Question 1

The placenta produces hormones that are vital to the function of the fetus.Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy past the eleventh week?&#10;A)Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)&#10;B)Human placental lactogen (hPL)&#10;C)Estrogen&#10;D)Progesterone&#10;

Accepted Answer

Progesterone is primarily responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy past the eleventh week. It helps to prepare the uterus for implantation and maintains the uterine lining throughout pregnancy, while also helping to prevent contractions that could lead to preterm labor.

Question 2

A woman is seven months pregnant,and has come to the obstetrical clinic for a routine prenatal examination.During the assessment,the nurse hears a soft blowing sound above the mother's symphysis pubis.The rate of sound is synchronous with the mother's heartbeat.The nurse identifies this as:

A)A normal sound called funic souffle.
B)A normal sound called uterine souffle.
C)An abnormal sound representing an aortic aneurysm.
D)An abnormal sound representing a false knot in the cord.

A normal sound called uterine souffle.

Accepted Answer

The soft blowing sound above the mother's symphysis pubis, synchronous with the mother's heartbeat, is called uterine souffle. This is a normal sound heard in pregnancy caused by blood circulating through the uterine arteries. Funic souffle is a similar sound heard over the fetal presenting part and is also a normal finding in pregnancy. An aortic aneurysm would not be heard over the mother's pubic area and a false knot in the cord would not produce a sound heard on auscultation.

Question 3

A client tells you that her mother was a twin,two of her sisters have twins,and several cousins either are twins or gave birth to twins.The client,too,is expecting twins.Because there is a genetic predisposition to twins in her family,there is a good chance that the cleint will have:

A)Dizygotic twins.
B)Monozygotic twins.
C)Identical twins.
D)Nonzygotic twins.

Dizygotic twins.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, occur when two eggs are fertilized by two different sperm. This is more likely to occur when there is a genetic predisposition to twins in the family. Monozygotic (identical) twins occur when one fertilized egg splits into two embryos, while nonzygotic twins is not a recognized term.

Question 4

In evaluating information taught about conception and fetal development,the client verbalizes understanding about transportation time of the zygote through the fallopian tube and into the cavity of the uterus with which statement?

A)"It will take at least 3 days for the egg to reach the uterus."
B)"It will take 8 days for the egg to reach the uterus."
C)"It will only take 12 hours for the egg to go through the fallopian tube."
D)"It will take 18 hours for the fertilized egg to implant in the uterus."

Accepted Answer

The transportation time of the zygote through the fallopian tube and into the cavity of the uterus typically takes about 3 days, making statement A correct.

Question 5

During a prenatal examination,a client asks,&#34;How does my baby get air?&#34; The nurse would give correct information by saying:&#10;A)&#34;The lungs of the fetus carry out respiratory gas exchange in utero.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;The placenta assumes the function of the fetal lungs by supplying oxygen and allowing the excretion of carbon dioxide into your bloodstream.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;The blood from the placenta is carried through the umbilical artery,which penetrates the abdominal wall of the fetus.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;The fetus is able to obtain sufficient oxygen because your hemoglobin concentration is 50% greater during pregnancy.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

During fetal development, the placenta acts as the organ of respiration, taking over the function of the fetal lungs by supplying oxygen and allowing the excretion of carbon dioxide into the mother's bloodstream through the umbilical cord. The fetus does not breathe air as the lungs are not functional until birth. Option A is incorrect as fetal lungs are not yet fully developed at this stage. Option C is also incorrect as the umbilical artery carries nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the fetus, and the oxygenated blood flows back to the placenta through the umbilical veins. Option D is incorrect as the hemoglobin concentration of pregnant women is not directly related to fetal oxygenation.

Question 6

The process of implantation is characterized by which of following processes? Select all that apply.&#10;A)The trophoblast attaches itself to the surface of the endometrium.&#10;B)The most frequent site of attachment is the lower part of the anterior uterine wall.&#10;C)Between 7 and 10 days,the zona pellucida disappears and the blastocyst implants itself in the uterine lining.&#10;D)The lining of the uterus thins below the implanted blastocyst.&#10;E)The cells of the trophoblast grow down into the uterine lining,forming the chorionic villi.&#10;

Accepted Answer

During implantation, the trophoblast attaches to the surface of the endometrium. The most frequent site of attachment is the upper part of the posterior uterine wall, not the lower part of the anterior uterine wall. Between 7 and 10 days, the zona pellucida disappears, and the blastocyst implants itself in the uterine lining. The cells of the trophoblast grow down into the uterine lining, forming the chorionic villi. The lining of the uterus actually thickens below the implanted blastocyst. Therefore, options A, C, and E are the correct choices.

Question 7

If only a small volume of sperm is discharged into the vagina,an insufficient amount of enzymes might be released when they encounter the ovum.In that case,pregnancy would probably not result,because:&#10;A)Peristalsis of the fallopian tube would decrease,making it difficult for the ovum to enter the uterus.&#10;B)The block to polyspermy (cortical reaction)would not occur.&#10;C)The fertilized ovum would be unable to implant in the uterus.&#10;D)Sperm would be unable to penetrate the zona pellucida of the ovum.&#10;

Accepted Answer

If only a small volume of sperm is discharged into the vagina, there may not be enough to successfully fertilize the ovum. This is because sperm must penetrate through the zona pellucida of the ovum in order to fertilize it, and a lack of sufficient enzymes released from the small volume of sperm may make this difficult or impossible. The other options (A, B, and C) are unrelated to this specific issue and do not provide a likely explanation for why pregnancy might not result.

Question 8

Which of the following facilitates movement of the ovum through the fallopian tube and toward the uterus?&#10;A)Estrogen-induced tubal peristalsis&#10;B)Progesterone-induced cervical mucus changes&#10;C)Motions of the fallopian fimbriae&#10;D)Movements of the corona radiata of the ovum&#10;

Accepted Answer

Estrogen-induced tubal peristalsis facilitates the movement of the ovum through the fallopian tube toward the uterus by causing rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle in the tube.

Question 9

The cell division process that results in two identical cells,each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell,is called:&#10;A)Meiosis.&#10;B)Mitosis.&#10;C)Oogenesis.&#10;D)Gametogenesis.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The cell division process that results in two identical cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell, is called mitosis. Meiosis results in four genetically diverse cells with half the number of chromosomes, oogenesis is specifically the process of egg cell production in females, and gametogenesis is the overall process of producing gametes (sperm and egg cells).

Question 10

At her first prenatal visit,a woman and the nurse are discussing fetal development.The client asks,&#34;When will my baby actually have a heartbeat?&#34; The nurse should reply,&#34;The heartbeat of an embryo is distinguishable by week number _____ of development.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of At her first prenatal visit,a woman and...

Question 11

The nurse is prsenting information on pregnancy and fetal development.To evaluate learing,the nurse asks the students: "When a female reaches adolescence,the ova continue to divide.How many chromosomes do the resulting cells then have?"

A)46 double-structured chromosomes
B)46 single chromosomes
C)23 double-structured chromosomes
D)23 single chromosomes

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is prsenting information on pregnancy...

Question 12

Which of the following would be typical of a fetus at 20 weeks? Select all that apply.&#10;A)The fetus has a body weight of 435-465 g.&#10;B)The fetus actively sucks and swallows amniotic fluid.&#10;C)The kidneys begin to produce urine.&#10;D)Nipples appear over the mammary glands.&#10;E)Lanugo covers the entire body.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be typical...

Question 13

The fetus is wrinkled,is covered with vernix,opens and closes eyelids,and has physiologically immature lungs that would sufficiently provide gas exchange.What gestational age is this fetus?&#10;A)23 weeks&#10;B)25 weeks&#10;C)30 weeks&#10;D)34 weeks&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fetus is wrinkled,is covered with vernix,opens...

Question 14

Prenatal influences on the intrauterine environment include which of the following? Select all that apply.&#10;A)The use of saunas or hot tubs&#10;B)The use of drugs&#10;C)The quality of the sperm or ovum&#10;D)Maternal nutrition&#10;E)Vitamins and folic acid&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prenatal influences on the intrauterine environment include...

Question 15

For fertilization to occur,what portion of the sperm must enter the ovum?&#10;A)The entire sperm&#10;B)Only the head&#10;C)Only the tail&#10;D)Either the head or the tail&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of For fertilization to occur,what portion of the...

Deck 4: Conception and Fetal Development