.

Question 45

PCP and ketamine:

A) block NMDA receptors and activate descending analgesic pathways.
B) activate NMDA receptors and block ascending analgesic pathways.
C) block dopamine receptors and activate ascending analgesic pathways.
D) activate dopamine receptors and block descending analgesic pathways.

Question 46

Tolerance to LSD does not develop.

Question 47

Recent evidence suggests that ketamine acts as a noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor.As such,it most closely resembles the action of the psychedelic:

A) ecstasy.
B) mescaline.
C) scopolamine.
D) angel dust.

Question 48

PCP induces:

A) intoxication and elevated blood pressure.
B) intoxication and depressed respiration.
C) a nonpsychotic state in normal subjects but exacerbates psychotic symptoms.
D) a nonpsychotic state in normal subjects and does not exacerbate psychotic symptoms.

Question 49

At low doses,scopolamine expands sensory perception.

Question 50

The psychedelic ketamine acts via the following mechanism:

A) reuptake blockade.
B) competitive receptor blockade.
C) noncompetitive receptor blockade.
D) enzyme inhibition.

Question 51

Chronic MDMA use may impact memory by shrinking the hippocampus.

Question 52

There is no evidence that MDMA (ecstasy)is neurotoxic.

Question 53

Salvinorin A is a unique hallucinogen in that it acts on:

A) both serotonin and opiate receptors.
B) mu opiate receptors,but not serotonin receptors.
C) kappa opiate receptors,but not serotonin receptors.
D) neither opiate nor serotonin receptors.

Question 54

MDMA has been shown to be a selective serotonin neurotoxin.

Question 55

The psychedelic properties of the catecholaminelike psychedelics result from action on acetylcholine receptors.

Question 56

Physical dependence on LSD does not develop.

Question 57

Serotoninlike psychedelics may produce their hallucinogenic effects in the brain by acting on the locus coeruleus.

Question 58

LSD possesses a high level of toxicity.

Question 59

It is well known that tolerance develops rapidly for MDMA users.

Question 60

Martin is a regular LSD user.If he were to try DMT (dimethyltryptamine),he might find the effects of the drug are blunted due to cross-tolerance.

Question 61

PCP produces marked amnesia.

Question 62

Ketamine (Ketalar)affects the neurotransmitter:

A) serotonin.
B) glutamate.
C) dopamine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 63

Barry recently took a hit of LSD.Immediately afterward he experiences sympathomimetic effects such as an elevation of body temperature and dilation of his pupils.He is most likely in the __________ phase of the LSD experience.

A) sensory
B) perceptual
C) psychic
D) somatic

Question 64

Phencyclidine (PCP)and ketamine produce less respiratory depression than other surgical anesthetics.

Question 65

Salvinorin A is a(n):

A) cholinergic anatagonist.
B) serotonin agonist.
C) glutamatergic NMDA antagonist.
D) opiod kappa agonist.

Question 66

The usual effective dose for LSD is on the order of:

A) 2 micrograms.
B) 50 milligrams.
C) 50 micrograms.
D) 50 grams.

Question 67

Mescaline structural resembles:

A) dopamine.
B) serotonin.
C) norepinephrine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 68

The NMDA receptor has been linked to schizophrenia.

Question 69

The effects of MDMA on __________ are controversial and have not been confirmed

A) emotion
B) memory
C) depression
D) body temperature

Question 70

Atropa belladonna is also known as:

A) Jamestown weed
B) mandrake
C) moonflower
D) deadly nightshade

Question 71

PCP and ketamine do not appear to act on 5-HT neurons.

Question 72

PCP is still used in veterinary medicine.

Question 73

Lucas is 4 years old and must undergo a surgical procedure.In this case,the anesthetic of choice would be ketamine.

Question 74

Piperazine was originally developed as a(n)__________ drug.

A) antibipolar
B) anxiolytic
C) anticonvulsant
D) antihelminthic

Question 75

MDMA use is commonly associated with reports of:

A) hypothermia.
B) empathy.
C) anger.
D) depression.

Question 76

The short-acting effects of _____have earned it the nickname lunch-hour drug.

A) LSD
B) MDMA
C) DMT
D) MDA

Question 77

At low doses,MDMA is ___________ while at high doses it produces __________ pharmacological effects.

A) hallucinogenic; anxiolytic
B) hallucinogenic; amphetaminelike
C) amphetaminelike; hallucinogenic
D) anxiolytic; hallucinogenic

Question 78

PCP and ketamine do not act on either acetylcholine or dopamine neurons.

Question 79

DMT affects the neurotransmitter:

A) serotonin.
B) norepinephrine.
C) dopamine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 80

______ is considered the prototypical anticholinergic drug possessing psychedelic properties.

A) Atropine
B) L-hyocyamine
C) Scopalamine
D) Mescaline