Deck 11: Antipsychotic Drugs: Major Tranquilizers to Thymic Stabilizers

Question 1

Hallucinogenic drugs act as agonists at _____ receptors suggesting that hallucinations associated with schizophrenia may involve this neurotransmitter.

A) serotonin-2 (5-HT₂)
B) dopamine-2 (D₂)
C) dopamine-1 (D₁)
D) NMDA

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Phenothiazines were initially developed as:

A) diet drugs.
B) sedatives.
C) antihistamines.
D) neuroleptics.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Phenothiazines are in the class of antipsychotics known as:

A) first-generation neuroleptics.
B) second-generation neuroleptics.
C) atypical antipsychotics.
D) second-generation antipsychotics.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The remarkable decline in the number of schizophrenic patients forced to reside in mental hospitals began during the:

A) 1890s.
B) 1930s.
C) 1950s.
D) 1990s.

Question 5

Haloperidol (Haldol)is an example of a(n)________ drug.

A) second-generation neuroleptic
B) antipsychotic
C) atypical neuroleptic
D) first-generation neuroleptic

Question 6

The distinguishing characteristic between "neuroleptic" antipsychotics and "atypical" antipsychotics is:

A) neuroleptics produce a calming effect; atypical antipsychotics don't.
B) neuroleptics affect only positive symptoms; atypical antipsychotics only affect negative symptoms.
C) neuroleptics affect mostly negative symptoms; atypical antipsychotics affect both positive and negative symptoms.
D) neuroleptics produce marked extrapyramidal side effects; atypical antipsychotics don't.

Question 7

Spencer developed schizophrenia as a teenager in the late 1960s.At that time,he would likely have been given _____ as his course of treatment.

A) haloperidol (Haldol)
B) clozapine (Clozaril)
C) droperidol (Inapsine)
D) chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Question 8

The classical antipsychotic drugs produce side effects resembling _____ disease.

A) Huntington's
B) Alzheimer's
C) Parkinson's
D) Addison's

Question 9

The major side effect of the classic antipsychotics suggest that schizophrenia results from _____ of the _____ system.

A) underactivity; serotonergic
B) overactivity; serotonergic
C) underactivity; dopaminergic
D) overactivity; dopaminergic

Question 10

The percent of the world's population suffering from schizophrenia is _____ percent.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20

Question 11

Blockade of ______ receptors is associated with extrapyramidal side effects of classical antipsychotic drugs; blockade of _______ receptors is associated with the efficacy of classical antipsychotic drugs.

A) dopamine-1; dopamine-2
B) dopamine-2; dopamine-1
C) dopamine-1; dopamine-1
D) dopamine-2; dopamine-2

Question 12

The first second generation antipsychotic developed was _____ which produced few motor side effects.

A) haloperidol (Haldol)
B) clozapine (Clozaril)
C) droperidol (Inapsine)
D) chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Question 13

There are _____ subtypes of D₂ receptors.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 14

Blockade of the following receptor type produces schizophrenia-like behaviors:

A) serotonin-2 (5-HT₂).
B) dopamine-2 (D₂).
C) dopamine-1 (D₁).
D) NMDA.

Question 15

The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia:

A) encompass a a broad range of human mental activity.
B) are limited to disordered thought.
C) are limited to markedly altered emotion.
D) encompass only selected cognitive systems.

Question 16

The symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as:

A) emotional symptoms and thought symptoms.
B) deductive symptoms and inferential symptoms.
C) introverted symptoms and extroverted symptoms.
D) positive symptoms and negative symptoms.

Question 17

Clozapine is an example of a(n)________; compared to FGAs,it has greater effect at the ________ receptor.

A) neuroleptic antipsychotic; dopamine
B) classical antipsychotic; dopamine
C) atypical antipsychotic; dopamine
D) atypical antipsychotic; serotonin

Question 18

The single best predictor of antipsychotic efficacy in a drug is an affinity for _____ receptors.

A) dopamine-1 (D₁)
B) dopamine-2 (D₂)
C) serotonin-1 (5-HT₁)
D) serotonin-2 (5-HT₂)

Question 19

Schizophrenia is best described as:

A) a mood disorder.
B) a neurodevelopmental disease.
C) an affective disorder.
D) a behavioral disorder.

Question 20

Haldol and Clozaril are examples of a _____ and _____,respectively.

A) FGA; SGA
B) FGA; FGA
C) SGA; SGA
D) SGA; FGA

Question 21

Clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics affect both _____ and _____ receptors.

A) serotonin; acetylcholine
B) glutaminergic; serotonin
C) dopamine; glutaminergic
D) dopamine; serotonin

Question 22

The acute extrapyramidal (EPS)side effect(s)of neuroleptic drugs that involves involuntary muscle contractions is known as:

A) akathisia.
B) dystonia.
C) parkinsonism.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 23

The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (Zyprexa)is also approved for the treatment of:

A) depression.
B) panic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 24

The traditional view of antipsychotic drug activity involves:

A) activation of dopamine-1 receptors.
B) blockade of dopamine-1 receptors.
C) activation of dopamine-2 receptors.
D) blockade of dopamine-2 receptors.

Question 25

Agranulocytosis (loss of white blood cells)has been associated with use of the antipsychotic drug:

A) haloperidol.
B) phenothiazines.
C) clozapine.
D) loxapine.

Question 26

The syndrome of agitation,pacing,and constant rocking back and forth produced by acute treatment with neuroleptic agents,is called:

A) akathisia.
B) dystonia.
C) parkinsonism.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 27

The most serious form of movement disorder produced by neuroleptic agents is:

A) akathisia.
B) dystonia.
C) parkinsonism.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 28

In addition to its use in treating schizophrenia,the phenothiazines were useful in the past in treating:

A) nausea.
B) narcolepsy.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) general anesthesia.

Question 29

Tardive dyskinesia occurs in roughly ______ of patients and is ______.

A) 1 percent; always reversible
B) 1 percent; sometimes irreversible
C) 20 percent; always reversible
D) 20 percent; sometimes irreversible

Question 30

The only antipsychotic effective in treating so-called "treatment-resistant" schizophrenics is:

A) haldol.
B) phenothiazines.
C) clozapine.
D) loxapine.

Question 31

The antipsychotic drug recently receiving FDA approval for the treatment of irritability associated with autism is:

A) haloperidol (Haldol).
B) phenothiazines.
C) clozapine (Clozaril).
D) risperidone (Risperdal).

Question 32

The results of the CATIE and CUtLASS studies suggest that,compared to FGAs the SGAs are:

A) more effective and expensive.
B) equally effective but less expensive.
C) more effective but less expensive.
D) equally effective but more expensive.

Question 33

First generation antipsychotics (FGAs)are _____ soluble and metabolites may persist in the body for _____ after discontinuation of the drug.

A) water; weeks
B) water; months
C) lipid; weeks
D) lipid; months

Question 34

Compared to the FGAs,the atypical antipsychotics have _____ affinity for _____ receptors.

A) greater; D₂
B) greater; D₁
C) less; D₂
D) less; D₁

Question 35

In addition to dopamine receptors,FGAs also affect the following receptor:

A) acetylcholine.
B) serotonin.
C) GABA.
D) glutamate.

Question 36

_____ may be the first of a third generation of antipsychotics.

A) Aripiprazole (Abilify)
B) Clozapine (Clozaril)
C) Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
D) Ziprasidone (Geodon)

Question 37

Haloperidol's mechanism of action is:

A) stimulation of dopamine-2 (D₂)receptors.
B) blockade of dopamine-2 (D₂)receptors.
C) stimulation of dopamine-1 (D₁)receptors.
D) blockade of dopamine-1 (D₁)receptors.

Question 38

Long-term treatment with the phenothiazines produces:

A) tolerance.
B) physical dependence.
C) psychological dependence.
D) cognitive dysfunction.

Question 39

The neuroleptic that can be administered safely to patients with primary Parkinsonism is:

A) haloperidol.
B) phenothiazines.
C) clozapine.
D) molindone.

Question 40

The bizarre postures of the limbs,face,and tongue produced by acute treatment with neuroleptic agents are called:

A) akathisia.
B) dystonia.
C) parkinsonism.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 41

Increases in symptoms of psychosis and Parkinson-like movement disorders are both related to increased blockade of dopamine receptors.

Question 42

The atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone (Geodon),unlike clozapine,stimulates:

A) D₁ receptors.
B) D₂ receptors.
C) 5-HT_1A receptors.
D) 5-HT₂ receptors.

Question 43

First-generation antipsychotic (FGAs)drugs block cholinergic receptors in addition to D₂ receptors.

Question 44

There is a strong association between violent crime and schizophrenia.

Question 45

One hallmark of an atypical antipsychotic is the near absence of extrapyramidal side effects.

Question 46

There is a strong correlation between dopamine-2 receptor blockade and extrapyramidal side effects.

Question 47

The third-generation antipsychotic aripiprazole is unique in that it acts,in part,as a:

A) dopamine-2 (D₂)antagonist.
B) serotonin-2 (5-HT₂)agonist.
C) dopamine-4 (D₄)antagonist.
D) dopamine-2 (D₂)partial agonist.

Question 48

The traditional antipsychotic drugs primarily activate dopamine-2 (D₂)receptors.

Question 49

Studies suggest that the NMDA receptor may be supersensitive/hyperfunctional in schizophrenia.

Question 50

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)differ from the first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)pharmacologically due to their greater affinity for 5-HT (serotonergic)receptors.

Question 51

Schizophrenia is not associated with physical abnormalities in brain structure.

Question 52

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)are collectively referred to as "atypical" antipsychotics.

Question 53

The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE)study showed that patients discontinue the use of antipsychotics primarily because of intolerable side effects and a general lack of efficacy.

Question 54

The British study,Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Studies (CUtLASS 1),suggests that patients taking first-generation antipsychotics may show greater improvement on quality of life and overall symptom reduction.

Question 55

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)are considered "traditional" antipsychotic agents.

Question 56

It is now understood that all second-generation antipsychotics produce better outcomes than first-generation antipsychotics.

Question 57

There is a strong correlation between dopamine-2 receptor blockade and antipsychotic efficacy.

Question 58

Blockade of serotonin receptors may be beneficial in antipsychotic efficacy.

Question 59

The first-generation antipsychotics are most effective against the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 60

The antipsychotic Abilify has been approved as an adjunctive treatment for:

A) ADHD.
B) anxiety.
C) depression.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 61

Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia generally have a significantly shorter lifespan with the most common cause of death being associated with:

A) renal failure.
B) drug abuse.
C) liver disease.
D) cardiovascular disease.

Question 62

Most first generation antipsychotics (FGAs):

A) only block dopamine (D₂)receptors.
B) block D₂ receptors as well as cholinergic receptors.
C) activate D₂ receptors as well as cholinergic receptors.
D) block D₂,cholinergic,histamine,and norepinephrine receptors.

Question 63

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)have greater affinity for _____ receptors.

A) serotonergic (5-HT)
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) glutamate

Question 64

Like clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics,sertindole (Serlect)primarily blocks dopamine-2 receptors.

Question 65

At therapeutic doses,clozapine has greater actions on serotonin receptors than dopamine receptors.

Question 66

Carter was diagnosed with schizophrenia in the late 1950s; he would most likely have been treated with:

A) haloperidol (Haldol).
B) droperidol (Inapsine).
C) chlorpromazine (Thorazine).
D) aripiprazole (Abilify).

Question 67

Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia may be irreversible.

Question 68

Loxapine (Loxitane)only binds to dopaminergic receptors.

Question 69

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)produce side effects that are collectively referred to as the metabolic syndrome.

Question 70

The atypical antipsychotic clozapine relieves negative but not positive symptoms.

Question 71

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)are generally associated with fewer parkinsonian-like symptoms when compared with first-generation antipsychotic (FGAs)drugs.

Question 72

Abuse of _____ produces behavioral effects that are very similar to paranoid schizophrenia.

A) prescription drugs
B) stimulant drugs
C) benzodiazepines
D) barbiturates

Question 73

The effects of ketamine suggest that the _____ system may be involved in schizophrenia.

A) serotonergic
B) cholinergic
C) GABAergic
D) glutaminergic

Question 74

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to prevent/delay schizophrenia in young people with sub-threshold psychotic states.

Question 75

The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE)study suggests that:

A) first generation antipsychotics (FGAs)are more effective than second generation antipsychotics (SGAs).
B) FGAs were more likely to be discontinued than SGAs.
C) SGAs produced more side effects than third generation antipsychotics (TGAs).
D) clozapine (Clozaril)was more effective than other SGAs.

Question 76

The involuntary muscle contractions that are associated with antipsychotics is known as:

A) akathisia.
B) extrapyramidal effects.
C) dystonia.
D) neuroleptic induced parkinsons.

Question 77

Haloperidol (Haldol)is an example of a first-generation neuroleptic.

Question 78

Stimulation of NMDA receptors results in schizophrenic-like behaviors.

Question 79

Injectable,long-acting forms of risperdone and its metabolite have been approved for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia,respectively.

Question 80

A novel approach to testing FGA-associated movement disorders is blockade of the transporter for the storage vesicles in DA neurons.