Deck 15: Families and Intimate Relationships

Question 1

The sociology of family is the subdiscipline of sociology that attempts to describe and explain patterns of family life and variations in family structure.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Based on Census Bureau data,the people who are most likely to cohabit are over the age of 55.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Contemporary functionalists examine the roles of husbands,wives,and children as they act out their own part and react to the actions of others.From such a perspective,what people think,as well as what they say and do,is very important in understanding family dynamics.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Both legal and blood ties are found in the family of orientation.The relationship between a husband and wife is based on legal ties;however,the relationship between a parent and child may be based on either blood ties or legal ties,depending on whether the child has been adopted.

Question 5

According to sociologist Francesca Cancian,men tend to express their feelings verbally whereas women tend to express their love through nonverbal actions,such as running an errand for someone.

Question 6

Polyandry is very rare;when it does occur,it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of high rates of female infanticide or where marriages are arranged between two brothers and one woman.

Question 7

Conflict theorists emphasize the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society and the well-being of individuals.

Question 8

Middle-income families with working mothers typically send preschoolers to day-care centers or family day care,which takes place in the home of the caregiver.In low-income families,most preschoolers with working mothers are taken care of by nonparental relatives.

Question 9

Couples with more egalitarian ideas about women's and men's roles tend to share more equally in
food preparation,housework,and child care.

Question 10

A comparison of Census Bureau data over the last four decades shows that there has been a significant decline in the percentage of U.S.households made up of a married couple who had children under eighteen years of age.

Question 11

In postindustrial societies,the primary form of social organization is through kinship ties-which
refer to a social network of people based on common ancestry,marriage,or adoption.

Question 12

The increase in births among unmarried teenagers may have negative long-term consequences for mothers and their children;these children have severely limited educational and employment opportunities and a high likelihood of living in poverty.

Question 13

Extended families often include grandparents,uncles,aunts,or other relatives who live close to the parents and children,making it possible for family members to share resources.

Question 14

In 2013,two-thirds of employed mothers with children under age six worked full time.

Question 15

About 75 percent of U.S.households are maintained by single parents who live with their own children under the age of 18.

Question 16

A system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family is referred to
as bilateral descent.

Question 17

Another characteristic of the postmodern family is modernity,where the boundaries between the public sphere (the workplace)and the private sphere (the home)are becoming much more open and flexible.

Question 18

Families are defined as relationships in which people live together with commitment,form an economic unit and care for any young,and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group.

Question 19

Conflict analysts are concerned with the effect that class conflict has on the family.The exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems such as high rates of divorce and overall family instability.

Question 20

Although most people are related to members of their family of orientation by blood ties,those who are adopted have a legal tie that is patterned after a blood relationship.

Question 21

Kinship______________.

A)is the primary form of social organization in modern,industrialized societies
B)networks lead to conflict as people compete for basic necessities of life
C)systems serve as a means by which property is transferred,goods are produced and distributed,and power is allocated
D)networks in modern societies fulfill the same functions as they always have

Question 22

______________ are responsible primarily for regulating sexual activity,socializing children,and providing affection and companionship.

A)Preindustrial families
B)Industrial families
C)Hunting and gathering families
D)Contemporary families

Question 23

What constitutes a "family" has been widely debated.For many years,the standard sociological definition of family was:

A)a social network of people based on common ancestry,marriage,or adoption
B)a group of people who are related to one another by bonds of blood,marriage,or adoption and who live together,form an economic unit,and bear and raise children
C)a group of people that consists of a husband and wife,children from previous marriages,and children (if any)from the new marriage
D)a social network of people into which a person is born,comprised of relatives,parents,and children who live in the same household

Question 24

Currently,whites are the largest population that choose to remain single.

Question 25

With the advent of industrialization and urbanization,maintaining the______________family pattern becomes more difficult in societies.Increasingly,young people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment in the industrializing sector of the economy.At that time,the______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ family typically becomes the predominant family pattern in the society.

A)blended;extended
B)extended;nuclear
C)nuclear;conventional
D)nuclear;extended

Question 26

The______________refers to family units that are composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household.

A)blended family
B)conventional family
C)extended family
D)nuclear family

Question 27

In preindustrial societies,the primary form of social organization is through______________ties,which refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry,marriage,or adoption.

A)family
B)lineage
C)kinship
D)heritage

Question 28

To more accurately reflect the changes in family life,the text provides a broad definition of what constitutes a family,which is:

A)a social network of people into which a person is born,comprised of relatives,parents,and children who live in the same household
B)a group of people,which consists of a husband and wife,children from previous marriages,and children (if any)from the new marriage
C)a relationship in which people live together with commitment,form an economic unit and care for any young,and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group
D)a social network of people based on common ancestry,marriage,or adoption

Question 29

In horticultural and agricultural societies,______________are extremely important;having a large number of family members participate in food production may be essential for survival.

A)nuclear families
B)blended families
C)conventional families
D)extended families

Question 30

As a result of divorce and remarriage,complex family relationships are often created.Some people become a part of stepfamilies or blended families,which consist of a husband and wife,children from previous marriages,and children (if any)from the new marriage.

Question 31

A comparison of Census Bureau data from 1970 to 2011 shows that there has been____________________________in the percentage of U.S.households comprising a married couple with their own children under eighteen years of age.

A)a significant increase
B)a very minor change
C)a significant decline
D)basically no change in the data

Question 32

Divorce is the legal process of dissolving a marriage that allows former spouses to remarry if they so choose.Most divorces today are granted on the grounds of adultery.

Question 33

The______________is the family that a person forms by having or adopting children.

A)blended family
B)family of orientation
C)nuclear family
D)family of procreation

Question 34

In 2004,California became the first state to make same-sex marriages legal.

Question 35

______________ refers to family units composed of one or two parents and their dependent children,all of whom live apart from other relatives.

A)Nuclear family
B)Conventional family
C)Extended family
D)Blended family

Question 36

In the United States,although many young people leave their______________as they reach adulthood,finish school,and/or get married,recent studies have found that many people maintain family ties across generations,particularly as older persons remain actively involved in relationships with their adult children.

A)family of orientation
B)nuclear family
C)family of procreation
D)blended family

Question 37

Both legal and blood ties are found in the______________.The relationship between a husband and wife is based on legal ties;however,the relationship between a parent and child may be based on either blood ties or legal ties,depending on whether the child has been adopted.

A)nuclear family
B)family of procreation
C)blended family
D)family of orientation

Question 38

Although most people are related to members of their______________by blood ties,those who are adopted have a legal tie that is patterned after a blood relationship.

A)family of procreation
B)extended family
C)family of orientation
D)blended family

Question 39

At the microlevel,a number of factors contribute to a couple's statistical likelihood of divorcing.One of the primary social characteristics that decreases the likelihood of divorcing is marrying over 25 years of age,as opposed to under 18 years of age.

Question 40

The______________is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.

A)family of orientation
B)nuclear family
C)family of procreation
D)extended family

Question 41

In nations such as India,where boys are seen as permanent______________family members,girls tend to be seen as more expendable than boys.

A)matrilineal
B)patrilocal
C)patrilineal
D)patriarchal

Question 42

Descent and inheritance rights are intricately linked with patterns of power and authority in families.Across cultures,the most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is:

A)homogamy
B)matriarchy
C)egalitarianism
D)patriarchy

Question 43

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families.______________residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community)as the husband's family.

A)Patriarchal
B)Patrilocal
C)Patricentric
D)Patrilineal

Question 44

Even with the less common pattern of______________-a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family-women may not control property.

A)matriarchal descent
B)matricentric descent
C)matrilocal descent
D)matrilineal descent

Question 45

In the United States,the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is______________,which refers to a marriage between two partners,usually a woman and a man.

A)homogamy
B)polygamy
C)monogamy
D)polyandry

Question 46

Through a pattern of marriage,divorce,and remarriage,some people practice______________,a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.

A)sequential coupling
B)serial monogamy
C)marriage serialization
D)polygamy

Question 47

______________ is/are a form of familial power and authority.

A)Patriarchy
B)Familialism
C)Kinship ties
D)Bilateralism

Question 48

______________ is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.It is very rare.

A)Endogamy
B)Polyandry
C)Homogamy
D)Polygyny

Question 49

______________ is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

A)Endogamy
B)Polyandry
C)Homogamy
D)Polygyny

Question 50

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally).The most common form is______________a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

A)bitriarchal descent
B)bilateral descent
C)bitricentric descent
D)bitrilocal descent

Question 51

______________ is the concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex.

A)Polygamy
B)Monogamy
C)Homogamy
D)Endogamy

Question 52

______________ is very rare and when it does occur,it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of female infanticide.

A)Polyandry
B)Homogamy
C)Polygyny
D)Endogamy

Question 53

______________ systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

A)Patrilineal
B)Patrilocal
C)Patricentric
D)Patriarchal

Question 54

The cost of maintenance and a nearly balanced sex ratio in a geographical area tends to limit this type of marriage.

A)endogamy
B)polygamy
C)homogamy
D)monogamy

Question 55

In______________systems,inheritance of property and position usually is traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother)to his nephew (mother's son)and,in some cases,mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

A)matricentric
B)matrilocal
C)matrilineal
D)matriarchal

Question 56

A(n)______________family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

A)patriarchal
B)matriarchal
C)egalitarian
D)bilateral

Question 57

A(n)______________family is a family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally.

A)biarchal
B)bipolar
C)egalitarian
D)bilateral

Question 58

A(n)______________family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

A)patriarchal
B)matriarchal
C)egalitarian
D)bilateral

Question 59

In preindustrial societies,kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally).The most common pattern of unilineal descent is______________,which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

A)patriarchal descent
B)patrilineal descent
C)patrilocal descent
D)patricentric descent

Question 60

______________ is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.

A)Marriage
B)Cohabitation
C)Trial separation
D)Monogamous experimentation

Question 61

In industrialized nations such as the United States,most couples hope to live in a(n)____________________________residence-the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

A)neolocal
B)bilateral
C)egalitarian
D)neocentric

Question 62

Across cultures,______________is most common.In al-Barba,a lower-middle-class neighborhood in the Jordanian city of Irbid,the high cost of renting an apartment or building a new home has resulted in many sons building their own living quarters onto their parents' home,resulting in multi­ family households.

A)matrilocal residency
B)multilocal residency
C)neolocal residency
D)patrilocal residency

Question 63

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules.______________is the practice of marrying outside one's own social groups or category.

A)Exogamy
B)Homogamy
C)Heterogamy
D)Endogamy

Question 64

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons,the wife/mother fulfills the______________(running the household,caring for children,and meeting the emotional needs of family members).

A)authoritarian role
B)expressive role
C)instrumental role
D)egalitarian role

Question 65

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons,the husband/father fulfills the______________(meeting the family's economic needs,making important decisions,and providing leadership).

A)egalitarian role
B)expressive role
C)authoritarian role
D)instrumental role

Question 66

Families confer______________.These would include race/ethnicity,nationality,social class,and sometimes religious affiliation.

A)sexual regulation
B)achieved status
C)social status and reputation
D)socialization

Question 67

______________ is the subdiscipline of sociology that attempts to describe and explain patterns of family life and variations in family structure.

A)Sociology of kinship
B)Sociology of genealogy
C)Sociology of family
D)Sociology of domestication

Question 68

The text points out that conflict and feminist analysts:

A)examine the relationship between family troubles and a decline in other social institutions
B)view functionalist perspectives on the role of the family as realistic and adequate
C)view families as sources of social inequality and conflict over values,goals,and access to resources and power
D)examine the roles of husbands,wives,and children as they act out their own part and react to the actions of others

Question 69

______________ theorists emphasize the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society and the well-being of individuals.

A)Symbolic interactionist
B)Conflict
C)Functionalist
D)Postmodernist

Question 70

The health of the economy is linked to fertility rates.For example,the recent economic crisis caused fertility rates to______________.

A)increase
B)decline
C)remain stable
D)fluctuate wildly

Question 71

Few societies have residential patterns known as______________residence,which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community)as the wife's parents.

A)matriarchal
B)matrilocal
C)matricentric
D)matrilineal

Question 72

Social scientists refer to______________as the pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics such as race/ethnicity,religious background,age,education,and/or social class.

A)egalitarianism
B)endogamy
C)exogamy
D)heterogamy

Question 73

In the United States,most people practice______________.They marry people who come from the same social class,racial/ethnic group,religious affiliation,and other categories considered important within their own social group.

A)exogamy
B)egalitarianism
C)heterogamy
D)endogamy

Question 74

Incest taboos that prohibit sexual contact or marriage between certain relatives would be an example of which key function of family?

A)Sexual regulation
B)Socialization
C)Economic and psychological support
D)Provisions of social status

Question 75

______________ are responsible for providing economic and psychological support for members.

A)Government
B)Education
C)Economy
D)Families

Question 76

According to______________,marriage is a microcosmic replica of the larger society;both marriage and society involve a mental and moral fusion of physically distinct individuals.

A)Talcott Parsons
B)George Herbert Mead
C)Emile Durkheim
D)Jonathan Turner

Question 77

Parents and other relatives are responsible for teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to survive.Which of the following key functions that families serve does this statement address?

A)sexual regulation
B)socialization
C)economic and psychological support
D)provisions of social status

Question 78

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules.______________is the practice of marrying within one's own group.

A)Exogamy
B)Homogamy
C)Endogamy
D)Heterogamy

Question 79

In advanced industrial societies,families serve all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A)sexual regulation
B)economic and psychological support
C)provision of social status
D)guaranteed reproduction

Question 80

Some conflict explanations of family problems,such as high rates of divorce and overall family instability,focus on:

A)how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems
B)the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions,such as the economy,religion,and law
C)the way in which definitions concerning family problems not only are socially constructed,but also have an effect on how people are treated
D)diversity and fragmentation of families