Deck 7: Nicotine

Question 1

The main reason humans consume tobacco is for its content.

A) tar
B) nicotine
C) caffeine
D) carbon monoxide

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A "hookah" is a _.

A) hollowed-out cigar filled with marijuana and nicotine
B) new type of smokeless tobacco
C) water pipe
D) tobacco substitute used in treatment

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How many of the 60 species of the genus Nicotiani can be used for human consumption?

A) 2
B) 7
C) 15
D) 28

Answer 3

A

Question 4

How is snuff most commonly taken in Europe?

A) chewing
B) dipping
C) smoking
D) sniffing

Question 5

Which of the following describes the relationship between smoking prevalence and employment status?

A) current smoking prevalence for those over 18 is higher among individuals who are unemployed
B) current smoking prevalence for those over 18 is lower among individuals who are unemployed
C) differences in smoking status between the unemployed and the employed are only evident in males
D) there is no relationship

Question 6

The highest rates of current cigarette use are among .

A) 14-17 year olds
B) 18-25 year olds
C) 26-40 year olds
D) those over 40 years old

Question 7

smoking is the most toxic way to smoke tobacco.

A) Cigar
B) Pipe
C) Cigarette
D) cigar or pipe

Question 8

% of people who die from smoking-related causes in the U.S. began smoking as adolescents.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90

Question 9

In the early years after the Europeans were first introduced to tobacco use, which country held a monopoly on the world market?

A) England
B) France
C) Portugal
D) Spain

Question 10

How do most smokers quit?

A) on their own
B) with the aid of their doctor
C) using self-help groups
D) using group-therapy

Question 11

Nicotiana tabacum is indigenous to .

A) the United States
B) Spain
C) Africa
D) South America

Question 12

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest rate of smoking for those over 26 years old?

A) Whites
B) Blacks
C) Hispanics
D) there are no ethnic differences

Question 13

When was the peak of smoking among Americans?

A) 1860
B) 1918
C) 1945
D) 1963
E) smoking is currently at its most prevalent

Question 14

The concept of tobacco as therapeutic agent took a serious blow when Posselt and Reimann .

A) isolated nicotine
B) died from tobacco treatment
C) were cited for malpractice
D) published The Evil Weed

Question 15

All of the tobaccos consumed in the U.S. come from the plant.

A) Nicotiana rustica
B) Nicotiana papyra
C) Nicotiana tabacum
D) None of these

Question 16

Tobacco was thought to have medical value for about years.

A) 150
B) 200
C) 350
D) 500

Question 17

Which of the following is true of nicotine?

A) it is the constituent of tobacco that has the most immediate pharmacological action
B) it is about as toxic as cyanide
C) when tobacco is burned, the smoke has a small portion of nicotine
D) all of these

Question 18

Which of the following anti-smoking efforts was successful?

A) the papal bulls issued by Popes Urban VIII and Innocent X
B) the efforts of Sultan Marad IV in 1633
C) the smoking prohibition by the Russian czar in 1634
D) the Japanese edict of 1603
E) none of these

Question 19

Overall, the prevalence of current smokers has since 1965.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) remained constant
D) declined for women, but increased for men

Question 20

Who was nicotine named after?

A) the explorer who discovered tobacco in North America
B) the French ambassador to Portugal
C) the man who invented the cigarette
D) the scientist who first isolated nicotine

Question 21

is the largest cigarette producer in the world.

A) the United States
B) China
C) France
D) Brazil

Question 22

facilitates many disease processes associated with smoking because of its advantage over oxygen in binding to hemoglobin.

A) Carbon monoxide
B) Tar
C) Nicotine
D) Carbon dioxide

Question 23

The distribution half-life of nicotine is .

A) 1-10 minutes
B) 10-20 minutes
C) 25-50 minutes
D) 2 hours

Question 24

The group most likely to use moist snuff are .

A) young females
B) young males
C) adult men who earn less than $5,000/year
D) psychiatric outpatients

Question 25

What accounts for the calming effects of nicotine use?

A) it relaxes skeletal muscles
B) its biphasic action-at higher doses, its effects are more depressant
C) the individual's beliefs about nicotine's effects
D) all of these

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding the smoking-related mortality rates of men and women in the U.S.?

A) Men are more likely to die of smoking-related causes than women.
B) Women are more likely to die of smoking-related causes than men.
C) The smoking-related risk of death for men and women is almost identical.
D) Not enough research has been conducted on women smokers to draw any conclusions.

Question 27

In , the U.S. Surgeon General officially determined that physical dependence develops to nicotine.

A) 1893
B) 1935
C) 1964
D) 1988

Question 28

The most frequently reported nicotine withdrawal symptom is .

A) insomnia
B) anxiety
C) irritability
D) nicotine craving

Question 29

High levels of nicotine are maintained longer when tobacco is taken in the form of .

A) snuff
B) chewing tobacco
C) cigarettes
D) all of these are equal
E) snuff or chewing tobacco

Question 30

Most of the cancer-causing substances in smoke are in .

A) carbon monoxide
B) tar
C) nicotine
D) carbon dioxide

Question 31

Nicotine has been shown to have effects.

A) calming
B) stimulating
C) both calming and stimulating
D) none of these

Question 32

Nicotine is eliminated from the body primarily in .

A) exhaled smoke
B) feces
C) urine
D) sweat

Question 33

The major organ(s) responsible for metabolizing nicotine is (are) the .

A) liver
B) kidneys
C) lungs
D) pancreas

Question 34

How long does it take to develop the first signs of nicotine tolerance?

A) the first time smoking
B) after one week of smoking regularly
C) after one month of smoking regularly
D) tolerance to nicotine does not develop

Question 35

Nicotine is most readily absorbed from the .

A) skin
B) lungs
C) nasal mucosa
D) gastrointestinal tract

Question 36

Where has the prevalence of smoking increased in recent years?

A) the United States
B) Western Europe
C) the developing countries of Asia
D) all of these
E) Western Europe and the developing countries of Asia

Question 37

Which of the following is not an acute pharmacological effect of nicotine?

A) increased behavioral activity
B) increased muscle tone
C) tremors
D) enhanced memory

Question 38

About American smokers suffer premature deaths every year.

A) 10,000
B) 75,000
C) 180,000
D) 440,000

Question 39

Which of the following is the most efficient way to get a dose of nicotine?

A) cigarette smoking
B) pipe smoking
C) using snuff intranasally
D) using chewing tobacco
E) cigarette or pipe smoking

Question 40

Nicotine has like effects.

A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) acetylcholine
D) norepinephrine

Question 41

At higher doses, nicotine's effects tend to be more depressant than stimulatory.

Question 42

A pack-a-day smoker averages 150 nicotine reinforcements a day.

Question 43

Water pipe smoking results in greater exposure to carbon monoxide than cigarette smoking.

Question 44

The major way that nicotine is excreted from the body is through sweat.

Question 45

The focus of the harm reduction approach to nicotine dependence is to .

A) eliminate nicotine use entirely
B) reduce smoking to a standardized "healthy level"
C) eliminate or reduce the negative consequences of nicotine use
D) encourage smokers to switch to healthier methods of nicotine use, such as nicotine gum

Question 46

The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, which required warning labels to be placed on cigarette packages, originally took effect in .

A) 1925
B) 1952
C) 1966
D) 1973

Question 47

Research on the use of nicotine replacement therapies leads to the conclusion that .

A) there are no demonstrable differences in effectiveness between different nicotine replacement therapies
B) they are only slightly more effective than placebos
C) there may be significant long-term consequences to their use
D) pairing them with behavioral therapies does little to enhance treatment effectiveness

Question 48

The use of tobacco as a medical agent ended near the time of the U.S. Civil War.

Question 49

is a Swedish smokeless tobacco product that has been successfully marketed as a "harm reduction product."

A) The electronic cigarette
B) The blunt
C) Snus
D) Omni

Question 50

The rate of cure during a given time period without formal treatment is known as .

A) withdrawal
B) self-cure
C) spontaneous remission
D) relapse

Question 51

Which of the following is not true of behavioral programs for smoking cessation?

A) one of the key components is the identification of high-risk situations
B) they may not involve direct contact with professional staff
C) they have been shown to be an effective way to stop smoking
D) treatment lasts four to six months on average

Question 52

Six of every seven pounds of tobacco grown in the U.S. are used for cigarettes.

Question 53

is a drug developed specifically for the treatment of smoking and works by competing with nicotine in binding to nicotine receptors in the brain.

A) Varenicline
B) Bupropion
C) Fluoxetine
D) Nicorette

Question 54

When a smoker returns to smoking after having abstained for some amount of time, he or she has experienced ___________.

A) withdrawal
B) a rebound
C) a relapse
D) spontaneous remission

Question 55

of all lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.

A) 10-20%
B) 30-40%
C) 60-70%
D) 80-90%

Question 56

Adolescent boys are much more likely to smoke than adolescent girls.

Question 57

What has been the outcome of lawsuits filed against tobacco companies for harm caused by cigarette smoking?

A) lawsuits filed by individuals and families have been more successful than class-action lawsuits
B) class-action lawsuits have been more successful than lawsuits filed by individuals and families
C) lawsuits filed by individuals and families and class-action lawsuits have both been largely successful
D) neither class-action lawsuits nor those filed by individuals and families have been successful

Question 58

is a disease in which the lung's air spaces are abnormally diluted and the lungs walls are distended.

A) glaucoma
B) bronchitis
C) lung cancer
D) emphysema

Question 59

In the late 15th century, Columbus introduced tobacco to the Indians.

Question 60

Recent animal research suggests a major reason why smoking tends to begin in adolescence is that teens' brains are
more susceptible to the rewarding effects of nicotine than are the brains of older individuals.

Question 61

Briefly describe the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of nicotine. What factors affect these processes? What organs or systems are involved?

Question 62

Research has demonstrated that the decreased tar and nicotine contained in today's cigarette brands has resulted in decreased tar and nicotine consumption by smokers.

Question 63

How does nicotine affect arousal?

Question 64

What are the health problems associated with tobacco use? What constituents of tobacco cause these problems?

Question 65

Smokers tend to weigh more than nonsmokers.

Question 66

The harm reduction approach to reducing cigarette smoking is now the most widely accepted approach in the U.S.

Question 67

Lung cancer is the leading major cancer-related cause of death among women.

Question 68

Describe the processes of tolerance to and dependence on nicotine. What is the time frame of tolerance to nicotine? What are the symptoms of dependence?

Question 69

A problem with nicotine gum is that many patients become dependent on it.

Question 70

The nicotine patch appears to be much more effective than nicotine gum.

Question 71

Passive smoking, inhaling the smoke of others who are smoking, is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States.

Question 72

What are the types of treatment available for smokers? What are some of the components of each? What type of smoker is most likely to benefit from each?

Question 73

"Controlled" smoking is one popular and effective option in smoking treatment programs.